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In the present article several examples of Roman official portraiture from the Hadrian`s period found in the present-day Bulgarian territory are discussed. Among them there are a portrait of Hadrian, dated at the end of his reign or at the beginning of Antonine period and three portraits of his wife Sabina /one from Durostorum and two from Philippopolis/, dated between 128 and 138 AD. Two portraits of priests are discussed also - a priestess` head from Durostorum, which has a typical Roman iconography /that of vestal virgin/ and belongs to Late Trajanic and Early Hadrianic time and a priest’s head found at Dionysopolis with classical Gråek iconography, dated at the end of Hadrian’s reign. Most of the portraits are imported from workshops at Greece and Asia Minor, but there are some of Italian origin /Hadrian’s portrait and priestess head from Durostorum/. So far there are no data for local workshops at Thrace and Moesia at Hadrianic period, but there are - for traveling sculptors, working at customer’s order/Sabina’s head with crescent-shaped diadem from Philippopolis/.
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The article emphasizes the practical approach to the use of the digital still cameras for IR imagin g in the preliminary re search in icons and paintings conservation. Special attention is drawn to well-known phenomenon of the IR imaging and IR reflectometry in general, to reveal under the paint layer and make hidden drawings, texts or other information, visible . Eight 19th century icon s were object of the practical study in concern with this phenomenon. All of them had over-paintings, hiding the inscriptions of the underneath layer. Additional technical information is provided. It supports the practical study and makes the results achieved clearer. The positive outcome presented, encourages the use of the digital still cameras in IR photography as one of the common methods for examination in paintings conservation.
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The article discusses the problems of the theory of ceramic restoration. The lack of a theoretical grounds and inertia in this field cause mass destruction of valuable objects. On the one hand, they are acknowledged as artifacts of documentary, historic or religious/ritual and artistic value. On the other, such value is totally neglected in restoring them. They are viewed simply as objects, whose missing fragments might easily be replaced. Such an act, though, replaces their identity, as well (in all aspects of the findings’ value). In order to assess properly the value of a ceramic finding and to take appropriate measures for its preservation, one should take into account such important factors as the archeological context, condition of the object and a state of preservation. Only then one can take an adequate decision for the restoration of a particular finding. Based on these features, an attempt is made to systemize the ceramic findings according to their preservation state, stressing the possibility for restoration of all of the described groups. Such a typology is an open system that can be modified in case of need and under certain conditions.
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Reviews / Smirnova E.S. Moroni Northeast Russia. Rostov, Vladimir, Kostroma, Murom, Ryazan, Moscow, Vologda region, Dvina. Mid XIII - the middle of XIV century
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Reviews / Byzantium and the relics of Christ. Ed. By J. B. Durand and Flusin
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