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The aim of the article was to analyze the results of a survey conducted among students. The survey concerned the assessment of contemporary education by young people between 12 and 17 years of age. Detailed answers of the respondents to twenty-eight questions made it possible to establish the attitude of students to science, teachers, school, and to create the image of the student and the teacher.
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The aim of the article is to raise the issue of educational coaching and its use during Polish language lessons in a secondary school. The author explains the concept of coaching and presents its genesis. It lists the characteristics of a good coach, paying attention to the competences of a modern teacher. It also presents exemplary coaching methods and techniques that he uses in the work of a Polish language teacher.
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The aim of the article is to discuss methodological and didactic issues related to the foreign language classes conducted remotely and to show the potential that lies in the use of Internet tools in online foreign language teaching. The main question that guides the considerations here relates to the effectiveness of learning through online platforms and applications. The author analyses the specifics of online classes and points out what to pay special attention to while conducting them.
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Apart from inherently associated with Fyodor Dostoyevsky ‘calculated’ egoistic, fatalistic and escapist suicides became one of the major themes in the writer’s work. The article attempts to analyze the image of the title character of the story titled "Potulna", which combines the features of both types of suicidal death. The starting point for the analysis is the writer’s belief that the suicide is situated in the center of the “suicidogenic space”, understood as the whole of dynamically growing circumstances and conditions that, extended in time, determine the final solution. The true meaning of suicide is constituted through the process of cognition, and the final act itself is the tragic culmination of a tangle of interrelated factors.
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The text addresses the process of making decisions about taking one’s own life, depending on whether it is a decision made individually or influenced by the behaviour of the community. The examples given are the suicides of nineteenth-century Russian skoptsy, whose decisions were made not only under the pressure of time, but also thanks to a charismatic leader. On the other hand, the author presents the thoughts expressed by Venedikt Yerofeyev, who describes in an accurate and literary manner his feelings related to making decisions about death. What is the function of time in making the final decision? Is suicide always related to loneliness? And finally, can the idea of taking one’s own life be a result of imitation? The author of the essay tries to answer these and several other questions, which not only concerns the decision-making process to take one’s own life, but above all points to the importance of time in it.
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In the text, I ask a question about the status of realism in 19th-century realistic literature in a situation where it is subjected to various social or moral taboos, as well as to political and patriotic censorship. In this theoretical circle, I try to include the problem of representing suicide in those texts, adding to it the parameter of biopolitics.
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The present paper approaches the self-destruction mechanisms in Thomas Bernhard’s prose works – at the level of the construction of characters, language and the image of the disintegrating world and objects. The protagonists stay in places of extreme isolation, which is both a prison and a salvation, and they put their own destruction (die Selbstzerstörung) under obsessive control. The existence of these disturbances (die Störungen) in the analyzed texts has a psychological but also a historiosophical basis.
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Culture in Poland is the „ground” and all highest values are grounded in it, which was testified by a number of historical events. First of all, it is over one hundred and twenty years of geographical and political non-existence the Poles endured thanks to the highest culture, thanks to the works of the world’s greatest poets. Polish Poets are the greatest of the greatest and – therefore – completely untranslatable, which means – peculiar and national. They are extremly important for us, Poles, and urgently needed, indispensable. At the same time, Polish poetry has always bordered on self-destruction. The Holy Trinity „God, Honor, Homeland” demanded from poetry to be a victim (Polish Romanticism). Let’s wish her another hundred years!
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Polish nationality was dominant among the inhabitants of Poznań during the interwar period. Moreover, the German, Jewish and Ukrainian populations belonged to the national minorities. Research has shown that the share of suicides of national minorities in Poznań amounted to 7.7 percent. 40 people of German nationality, 13 people of Jewish nationality and 10 people of Ukrainian nationality committed suicide. The research obtained information on gender, age, marital status, profession and methods of committing suicide by representatives of national minorities in Poznań.
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This article investigates the issue of high suicide rates among females in the Middle East. The paper explains the specificity of the region mainly on the example of Turkey, which is the best described and researched country of the Middle East. The work describes the influence of various cultural and social factors, as well as the role of traditional values, in the context of self-destructive behaviour. The article additionally analyses films and works of literature, which endeavour to discuss the issues of women living in an oppressive, patriarchal society. Finally, the author describes the causes, methods of suicide and ways of preventing them.
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The subject of the article is contemporary curses/swear words in the form of schematic formulas, which in fact are also self-destructive desires (e.g. niech mnie drzwi ścisną). The aim of the considerations is to present the results of observations of contemporary linguistic customs in the use of wishful self-destructive formulas and to discuss the most important changes within the Polish custom of cursing oneself, taking into account the original, magical function of curses and the sphere of the sacred.
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Adopting a suicidological perspective, the author analyses one of the recent Polish pop-culture phenomena – “Ranczo” – a comedy series directed by Wojciech Adamczyk. He describes the ways of presenting several types of self-destructive behaviors, but focuses on the scenes of suicidal attempts and their classification and comparison. Taking historical context into account enables the author to explain particular esthetic and fabular choices. Finally, he explores ethical implications of creating a specific image of suicide in “Ranczo”.
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Mata is one of the most popular rappers in Poland and a voice of young Polish upper classes. This article describes his history and characterizes his work, analyzing his songs in order to find the main self-destructive behaviours and reasons for them in Mata’s discourse. The author lists two main types of behaviour – suicide ideation with suicide attempts and extensive use of psychoactive substances – and two main reasons, which are the family relations and the hegemonic pressure to be productive. He also interprets Mata’s works as a proposal to form of a social class alternative to the contemporary intelligentsia, that is: patointelligentsia, which, by its critical approach towards contemporary cultural-political hegemony would be able to lead to the dialogue and improvement of the situation of the youth.
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The author analyses the problem of suicide death among homeless people in Poland. Since there is little research concerning this particular problem in Poland, she focuses on the case of Grzegorz Laskowski, a homeless man who committed suicide in 2014. By analysing his blog entries, she tries to find the reasons which could have pushed him to the decision to commit suicide. This particular case is only a starting point for further considerations regarding possible risk factors in homelessness. Laskowski’s blog provides us with a unique insight into a homeless man’s perspective on suicide.
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The article’s aim is to inquire whether the halny wind affects suicidal behaviours in Tatra County. It analyses the region’s literature on the wind and its influence on the community; documentary and feature films depicting life in Zakopane; research on the correlation between the foehn winds and suicides; a survey conducted for this purpose; and interviews conducted with the people of Zakopane. The outcome of this analysis is an observation of reconceptualization of the halny and its legend as a pretext for avoidance of both further discourse about it and design of preventive programs.
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With the growing interest in the suicide phenomenon, more and more information on intervention and social education has emerged over the past decades. A fuller understanding of the topic of self-destruction along with helping people in a suicidal crisis and their relatives may contribute to reducing the number of sudden deaths. Through a review of research and specialist literature, the work explains the phenomenon of suicide survivors and presents how suicide affects people in the suicide’s environment. Moreover, it distinguishes needs of suicide-bereaved families. It also emphasizes what forms of help may be effective for people who come into contact with suicide and deal with grief as a result of it.
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This paper deals with the issue of the knowledge of America in Poland in the 16th century. The current state of research in this field is summarised. The findings of researchers who have earlier dealt with this issue are presented. The article discusses texts from the 16th century which include information about America as well as historical collections in which such books were to be found. The last part of the paper is a presentation of the tenth book of Martin Bielski's Chronicle, dedicated to the issue of new geographical discoveries, including America. The article ends with a reflection on the level of knowledge about America in 16th-century Poland.
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In 1548, a funerary exequiae service was held in the Augsburg Cathedral to commemorate Sigismund the Old’s death. The ceremony was attended by Emperor Charles V, his brother Ferdinand as well as princes of the Holy Roman Empire participating in the Imperial diet and members of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The organisers ensured that the event carried an adequate artistic and ideological message by adorning the church interior with funerary apparatuses, especially the so-called castrum doloris. King Sigismund Augustus was also commemorated outside of the Commonwealth, namely in Italy. By the end of August 1572, Pope Gregory XIII celebrated a holy mass for the soul of the late monarch in the Church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli. On 6th of October 1572, Naples saw a funerary ceremony organised by a Polish diplomat, Stanisław Kłodziński, in the Church of Sant’ Anna dei Lombardi. The culmination of the ceremonies held in Italy was the November exequiae celebrated in the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Damaso in Rome, wherein an impressive castrum doloris was erected. The apparatus was depicted in a preserved engraving by Tomasz Treter. The celebration was organised by Alessandro Farnese, Cardinal Protector of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with support of Stanisław Hozjusz and other Poles staying in Rome at the time. The funerary services for the last two Jagiellonian kings held abroad were a means of manifesting the dynasty’s power and pursuing a proactive foreign policy. The desired ideological message was conveyed through fine arts, to mention only the occasional architecture described in the article.
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In his testament, Sigismund II Augustus handed over his accumulated collection of tapestries to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which he perceived as one political body composed of two nations. This article interprets this decision as a kind of a guarantee of the system’s immutability. It sees the attitude of the last Jagiellon as going beyond the framework of his era, unprecedented in the country and even among the rulers of Europe. It can only be compared with the choices of European collectors in that period, for example Ulysses Aldrovandi or Ferdinando Cospi. It is a testimony to the process of gradual handing over art collections to the public and the establishment of the first museums. As the article proves, Sigismund II Augustus as a collector was aware of the material and symbolic value of the works he collected. His actions can be compared with the behaviour of Anna Maria Luisa, the last of the Medici, who also donated the collections of her family to Florence for the benefit of the public. The decisions of both rulers were also influenced by changes in cultural formation. They show the experience of the end of the epoch: the trends of the decline of the Renaissance – mannerism.
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