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In recent years, witches have been making a comeback in Western culture, particularly in France. In bookshops, books and bestsellers have been proliferating, such as Odile Chabrillac’s Âme de sorcières and its around 50,000 copies sold . On social networks, the phenomenon quickly structured itself around hashtags such as #witchesofinstagram or #witchtok, and dedicated YouTube channels were created. In the general buzz, the term “modern witch” gradually emerged, marking a difference with the notion of “regular witch”.
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The research for contemporary religiosity in Turkey’s province of Tunceli (the former region of Dersim in central eastern Anatolia) and among migrants of Dersim origin living abroad in Turkish or European cities will confront us with a case of reconstruction and aestheticisation of a declining religion as an ancient religion. The present article will briefly describe the development in four steps: First the decline of the traditional religion in Dersim and its replacement by a standardised Alevism. Second, this decline and change led to a growing loss of acceptance among the population of Tunceli and migrants from Dersim abroad. Consequently, a growing number of intellectuals began to search among other religions for a substitution for the lost spirituality and for what might be the “roots” of their lost religion. These newly added spiritual elements were imagined as being part of their “own” former religion, or at least being closely related to it. In particular, young artists and intellectuals developed individual syntheses composed of beliefs and religious practices of different origins. Third, music also became an issue for research and reconstruction. Many musicians from Dersim identified themselves with lost religious traditions and their re-imagination as an ancient religion, rejecting the contemporary standardised Turkish Alevism. Four, eventually, the music, which already was a central part of the religion in Dersim, became aesthetically sophisticated and developed into a kind of artistic music to be presented both on the music market or in serious concerts.
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Motives for starting a family business are an important aspect of any successful entrepreneurship. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, we have a large number of examples of successful family entrepreneurship. When we look at the contemporary literature in economics, we can see that entrepreneurship, startup companies, youth entrepreneurship are quite current topics, but we should not ignore the enormous importance of family businesses on the growth and development of the global economy and the need to analyze them through expert work. A successful family business also depends on the branding of the product itself. For family firms that want to take advantage of the positive perception of the family brand, signaling the status of the family firm to their shareholders is of strategic importance. In this context and in this paper, we will point out the importance of family entrepreneurship, as well as the motives for starting it.
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Accession to the European Union for Bosnia and Herzegovina means improving the life and work of all citizens. The processes and procedures of European integration require adaptation of the institutional framework and legal system in all areas, but also economic development, and more intensive foreign policy action in areas that affect the dynamics of relations between BiH and the EU. In all activities, the active role of all segments of society, especially young people, who have an interest in BiH's membership in the EU, is necessary, given that it will affect all aspects of life. Integrating requires activism and the commitment of everyone in the processes that must make changes in the entire society. All this is possible with the activism and engagement of all social factors and competent, public, private and civil sectors. The European integration process of Bosnia and Herzegovina requires significant reforms in all spheres of life, where a special place should be taken in the preparation of the institutions and administrative bodies of Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to be efficient in performing the tasks that are set. This work has the primary goal of pointing out the importance of foreign policy action in areas that affect the dynamics of relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Union.
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Strategic management is of key importance for the success and sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in today's extremely dynamic and competitive business environment. In this paper, we will explore the importance of strategic management in SMEs, its key components and steps, and how to properly apply strategic management in order for SMEs to achieve competitive advantages and long-term success. We will also look at the process of strategic planning itself, and the relationship between strategic and operational plans. Adequate knowledge and relevant application of strategic management tools contribute significantly to market success, and therefore we place special emphasis in our work on the development of managerial competencies in this area.
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The new role of school management (decentralization) implies the application of new knowledge of management in an educational institution as an innovative organization that continuously learns. School managers, principals, generally do not have adequate knowledge, skills and competences in the field of school or educational management. The lack of such knowledge has a negative impact on the creation and implementation of the school's development plan. Therefore, reforms are necessary, which would create a standard and ensure quality education of school directors and management of all educational institutions and teaching staff, as carriers of the educational process. The role of management in educational institutions of all levels is unquestionable, even though modern forms of leadership based on interpersonal, participatory and transformational leadership models are still not applied.
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The European judicial portal (hereinafter: e-Portal) was established on July 16, 2010, and the European Commission is responsible for its maintenance and updating of information, in accordance with the guidelines of the EU Council. From the day of establishment until today, the member states and the European Commission strongly contribute to the development of the e-Portal, especially through the introduction of new functions and regular updating and addition of new content. The establishment of the European judicial portal makes a great contribution not only to the computerization of the judicial systems of the member states of the European Union, but by providing easier access to information on the legislation of the member states, court practice, as well as various types of national registers, it will facilitate cross-border business between the member states, improve the business climate and internal European market.
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Digital transformation is having a profound and pervasive impact on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around the world. This change is reflected in the way SMEs operate, communicate and create value. In the last few years, digital technologies have developed at an exponential rate, which has enabled SMEs to take various steps to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In this paper, we will analyze in detail how digital transformation affects the efficiency of small and medium enterprises through several key aspects.
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The activity of private protection is considered to be the protection of persons and property that is carried out physically, i.e. physical or technical protection. At the same time, physical protection is carried out by persons who directly protect and secure protected persons and property, without the dominant use of technical means. Today, there is almost no state whose security system does not have a segment whose carriers are private entities as, in an organizational sense, an autonomously existing factor. The most important characteristics of private security companies are the pursuit of profit and trading in the provision of internal security and protection services. Most of these companies are small, focused on crime prevention and public order, as well as private security services in the domestic market. This expert work also points to some of the most important characteristics of private security companies, as well as the important role that these companies play for the safety of society in general.
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Innovation is a key factor for the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in today's dynamic and competitive business environment. In the world of constant economic and financial changes accompanied by constant financial innovations, the extremely rapid development of digital technologies that occur in the conditions of the global financial crisis, as a condition for the growth and development and above all the survival of SMEs, the need to introduce innovations arises. Therefore, in this paper, we will consider the importance of innovation for SMEs, highlight the advantages brought by innovation, the factors that influence the development of innovation, as well as some of the strategies and approaches that SMEs can apply in order to support innovation and achieve competitive advantages. We will also consider the challenges that SMEs face in relation to innovation and suggest guidelines for overcoming these challenges.
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Sadržaj ovog rada treba da ukaže na ostvarivanje novih i savremenih oblika ugrožavanja kako ljudske bezbednosti, tako i međunarodne bezbjednosti u različitim sferama društva. Pojam savremenog ugrožavanja odnosi se na iskorištavanje sistema otvorenih granica, neprilagođenosti državnih i bezbednosnih sistema, slabu efikasnost državnih i međunarodnih institucija, korištenje savremene tehnologije, komunikacije, edukacije, nedovoljnu saradnju organa na nacionalnom, regionalnom i međunarodnom nivou i drugo. U tom pravcu, rad razrađuje pojavne indikatore i nove oblike narušavanja ljudske, nacionalne, pa tako i imeđunarodne bezbjednosti, izazivanjea nestabilnosti i daljih promjena segmenata društva. Kao osnovne razloge narušavanja bezbjednosti ovaj rad definiše društvene izvore ugrožavanja, koji se negativno reflektuju na ljudski faktor, a odnose se na nacionalna, religiozna, profesionalna i lična suprotstavljanja u društvu, društvenu neusaglašenost, razvoj kulture, edukacije, vođenje politike, međunarodne odnose i status subjekata i drugih aspekata. Ukazujući na značaj pojave opasnosti, odnosno izazova, rizika i prijetnji kako po bezbjednost društva, tako i opasnost po bezbjednost međunarodne zajednice, postoji realna procjena da ljudski faktor ima značajnu ulogu u pojavi motivisanosti i sprovođenju pojave novih oblika ugrožavanja bezbjednosti. Novi izazovi, rizici i prijetnje u današnjem savremenom „digitalnom“ dobu ogledaju se u vidu oružane agresije, separatističkih težnji pojedinih nacionalističkih i vjerskih ekstremističkih grupa, protivpravnog i jednostranog proglašenja nezavisnosti određenih teritorija, a koje su u sastavu međunarodno priznatih država, oružanih pobuna, sporova sa upotrebom oružja, novih pojavnih oblika savremenog terorizma, proliferacije oružja za masovno uništenje, nacionalnog i vjerskog ekstremizma, strane obaveštajne djelatnosti, organizovanog kriminaliteta, korupcije, problema ekonomskog razvoja, ugrožavanja energetske bezbjednosti, neravnomjernog privrednog i demografskog razvoja, neriješenih statusa i položaja izbjeglih, prognanih i interno raseljenih lica, nekontrolisanog trošenja prirodnih resursa i ugrožavanja životne sredine, posljedica elementarnih nepogoda i tehničkih i tehnoloških nesreća, kao i ugrožavanje životne sredine i zdravlja građana, opasnosti povezane sa pojavljivanjem i širenjem infektivnih bolesti kod ljudi i zaraza kod životinja, narkomanije, destruktivnog delovanja pojedinih vjerskih sekti i kultova, visokotehnološkog kriminaliteta i ugrožavanja informacionih i telekomunikacionih sistema i globalnog zagrijevanja.
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The state of juvenile crime in Republika Srpska can be viewed based on the data on registered juvenile crime in the official records of the Statistical Office of Republika Srpska, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, courts, prosecutor's offices, and the Ombudsperson for Children. The structure of criminal offenses committed by minors is far simpler than the structure of criminal offenses committed by adults, where property crimes and blood crimes dominate, considering that almost four out of five criminal offenses committed by minors belong to one of these two categories. This paper briefly presents the most important legal acts related to juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Srpska. In addition to the basic legal acts related to the legal status of juvenile offenders, we also explained the criminal sanctions imposed on juvenile offenders and their legal specificities.
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In criminological and penological theory and practice, prisoners who represent a threat or a real source of danger for other prisoners, employees and themselves are considered high-risk. Under danger is understood both the endangering of physical integrity and existence as well as the assumption of escape, destruction of inventory, attacks on visitors and convicts who for any reason pose a risk to the community after serving their sentence. Very often in treatment programs, work with high-risk convicts is based solely on the security aspect, on guarding and preventing escape, self-harm and attacks on another person. It is precisely for this reason and the aim of this paper is to point out the complexity of working with this category of prisoners, as well as the operational procedures that are important during serving a prison sentence.
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Juvenile delinquency occurs in almost all social systems, so there is no country where it does not represent a significant social and legal problem. In terms of its structure and social danger, this form of crime has come close to the crime of adults. Criminal acts committed by minors represent a growing problem in society, not only because of the increase in the number of crimes committed or in the execution of which they participate, but also because of the increased degree of aggressiveness shown when committing criminal acts, as well as because of the frequent commission of serious crimes. The goal of every society is the timely detection, prevention and suppression of any antisocial behavior of minors and at the same time establishing stronger control over minors. In order for society to succeed in this, it is necessary to create preconditions in the field of social policy, legislation, education and justice. The aim of this work is to point out the characteristics of juvenile delinquency in contemporary society through tangential research in this area.
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Although a new law on juvenile offenders was passed in the Republic of Srpska in 2011, nothing major has changed when it comes to the implementation of institutional educational measures. It is justified to work on more intensive prevention of juvenile delinquency, which has been increasingly sought in recent years, but what about those who need resocialization, young people for whom prevention failed or was delayed. The increasing number of juvenile delinquents who return to crime after the completion of educational measures in correctional institutions indicates the insufficient efficiency of the programs implemented in such institutions. Boot camps are an alternative to institutional programs dealing with the resocialization of juvenile offenders. Namely, these are programs that include various activities with mandatory post-institutional programs. In this paper, we will present the basic characteristics of boot camps programs and their role in the resocialization of juvenile offenders in modern society.
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The problem of juvenile delinquency is the subject of interest of numerous scientific disciplines that focus on children, education, deviations in society, etc. We look for the causes of juvenile delinquency in numerous endogenous and exogenous criminogenic factors. In our work, we will deal with the family, i.e. its dysfunctionality, which often represents a risk factor for the development of this deviant phenomenon in young people. The family can be a risky protective factor, but its influence on the development of juvenile delinquency depends on its functionality. Through certain tangential research, we will indicate which family factors and circumstances can negatively affect the development of delinquent behavior among young people.
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During the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus in Bosnia and Herzegovina, individuals and society as a whole faced numerous challenges in the field of preserving both physical and mental health. The focus of protecting citizens from the pandemic was vulnerable and risky categories of the population, primarily the elderly and children. Children and adolescents were at risk, mostly due to social isolation and limited movement. Extraordinary circumstances, limited movement, lack of contact with friends, socializing, free activities, gloomy scenes and other factors that occupied them were risk factors that caused numerous mental problems. Those problems are indicative even today, and the aim of this work is to point out the numerous consequences of this pandemic.
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The dominant form of communication and understanding between people is achieved through speech. Speech development in children is a very complex process that can only be achieved in an environment where people communicate. While listening to the speech of adults, the child learns to speak, passing through different stages of speech development. The influence of biological and social factors is very important for the acquisition of speech. That is, the functioning and maturity of the areas responsible for speech development of the central nervous system, on the one hand, and social factors, on the other hand, the most important of which is the family, i.e. in the first place, the mother and the communication between mother and baby from the first day of life. Speech develops gradually from the earliest age. In this period, the movement of the speech organs matures, phonemic development, cognitive development, and maturation in the field of preverbal communication. The prelinguistic phase of speech development is a period of preparation for the development of speech in children and the acquisition of the language system of the mother tongue. The prelinguistic phase of development is divided into several subphases that all children with typical development go through. The aim of this paper is to present the pre-linguistic phase of children's speech development, and which factors are important during this transition of speech development.
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One of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is the impaired mental health of children and adolescents, as well as other categories of the population. However, in this paper we will base ourselves on the behavioral disorders that were indicative of this vulnerable category, not wanting to diminish the difficulties faced by other categories of the population. Socialization was difficult, and life and daily activities were limited, which had incalculable consequences on the growth and personality formation of children and adolescents. Unfortunately, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic will be seen in this population, but so will the fears and phobias of similar circumstances. That is why it is very important that during their further upbringing and education we pay special attention to their mental health and education on how and in what way they can seek help, if certain symptoms of the disorder are indicated. The socially maladjusted behavior of children and adolescents during the corona virus pandemic is a topic that was not too represented and researched from a scientific point of view, and we will pay more attention to this problem in this paper.
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