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The sexual representations and the sexual experiences of individuals are marked by the gender they belong to, which induces social roles and differentiated ideals and determines behaviours, namely those that concern the body and sexuality. The speeches of young people questioned in an ethnological investigation on sexual representations in the Eastern suburb of Paris, denounce the opposition between feminine and masculine values, and show the difference between the representations and behaviours of young males and females. The speeches of young people denote a distinction between the ‘serious girl’, the prostitute and the ‘whore’, which marks a hierarchy of moral values, in relation to their behaviour in general and to their sexual behaviour in particular.
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I will discuss in this article the dynamics of business groups, using the case of architects from three Transylvanian cities (Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara and Brasov with emphasis on Cluj-Napoca). The architecture companies successfully represent the current trends of company organization in dynamic contexts, generated by the market changes, where services become the most important products of large cities. Using a sample of 375 architectural companies from these cities that employ 616 persons, I outline a field model inspired by Bourdieu’s work. My argument is that the large number of actors in the architectural networks from Cluj-Napoca is explained by the different forms of educational, economic, social and politic capital mobilized to create competitive companies and to survive within an instable post-socialist economic environment. Moreover, the internal structure of network organization from Cluj-Napoca is based on the usage of different types of available capital.
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The investigation of migration can help us understand how the types of migration interact with each other as well as with the various local/national ‘immobilities’. Migrants pose special challenges to healthcare systems, in their origin as well as destination countries. Available data on this topic, following EU interests and policies, focuses on health problems of vulnerable migrant groups, often directed exclusively to issues that can affect the local population. This paper aims to set some explanatory contexts when it
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This article analyzes the current state of regional disparities in Romania and their dynamics. An index of social development (IDSL) is proposed and computed for each of the communes and cities of the country. The concept basis of that index is given by the notion of community capital with its human, material and vital components. The configuration of social regional disparities results by aggregating IDSL values by counties, communes of the same county, cities of the same county, historical regions and development regions. Regional disparities are analysed, on the one hand, by aggregated values of that index and, on the other hand, by considering the dynamics of GDP per inhabitant, infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth. The key axes of regional disparities in Romania are related to rural-urban residence, population density, accessibility to service and employment centres, agricultural vs. non-agricultural employment, and network capital of the population. Policy implications of the analysis are introduced by a discussion section at the end of the paper.
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The Romanian population is the most important foreign population in Spain. Romanian migrants are characterized by their large number (about 800.000 residents and 268.000 contract workers) and their rapid growth. The economic and labour motivation for migration determines their geographical distribution, with high numbers of Romanian migrants in cities and in areas of agricultural, industrial and tourist industries. However, a high proportion of Romanian migrants also live in small towns and rural areas. Most of them were already illegal migrants when Romania entered the EU and they became EU citizens. From January 1st 2009, these once illegal migrants now have full freedom of employment in Spain. They adapt to circumstances of each period of time, in order to enter or to remain in the Spanish labour market. Most work in construction and agriculture as well as domestic services, trade, tourism and industries. The current economic crisis and the resulting unemployment have raised the issue of return migration to Romania.Keywords: Spain, Romanian immigration, geographical distribution,
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This article proposes an evolutionary model of collective memory built on the concept of mnemonic revolution. It tries to go beyond the apparently mutual exclusive theories existing in sociological literature by integrating them into a comprehensive conceptualization. The first part of the study begins with the presentation of competing theories of collective memory developed over time. The second step presents the theoretical formula resulting from the adoption of a broader time frame (longue durée). This formula also takes into consideration the introduction of the concepts of mnemonic revolution and mnemonic reform. Mnemonic revolution is defined as a major break occurred in the structure of collective memory, which succeeds in a sociopolitical revolution, whereby the entire representation of the past is abandoned and the social labor of constructing a new retrospective vision of the past is initiated. Mnemonic reform includes the adjustable changes and the superficial reconfiguration through which the general image of the past that is incorporated into the collective memory is slightly calibrated depending on the evolution of the social system. The final part presents in a synthetic manner the way in which I sought the empirical validation of the notions developed in order to capture the dynamics of collective memory.
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For about eight decades, research instruments in the social sciences have been orbiting around Likert’s proposal for his famous response scale. Before him, and also after he managed to impose it, many researchers have tried to find a better solution. This, however, has proven difficult. While solving methodological problems for measuring concepts, by concentrating all the responses in only five categories brings major disadvantages as well: it has extremely low variation, it does not produce metric scores unless combined with similar items, and it cannot be used as such for advanced statistical analysis. In this article, we propose using a continuous response scale as a solution to each of these problems. In our opinion, the possible application of this solution has an extremely high potential to advance social science research methodology.
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Thirteen years after signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement and contrary to the outspread expectations of international community and Bosnia-Herzegovinian politicians and citizens, Bosnia and Herzegovina is still unsustainable as a state. Poverty is the impending phenomenon in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the same degree as Bosnia and Herzegovina’s surviving is uncertain. At the beginning of the process of transition in 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina opened the door of the political labyrinth, and since the Dayton Agreement was signed in 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina opened two doors: a door of economic and a door of religious labyrinth. These days in year 2008, Bosnia and Herzegovina is lost in the labyrinth without even dim indicators on the horizon of the way of exiting it. Such “unexpected” state of Bosnia-Herzegovinian society is the function of mistakes made by domestic and international political and economic decision-makers, and which are based on unsophisticated interpretations of democracy towards which Bosnia and Herzegovina has headed since the beginning of 1990s. In this article, we will try to consider shortly all three sub-labyrinths as well as lessons which (could) help as starting point for finding way out of the labyrinth.
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