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The Mythological Body as an Expression of the Misfit in „Peer Gynt”. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the corporeal topos of the misfit, as it is configured in the New Materialism Theory, by focusing on Henrik Ibsen’s play Peer Gynt. Therefore, the study sets forward the concept of „mythological body” and will focus neither on the interpretation of the archetypes, nor on the identification of the mythological patterns in Ibsen’s play, but on the way in which the characters, as particular shapes of the mythological models, experience the misfit.
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Psychomechanics perspectives on noun class markers in Tagbana: insights into the systematic operation of the systems. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that the noun-class markers k, l, m, p, t, and w in Tagbana represent a set of three coherent microsystems: a) the microsystem w / k representing the animate versus inanimate views; b) the microsystem m / l representing the continuate versus discontinuate views; c) the microsystem t / p representing the internal versus external plural views. The fundamental objective underlying the whole enterprise consists in highlighting Guillaume’s idea according to which language represents a coherent system (cf. Guillaume 1991: 4).
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The Genitive case in relation to the notion of definiteness in English, French and Arabic. Following the contrastive approach and considering the "dynamism of the system" implicated by Guillaume, the genitive construction in the three languages (English, French and Arabic) intersects with the notion of definiteness. Indeed, the genitive case cannot be realized without the use of the system of the article on one hand and on the other, the process of incidence taking place between the possessed or “annexed” and the possessor “annexer” tends to define the nature of definiteness achieved. All these cases are the highlights of this paper.
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The Ontological Revelation and “Immediate Unreality”. In the novel Adventures in Immediate Unreality (Întâmplări în irealitatea imediată, 1936), Max Blecher transpose a hallucinating inner tension of human being, due to the uncertainty of life that determines the split Identity (between consciousness and body) and dissolution of reality. Subject exists between mediated reality and "immediate unreality" which can be achieved by artificial, dream and imagination. But it fails to "stay" in surreality, always returning in the tangible world, so there is no redemption for the blecherian Ego.
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What psycho-mechanic perspectives for a diachronic comparative systemic of Romance Languages? In this paper, we propose to analyze the evolution of the Romance languages by relying on a systemic approach. This approach takes into account the dynamic relationships that systems have each other and at the same time changing over time. The comparative perspective reveals new facts and allows to highlight the systemic coherence of each language, even in their difference.
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The Meaning of the Infinitive in English and French: Questions Raised by a Contrastive Study. Psychomechanics offers essentially the same definition of the meaning of the verb form called “infinitive” in the verb system of both English and French, that of evoking a completely virtual event corresponding to a systematic position of the verb situated entirely on the non-realized side of the dividing-line separating non-realized events from realized ones. This contrastive study of English and French demonstrates that neither the French nor the English infinitive corresponds to a prior position in relation to the event that they denote. Moreover, it is shown that the term “infinitive” does not mean the same thing in French and English, which leads to the formulation of a cautionary warning regarding taking abstract grammatical terminology as indicative of the semantic content of the forms to which it is applied.
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Some Considerations on Animals Viewed by French Travellers in Romanian Principalities in the 19th Century. This paper aims at showing the French travellers’ perception of animals. Indeed, in the 19th century, many of them passed by areas inhabited by Romanians and described, amongst other things, animals. Thus we will point out the different ways of seeing animals used by those travellers : some of them only view animal as a product while others deem it worthy of attention and study it. This dichotomy between an utilitaristic vision and a scientific one will be central to this essay. Furthermore we also can find a few topoi in these travel journals, which indicates that authors consulted each other and included some of those motifs in their own books.
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A Case of Import Case? raises the problem of the case in French of the substantive in uses like café crème, saveurs campus and choucroute maison. How should the postposed nominal be analysed? Far more frequent in English (eg. bus station, system analysis), this attributive use is here analysed from the point of view proposed by Valin, based on Guillaume: case is represented as a potential, synthetic case, in the substantive as constructed in tongue but it is not actualised as either support case or import case until the word becomes a syntactic unit, a noun phrase attributive to the following substantive. Bus and system in these examples give the noun phrase its import case. Can these postposed substantives in French be analysed in the same manner?
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Phylogeny of Language, Migrations out of Africa, and Language Classification. From Guillaume’s 1958-1960 lectures on his three area theory I will move to Teyssier’s language phylogeny and his three articulations, then to the migrations out of Africa, the three regions they occupied and the three families of languages they spoke: Semitic, isolating and agglutinative / synthetic-analytical languages, respectively built on the first, second and third phylogenic articulations. Each migration must have left Africa when language there had reached the concerned articulation. We have to re-evaluate Guillaume’s theory accordingly.
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The notion of area and the function of the article. Gustave Guillaume proposed a linguistic theory that classified languages into three groups according to the space or area attibuted to the word in its transition from language to discourse. We will attempt to better understand the importance given by Guillaume to the idea of area by comparing the French article and the Bantu classifier. The article intervenes during the noun's transition from language to discourse. The use of the article infers two movements. The first is horizontal (U1→1S2→U2), and the second vertical (interception of the first motion). The problem that interests us is the construction of the area within which the article functions.
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Mimetic rivalry in the prose Tristan: reflections on Kahedin. This textual giant that combines the Tristan legend, the Grail legend and the Arthurian world, is also one of the first novels of its time to manifest a literary self-awareness unknown to previous Arthurian texts. Self-awareness is acquired by means of a critical perspective regarding the chivalrous ideals traditionally praised by the Arthurian texts. This article focuses on a particularly strange and complex character, Kahedin. One of the few characters in medieval literature to commit suicide, he is contaminated by mimetic rivalry. Kahedin is not only a victim of his own desire, but also the barer of an innovative auto-referential discourse.
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Contrastive approach to French / French Sign Language: empiricism or psychomechanics. The peculiarity of manual sign language signifiers is such that interested authors often assess the linguistic facts based on the impact they have on their own person. This methodological empiricism is coupled with judgmental subjectivity. I will briefly review the work of these ‘impressionistic’ scholars; I will then try to show that Guillaume’s psychomechanics, in allowing to go back from the effect to the cause and explain the linguistic process involved beyond appearances is very useful for research. If need be, this extension of psychomechanics to non-vocal languages demonstrates the scope of Guillaume’s views.
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Similarity in Tongue, dissimilarity in Discourse: locative inversion in French and in English. This paper deals with the English translation of locative inversions in Robbe-Grillet’s novel La Jalousie. Both languages have at their disposal in Tongue the same construction called locative inversion. It is no surprise then if the majority of the French locative inversions are translated by locative inversions in English (33 cases out of 47). However, the translator resorted to different sentence patterns in 14 cases and, conversely, he introduced 10 extra cases of locative inversions where the French text had none. These variations are tentatively justified in this paper and the relevance of contrastive analysis is emphasized.
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