Theories of International Relations
Scott Burchill i Andrew Linklater (ur.) Theories of International Relations Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan, 2013 (5. izd.), v + 388 str.
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Scott Burchill i Andrew Linklater (ur.) Theories of International Relations Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan, 2013 (5. izd.), v + 388 str.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between female abstinents in Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of certain demographics (age, education, rural-urban, party and ethnicity) and socio-psychological characteristics (interest in politics, the ways of getting their information about politics, trust in institutions, dogmatism, nationalism, cosmopolitanism, the end justifies the means, the attitude towards the leader, conservatism, liberalism and authoritarianism). The study was conducted in the first half of March 2013, on a sample of 483 adult women who did not plan to vote in the upcoming elections, who in the past six years (three election cycles) either voted occasionally, or they voted, but have no intention of voting again, or they have never voted. We started from the assumption that the different modes of political abstinence differ with respect to the measured variables. The results show that the three categories of women abstinents differ in terms of certain socio-demographic variables: age, education, ethnicity, party affiliation and religious beliefs. There are differences among respondents concerning political interests. The greatest interest was found among the respondents who manipulate their turning out to the polls, followed by those who were disappointed in the elections, while the slightest interest in politics was among the respondents who have never voted. Television is still the dominant medium for getting information about political events, the second and third ones are newspapers and radio, but they are much less influential. Yet among the three categories of women abstinents significant differences were found only regarding television and radio. Three categories of women abstinents differ only in cosmopolitanism and liberalism variables. There is a difference between women abstinents in their confidence in institutions. The most trust in institu- tions is found in women who occasionally took part in the elections, followed by those who voted, but no longer do so. The least trust in institutions is found among women who have never voted.
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This paper presents the views of leading representatives of contemporary Anglo-Saxon historiography regarding Serbia’s responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War. Over the past several years, as the celebration of the centenary of the outbreak of the Great War approached, a part of Anglo-Saxon historiography re-opened the question of responsibility for its outbreak. Without engaging in objective analysis of the most relevant historical facts and archive documents, certain representatives of Anglo-Saxon historiography have put forward claims that Serbia and the Serbian government were responsible for the First World War and its outbreak. At the same time, they clear Germany and its ally Austria-Hungary of all guilt. The most distinguished representatives of this school of historiography are the British historians Margaret MacMillan, Christopher Clark, as well as Sean McMeekin. They all believe that Serbian authorities instigated, organized and materially supported members of the Young Bosnia movement to assassinate the Austrian Heir Presumptive, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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The idea about the significance of the psychological dimension of human behavior is not new and it has existedin the social sciences since long time ago. In accordance with this,this paper attempts to base economic analysis on psychological research, which is manifested in economic theory through the affirmation of behavioral economics. The paper emphasizes the importance of ‘new behavioral economics’, which, on the basis of rejecting the concept of maximizing rationality, opens a new dimension of understanding of the justification of government interference in the sphere of economy and society. In relation to this,the paper discusses the implementation of paternalistic measures and interventions directed toward correcting and reducing numerous cognitive mistakes and psychological anomalies created during the realization of economic decision making.
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Nowadays, knowledge and innovation are the driving factors of market economy, whereby patent, as the legal framework for the protection of innovative activities, has a substantial role. By granting a patent, the patent holder acquires certain competitive advantage arising from this specific legal monopoly. The exclusive rights of the patent holder are guaranteed within the territory of a given state, for which the patent is granted, although the need of trade in goods, services and knowledge, today more than ever before, overreaches national boundaries. The European Union, whose primary goal is the creation of a single market and its preservation, in a special way, faces this challenge too. In this pursuit the protection of inventions by patents is one of the instruments that serve the realization of the said goal. Numerous efforts have been made towards the unification of the patent system in the European Union. The last one resulted in the adoption of the so-called "patent package", a legislative initiative consisting of two Regulations and an international Agreement, laying grounds for the creation of unitary patent protection in the EU, which this paper pays special attention to. Taking into account the circumstances that preceded the adoption of the “patent package”, and the current state concerning its legal effect, an attempt is made in this paper, having analyzed its relevant provisions, to assess whether the “patent package” can answer its primary requirement - the creation of a truly European patent in order to enhance the functioning of the internal market.
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This paper analyzes virtue ethics which, together with deontоlogy and utilitarianism, represents one of the three traditions of normative ethics frequently applied to the area of business ethics. The main part of this paper considers various aspects of virtue ethics – the oldest ethical tradition – both from the theoretical and empirical standpoint. Virtue ethics, which focuses on character (moral) traits of an individual, is becoming an increasingly important social issue in modern society due to more and more common examples of scandals in the business world, including the most developed countries. The major ethical virtues are seen theoretically through the prism of accounting – the area which is not immune to various forms of deviations in business activities. The empirical part of the paper provides the results of the study on the presence of different character traits in the work of the accounting sector employees in a large production system. The research results show that the concept of virtue ethics can be applied to accounting, that is, to the profession of accountant and auditor.
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As far as criminal legislation is concerned, from the terminological point of view regarding the hate crimes, we most often talk about hatred as aggravating circumstance when determining the sentence, in other words crimes are given special and more serious form if committed out of hatred. In criminology the term “hate crimes” is used and these crimes are on the daily agenda of researchers and criminology professors starting from 1980s. On this occasion, without discussing various definitions of this phenomenon, we shall analyze the provision of Article 54a “Special circumstances for determination of sentence for hate crime” of the Criminal Code of Serbia from legal-dogmatic point of view of criminal law, since according to this provision hatred becomes mandatory aggravating circumstance when determining the sentence. First, the author gives a brief review of the most relevant international sources for suppression of hate crimes. Taking a stand with regards to the new provision required also criminal-political estimation on the usefulness of the new incrimination in suppression of hate crimes, but also the consideration of certain legal issues based on which the author offered de lege ferenda suggestions for improving this provision.
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Improvement of business is one of the primary goals of any business entity. One of the basic prerequisites for a successful business is the proper allocation of public resources. In this sense, the public procurement system is an important component in improving the efficiency of public finances, which are of special interest to modern society. This paper discusses the role and importance of the method of multi-criteria analysis for the evaluation of public procurement. The idea for this kind of analysis is the result of research into the possibility of applying different methods of decision making in the modern approach to decision making in the sector of public procurement. The emphasis is placed on those methods that use the alternative ranking. In addition to the theoretical dimension, the paper also presents one method of multi-criteria analysis, the AHP method, applied to empirical data obtained from the Gerontology center “Jelenac” in Aleksinac.
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The subject of this paper is an attempt to highlight and analyze one of the controversial legal institutions of duress normatively, relying on a philological analysis of texts, historical legal, comparative and socio-political. First, the tendency is to present in detail the origin and development of this legal institution in the Roman law, with the necessary emphasis on the socio-political circumstances that led to it. The author tries to point out the relationship of mechanisms of protection against duress in the Roman law, noting the argument that the restitution and statement of claim did not function separately, but that the statement of claim had restitution role. At the same time the dual character is highlighted of duress, in the Roman law as shortcomings of will and private praetorian tort, and in domestic as public law and private law institution.
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The paper deals with general issues of insurance fraud, leading to numerous distortions, from unjust claims augmentation or false presentation of the cause of the insured event, to insurance premium increase on the side of conscientious policyholders in the risk community. The authors analyse fraud as an object of regulation in the criminal law, insurance fraud features, conduct and motive for committing fraud as well as connecting points of fraud with other crimes embracing fraud in its features. The criminal law aspect of the topic chosen has been processed by the application of the comparative method that has enabled insight into the solutions of a number of foreign jurisdictions that could be useful in the Serbian legal system.
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The use of the term lex sportiva in the scientific literature could have been noticed in recent decades. At the first encounter with the term, even those who are not directly acquainted with the legal aspects of sport, get an impression that this is a standard, regular legal term, which also has its Latin name that relates to the matter of sports law. However, the term lex sportiva requires numerous additional explanations. The main reason for the creation and use of a Latin neologism lex sportiva, a phenomenon that could be called a sports law (literal translation), but one has to look outside the sport area. This is the case of drawing analogy and utilizing the popularity of one other social phenomenon that applies the Latin term lex mercatoria. On the wings of lex mercatoria and the theory of legal pluralism, the term lex sportiva made the concept of sports law famous in the scientific world for a very short time. However, the sudden popularity of the term was not accompanied with a deeper analysis of the social phenomena so that the use of term lex sportiva in professional literature is not exclusive. A specific risk arises from the identification of term with its literal translation – sports law, while insisting on its autonomous and transnational character. This way, the attention is drawn away from the public segment of the sports law i.e., norms of national legislation and norms of public international law, which in recent decades have gained in importance in the regulation of the social relations in sports.
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This paper explores the progress some European countries, particularly Serbia and its neighbors, have made in overcoming obstacles for foreign investments and wider application of public-private partnership, such as: inadequate legal framework, underdeveloped market relations reflected in insufficient competitiveness of domestic suppliers, the lack of financial resources and funds, and limited institutional capacities for reforms, strategic planning, and marketing accompanied by a negative image of these countries. Public-private partnership can yield numerous benefits depending on the strategic approach, institutional capacities, and inter-sector cooperation within an economic environment. World markets are faced with financial limitations of national budgets and lack of capital investment funds on the one hand, and vast potential of the private sector on the other hand. Governments are turning to the private sector in order to obtain the necessary capital, resources, and the know-how for the development and functioning of the infrastructure. Public-private partnership is the form of investment and financing which aims to reconcile the existing, legally defined, opposites of the public and private sector without violating their underlying legal principles. Modern economic and legal theory holds that public-private partnership is possibly one of the best models countries can apply to build public infrastructure and provide services in the public sector.
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The importance of talented individuals for economic development has led to a “war for talent” at the global level, which implies a strong attraction and recruitment of talent by the state and companies. The direct consequences of this behaviour are reinforced by demographic trends and changes in the labour market. The main objective of this paper is to identify key talent management activities and to determine the impact of talent management on organisational performance related to services to customers/clients and onemployee motivation and satisfaction through a study that was conducted on a sample of companies from Serbia. The results of the empirical research presented in this paper show that not all talent management activities developto the same extent and that talent management has a positive impact on organisational performance of employees, which affects their motivation and satisfaction. The research results provide clear guidelines for improving talent management activities as well as suggestions for retaining talented workers in the organisation.
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The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of audit firms that are integrated into the audit network to other audit firms. In order to implement a given study, we classified all audit firms in Serbia into the following three groups: the Big Four audit firms, other audit firms integrated into the audit network, and independent audit firms. Business performance of audit firms was measured based on the amount of operating income, net results, and the number of certified auditors. The results suggest that other audit firms that are integrated into the audit network significantly differ from the other two groups in terms of operating income and the number of certified auditors, in the sense that the observed performance of these companies is behind the Big Four audit firms but significantly ahead of the independent audit firms. Comparative analysis of the net profit indicated no significant differences between observed groups.
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This study aimed at examining different forms of violence and victimization among high school students, including relevant factors such as testing period, gender, class and school achivement. The sample included 947 high school students of which 489 were examined in 2013. and 458 in 2014. year. Students were from the second, the third and the fourth class of different high schools from urban city. Peer violence and victimization was measured by Peer Violence and Victimization Questionnaire (PVVQ). Results showed that verbal violence forms are the most dominant in peer violence and victimization interactions. Further, increase of all forms of violence and physical victimization was obtained among younger students. While male students are more prone to direct forms of violence and more suffer from physical violence, in the case of suffer from relational violence gender difference should be consider in the context of school achievement and testing period.
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Cet article traite les traductions de la production romanesque française sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale publiées dans l’espace serbo-croate de la Yougoslavie communiste entre 1945 et 1965. L’objectif est de déterminer, en analysant les circonstances historiques et les traductions existantes de la production romanesque, si et dans quelle mesure les autorités communistes ont contrôlé le champ(concept emprunté à Bourdieu) de la traduction autrement dit ont exercé des blockages (Greenblatt). L’analyse montre que même quand il s'agit de l’évocation littéraire de la lutte antifasciste, certains auteurs français étaient explicitement interdits en Yougoslavie dans les premières années de l’après-guerre, alors que d’autres, plus nombreux, étaient plus discrètement omis des projets éditoriaux en raison de leur attitude «réactionnaire»: de cette manière, les autorités parvenaient à supprimer l’autonomie du champ de la traduction littéraire.
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This paper deals with the issue of opportunism of private actors in Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). The problem of opportunism in the implementation of a PPP project stems from the fact that the parties’ relations are strained by the tension stemming from their conflicting interests. The organizational structure and the modus operandi of a public actor are aimed at accomplishing and promoting a general (public) interest. The aim of a private actor is to make a profit. This paper analyzes the reasons for the opportunism of a private actor in a public-private partnership, with emphasis on the “hold-up” problem imposed on the public actor. In particular, thehold-up problem is reflected in the fact that a public actor has to agree with the changes proposed in the PPP agreement by a private partner. This agreement is based on the fact that a public partner has no actual opportunity to protect the “initial agreement” contained in the original contract. The author proposes that the problem of opportunism shall be resolved ex ante by introducing relevant clauses in the PPP agreement. These clauses shall oblige the private partner to pay the price for their opportunistic behaviour. Therefore, the proposed methodology has a pre-emptive effect on the possible opportunism of a private actor.
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Passenger traffic between Serbia and Bulgaria operates through six border crossing points, one of which is rail. Not so long ago, there were more border crossing points between the two countries, fluctuations of the local population were far greater, but the depopulation of the border area between Serbia and Bulgaria over time resulted in the need to close these crossing points. Dynamic political events on the Balkan Peninsula during the 20th and 21st century have made the border crossing points to be separation points rather than meeting points of the two nations. Besides depopulation, the border area is characterized by extreme economic underdevelopment. The border area of Southeast Serbia in contemporary development plans is commonly recognized as an area suitable for tourism development, where the transit position plays one of the most important roles.
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