Labor Market Effects of Migration: An extension of the Ricardian Model

Author(s): Karen Jacqueline Contreras Lisperguer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One important discussion today is the possible negative effects that immigrants have on the wages of natives. In accordance with the theory of labor demand and supply, people believe that new immigrants could take the jobs of the existing workers. Many researchers have showed that there is little impact of immigration on wages and employment of existing workers as for example for the U.S. and the UK . The model fails to explain job polarization and wage inequality between natives and immigrants. Is it possible to model the effects of migration on wages in a different way that has the potential to be more tractable? Many of the shortcomings of the model can be addressed by using a task-based approach to the effects of migration in the labor market. This paper presents such extension following the Ricardian Skill Model (Autor, Levy, & Murnane, 2003). An analysis, without solving for the equilibrium and keeping capital and technology constants in the short run, gives us the following results: In the presence of migration, there will be a re-assignation of tasks. The wages of local workers will not be necessarily affected, but wage inequality within the labor market should increase.

Leaving or Staying? Migration Motifs of People of Turkish Origin with German Graduation

Author(s): Cemali Sarı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this research project is to examine why highly skilled Turks propose to migrate from Germany to Turkey and whether there are gender-related disparities in migration intentions. The rising migration of highly skilled Turks of the second and third generation has recently paid attention in both, Germany as in Turkey in research, politics, and economy as well as in the media. These highly skilled academics were born and grew up in Germany, enjoyed the education here and leave the country towards Turkey, to reach their career goals there. Fourteen qualitative interviews with highly skilled individuals of Turkish origin of the second and third generation in the Ruhr area (Bochum, Duisburg, Essen and Dortmund) were the foundation of a qualitative study to examine their motives to leave Germany towards Turkey. The results of this research project show that for the majority of the interviewees principally exists an openness to imagine a future life in Turkey. While women predominantly intend to leave Germany for family and partnership reasons, men would primarily migrate to Turkey for professional reasons and for their career. The study comes to the result that not a particular motif, but only the compound of numerous reasons, leads to a motivation for a migration from Germany to Turkey.

Refugee Status Determination Policy and Practice: The Australian Experience

Author(s): Petra Playfair,Adriana Mercado / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

“Migration is an expression of the human aspiration for dignity, safety and a better future. It is part of the social fabric, part of our very make up as a human family.” (Ban Ki-moon) Forced migration is the coerced movement of people from their country of nationality or habitual residence. The phenomenon presents challenges which affect the individual, their receiving communities, and then become a highly-politicalized issue which transcends borders. Although Australia has historically been built on migration flows, its island-nature underpins a national psyche of rigorous border control, clearly contrasting the European situation where flows of people have been a constant theme throughout history. We explore Australia’s approach to dealing with those forced migrants who have arrived by boat without a valid visa (thus, "unauthorized maritime arrivals"), detailing a) the impact of policies and law, b) the practical disorder following certain policy application, c) the financial and human cost, d) the juxtaposition of Australia’s current policy, which acts to deter "unauthorized maritime arrivals" while simultaneously increasing the number of authorized refugee arrivals in response to acknowledged human crises. Finally, we explore the repercussions that arise when a human issue becomes a political tool.

Building or Burning the Bridges? The Determinants of Return Migration Intentions of German-Turk Generations

Author(s): Tolga Tezcan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

What drives German-Turks to return to Turkey? This study attempts to answer this question by investigating the determinants of return migration intention among German-Turks. While German-Turks, invited to work in the booming post-war economy, have always been defined as “guest workers” and expected to return to Turkey eventually, they have preferred to stay in Germany, enjoy increased wealth by earning high wages, and benefits from the German welfare system. But things have changed since 2006, and the net migration number of Turks has now fallen to below zero for the first time. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the multifaceted issue of return migration intentions. I use the most recent “Migration Sample (M1)” of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), which includes 463 respondents who have a Turkish background, to estimate logistic regressions models for return intentions. This study focuses on testing the effects of four domains: (1) economic integration, (2) social and economic ties with Turkey, (3) discrimination, xenophobia, and multiple identities, and (4) generational status. The results indicate that all these domains make a contribution to return decisions.

Nature and Consequences of Migration to Gulf Countries: A Study of Selected Rural Areas of Allahabad District in India

Author(s): Mohammed Taukeer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study of migration in the selected rural areas of Allahabad district of State Uttar Pradesh in India showed that migration is not economic matters but also social and cultural phenomena. Labourers are migrating from origin to transit destination and finally abroad through a well recognised pathway of migration. Social networks system determined to pathways of migration as well as system of economic and non-economic support for migration. Inflow of both individual and collective remittances giving contributed in the socio-economic development of villages as well as migrant households. The impact of migration created to migration based society which led to culture of migration from village to Saudi Arabia via internal migration to city of Mumbai.

Economic Behavior of Albanian Immigrants during the Economic Crisis in Greece

Author(s): Dorina Kalemi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper develops an empirical model to investigate the main determinants of economic behavior of Albanian immigrants in Greece. The aim of this study is to investigate Albanian immigrants’ rate of monthly individual income and their savings in the economic crisis. In addition, the results analyze the remittances that the Albanian immigrants sent to their home country from 2008 to 2011. Also, the results show the expected income of immigrants. The study is based on 371 survey responses from the area of Attica, Greece and they are analysed econometrically using regression techniques. In particular, the empirical results, based on the estimation of regression analysis suggest that economic and consumer variables are significant factors for making them return to their home country. Finally, the empirical analysis showed that the factors affecting the possibility of return to their home country because of the economic crisis, are the participants who believe that they are still paid less than the natives, the participants who have said that their income in the host country is being reduced and the participants who own assets in their home country.

In Searching Law on The Indonesian Diaspora: Lessons Learnt from South Korea and India Experiences

Author(s): Wicaksana Dramanda,Ali Abdurahman,Bilal Dewansyah,Susi Dwi Harijanti / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The existence and movement of diaspora across the world, challenge the existing legal norms on citizenship and migration. The responses from the law-makers from origin countries vary. Most of European, Latin America and African countries adopt dual citizenship law to their diaspora for the different reasons: immigrant integration, maintenance of loyalty to ex-citizen or because the closeness ethnic relation. However, most of countries in Asia-Pacific region - which gain the independence through decolonization process - do not favor dual citizenship towards their diaspora, including Indonesia, mostly because of the ideological perception of citizenship. In this sense, many countries grant the special status or scheme to their diaspora (neither citizens nor residents of the country) as an external quasi-citizenship based on ethnic descent as coined by Bauböck as “ethnizenship.” In Indonesia case, while the rejection of dual citizenship proposal is unavoidable, it leads idea to adopt a kind of ethnizenship status as an alternative regulatory model for Indonesia diaspora. In order to search the suitable and realistic regulatory scheme for Indonesian diaspora, this paper compare experiences from India and South-Korea which adopt a quasi-citizenship for their descendants overseas. The result from this comparison will be considered as a benchmark to develop regulatory model for Indonesian diaspora.

Importing a Labor Force for Catalonian Agriculture. A Case of Human Rights Deprivation in Spain. Sustainability and Successes

Author(s): Olga Achón Rodríguez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to disclose the consequences that the system designed by the Catalonian agricultural union “Unió de Pagesos” to recruit, import and distribute foreign labor produces, a subject deprived of its liberties and fundamental rights. Once the model of family farming was substituted by an industrial agricultural system of production, the agricultural union, with the consent of the State, reinvented itself as a provider of services related with the acquisition of manpower through this system - as we designate the set of practices that materialize the recruitment of foreign workers abroad and their concentration is lodgments controlled by the Union. The State’s migration polity is responsible of the emergence of such a system, and we can trace its origin in the symbiotic relation between the State and the union, whose intereststhe social control of the foreign worker and the just in time delivery of labor- are harmonized in it.

From “Haponesa” to “Issei”: Ethnicized Identities of Okinawan War Brides in Post-War Philippines

Author(s): Johanna Zulueta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper looks at these so-called “war brides” (Sensou hanayome) in the post-war Philippines, and their experiences upon migration to the Philippines in the 1950s to the 1960s. More specifically, I examine how ethnicity has become stigmatized in Philippine society of that time due mainly to wartime experiences. I also explore their how they lived their lives in varied degrees of discrimination, inclusion and exclusion. I particularly use the ascribed ethnic marker “Haponesa” or Japanese woman, in the Filipino vernacular, to illustrate how ethnicity has been stigmatized. I utilize life stories of those women who lived decades of their lives in the Philippines. While several of them choose to go back to Okinawa, many of them made the Philippines their home. Semi-structured interviews were done in 2009 and 2012, both in Okinawa and in the Philippines. I also use data I gathered in late 2011 to 2013, when I was doing on-and-off fieldwork in Okinawa.

Sztuka wideo – od rozproszonej autonomii do rozproszonej wszechobecności. Wprowadzenie do historii i estetyki sztuki wideo

Author(s): Ryszard W. Kluszczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Widzieć więcej. Wideoinstalacje Wojciecha Bruszewskiego

Author(s): Marika Kuźmicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Brak obrazu jako obraz: pamięć medium i gry z toposem pustego płótna w wideomalarstwie

Author(s): Marta Smolińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Medytatywność wideo (Mariny Abramović Portrait with golden mask)

Author(s): Magdalena Długosz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Wideo poza sceną: wizualny teatr Romea Castellucciego

Author(s): Andrzej Pitrus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Machinima. Film? Wideo? Sztuka?

Author(s): Kamil Jędrasiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Zawłaszczone ciała, zawłaszczone obrazy. Uwagi o wykorzystaniu materiału znalezionego w dwóch feministycznych pracach wideo

Author(s): Dagmara Rode / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Uwikłania kamery przemysłowej w performans

Author(s): Jakub Kłeczek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Infermental. Pierwszy międzynarodowy magazyn na kasetach wideo (1981–1991)

Author(s): Tomasz Załuski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Sztuka wideo w twórczości współczesnych artystów kubańskich

Author(s): Marietta Kuźniewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Sztuka radykalnego „pomiędzy” – filmy wideo Adriana Paciego

Author(s): Anna Nacher / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0