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Survey Results: High Degree of Distrust in Political Parties and Government Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

According to a July 2014 research, most citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) do not trust political parties and government institutions at the cantonal, entity and state level, while they trust the police, armed forces and utility companies the most. These are the results of a CATI survey conducted on a representative sample of 1000 respondents from all over the country.

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Rezultati ankete: Visok stepen nepovjerenja u političke partije i institucije vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Prema istraživanju iz jula 2014. godine, većina građana Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH) ne vjeruje političkim partijama i institucijama vlasti na kantonalnom, entitetskim i državnom nivou, dok najviše povjerenja imaju u policiju, vojsku i komunalna preduzeća. Ovo su rezultati CATI ankete provedene na reprezentativnom uzorku od 1000 ispitanika na cijeloj teritoriji BiH.

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A Neglected Standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Proactive Dimension of the Right to Access Information

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): English

The legal framework on the right to access information in Bosnia and Herzegovina does not contain an established duty of public institutions to voluntarily disclose information in their possession relevant to the public, even without a specific request. Such a legal framework deviates significantly from recent international standards in this area, which stipulate that public institutions must not only reply to individual requests, but that they should proactively disclose certain categories of information in the public interest. The concept of proactive transparency is not adequately regulated in such a legal framework, which is reflected, among other things, in the fragmentation and only partial regulation of the duty of proactive disclosure of information in the public interest, as well as in the lack of legal protection of information users. An analysis of regulations relevant to the proactive segment of the right of access to information indicates the necessity of establishing in law minimal standards relating to the content and quality of the publication of information in the public interest.

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Rezultati istraživanja: Dostupnost informacija na službenim web-prezentacijama javnih organa Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Javni organi Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH) ne slijede međunarodne prakse i standarde kada je riječ o objavljivanju informacija od javnog značaja na vlastitim službenim web-prezentacijama. Iako se trenutna praksa objavljivanja informacija ne može u cijelosti ocijeniti kao netransparentna, zabrinjavajući nedostatak transparentnosti javlja se u segmentu koji se tiče informacija o budžetu, operativnih informacija i dijelom informacija o organizacijskoj strukturi institucije. Drugim riječima, ključne informacije o radu institucija BiH još uvijek nisu dostupne javnosti, što upućuje na njihovu “zatvorenost” i nespremnost preuzimanja proaktivne uloge u osiguravanju pristupa informacijama koje se nalaze u njihovom posjedu.

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Proaktivna transparentnost u Bosni i Hercegovini: Od kakofonije ka harmonizaciji

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): Bosnian

This report is the result of research conducted in the period from March to September 2016, which consisted of a review of international standards and practices, an analysis of the legal framework and relevant policies in BiH, interviews with representatives of public institutions at the level of BiH, and two rounds of analysis website of public institutions at the BiH level in order to determine the degree of their proactive transparency. The first round of website analysis was done in May 2016 and included 68 institutions at the BiH level, and the second round was in September of the same year, and included the websites of the 10 best-ranked institutions from the first round of website analysis. The "Standards of proactive transparency in public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina" were used as a basis for the analysis of websites, which will be discussed in more detail in the fourth chapter of this study. After an analysis of the availability of information on websites, interviews were conducted with representatives of public institutions in order to identify factors that contribute to or limit proactive transparency in BiH, and to obtain a comprehensive picture of practices, different approaches, limitations and challenges when it comes to transparency. institution.

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Data as Potential: Towards Open Data Policies in BiH

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

The state and its institutions are the biggest producers, collectors and users of various types of data. Besides personal data, contained in public registers and health records, data of importance to the wider public is also collected, such as data on the state of the environment, economic trends, meteorological and other data. In the past, data of importance to the public was mostly unavailable. In cases where it was available, it was extremely difficult to find and use. Thanks to technological development and the relatively easy and inexpensive opening up of data on the Internet, but also more pronounced public requests for more transparent, accountable and efficient governance, governments worldwide committed to policies of opening data held by public institutions. Examples include websites such as US government’s Data.gov and Usa.gov, or the UK government’s Data.gov.uk and the European Union’s Open Data Portal, all of which provide educational, health, transport, environmental and other data. All of this has led to the rapid growth in use of open public data, in the private and non-government sectors alike. Software applications enable access to data on the Internet or on mobile devices and data is used to improve public services, initiate new commercial projects or enhance transparency of government. Some examples of websites specialized in processing, publishing and further use of open data are OpenSpending.org, which currently holds more than 700 datasets on public spending in 66 countries, or OpenCongress.org which enables monitoring of the work of the US Congress. Although the publication of open public data is a pronounced world trend and the potential of open data has been recognized in the region, such practice has not truly taken hold in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite NGO initiatives to open up public data, public institutions, with a few exceptions, mostly do not allow access to data on the Internet or via mobile technology. In order to prevent BiH seriously falling back in the area of proactive disclosure of such data, which would negatively impact all sectors of society, it is necessary to start a wider public discussion on opening up data held by public institutions. This policy memo aims to contribute to such a discussion.

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Lični podaci u sudskim i tužilačkim aktima: argumenti za i protiv anonimizacije

Author(s): Amra Mehmedić,Emina Ćerimović,Edin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian

Počevši od 2010. godine, u mnogim pravosudnim institucijama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) uvedena je praksa tzv. anonimizacije sudskih odluka i optužnica prije njihovog distribuiranja javnosti . Brojni sudovi i tužilaštva u BiH u optužnicama, presudama i saopćenjima koja se objavljuju na internetu ili distribuiraju javnosti na drugi način sada šti te sve lične podatke pojedinaca uključenih u krivične postupke. No, takva je praksa rezultat simplificirane interpretacije zahtjeva za zaštitom ličnih podataka u kontekstu krivičnih postupaka, u kojima je potrebno šti ti ti i druge vrijednosti , kakve su sloboda pristupa informacijama i javnost suđenja.

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Rezultati ankete: građani ne vjeruju institucijama vlasti i političkim partijama u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Građani Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH) mogu biti razjedinjeni po mnogo osnova, ali su uglavnom saglasni u jednom: velika većina ne vjeruje institucijama vlasti, političkim partijama niti izabranim političkim zvaničnicima. Ubjedljivo najlošije kotiraju političke partije: samo 14,1% građana ima veliko povjerenje ili dosta povjerenja u političke partije dok cijelih 83,9% građana nema previše povjerenja ili uopće nema povjerenja u njih.

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Why Bosnia and Herzegovina Should Join Open Government Partnership

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

Open Government Partnership (OGP) aims to encourage governments worldwide to become more transparent and more accountable to their citizens, “with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of governance, as well as the quality of services that citizens receive.” This multilateral initiative was formally started on September 20, 2011, when the governments of Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, Mexico, Norway, the Philippines, United States of America and United Kingdom endorsed the Open Government Declaration. Meanwhile, the number of states participating in the initiative grew to 60, including all the Western Balkans countries apart from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Kosovo. The initiative is overseen by a Steering Committee, which is comprised of government and civil society representatives.

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Rezultati ankete: Odnos građana Bosne i Hercegovine prema principima Partnerstva za otvorenu vlast

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

“Partnerstvo za otvorenu vlast” (Open Government Partnership - OGP) je multilateralna inicijativa za transparentnost i otvorenost vlasti u kojoj učestvuje 60 zemalja. Iako Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) ispunjava osnovne uslove pristupa ovoj važnoj međunarodnoj inicijativi, vlasti u BiH još uvijek nisu izrazile spremnost da se uključe u “Partnerstvo za otvorenu vlast”, pa je tako BiH jedina zemlja zapadnog Balkana pored Kosova koja nije dio inicijative. U okviru projekta “Zagovaranje za otvorenu vlast: Pravo da znam u Jugoistočnoj Evropi”, Centar za društvena istraživanja Analitika pokreće niz istraživačkih i zagovaračkih aktivnosti kako bi se ova inicijativa promovirala u BiH.

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Continuing Discrimination with Judicial Means: Logical Acrobatics and Absurdities of the Second Instance Decision in the Case of “Two Schools under One Roof”

Author(s): Aleksandra Ivanković-Tamamović / Language(s): English

The concept and practice known under the name of “two schools under one roof,” according to which in certain schools, pupils of different ethnicities attend classes formally within the same school, yet following different, national programs, using different classrooms, sometimes entering the school using different entrances or even different buildings in the process, is one of the paradoxes of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian (BiH) post-war society. Introduced as a temporary solution aimed at facilitating equal treatment for children of different ethnicities, in the regions in which it still survives, the concept has long grown out of the model for easier integration into open segregation, while at the same time, naturally, the greatest damage is suffered by the very children who go to such schools. Limited to perceiving only one, their own identity, discouraged or even prevented from knowing the other and different, that from the opposite end of the schoolyard, street or town, pupils from these schools grow up afraid of assimilation, which in the end leads to the development of individuals who are afraid of the world around them, instead of individuals who live in freedom and who prosper. Sixty years ago, in the famous judgment of Brown v. Board of Education, which abolished racially segregated education in the United States, US Chief Justice Earl Warren said: “In the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

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Nastavak diskriminacije pravosudnim sredstvima: logičke akrobacije i apsurdi drugostepene sudske odluke u predmetu Dvije škole pod jednim krovom

Author(s): Aleksandra Ivanković-Tamamović / Language(s): Bosnian

Koncept i praksa poznati pod nazivom “dvije škole pod jednim krovom”, po kojem u izvjesnim školama učenici različite nacionalnosti nastavu pohađaju u okviru formalno iste škole, ali prateći različite, nacionalne programe, pri tome koristeći različite prostorije, ponekad ulazeći u školu na različite ulaze ili čak i u različite zgrade, jedan je od paradoksa poslijeratnog bosanskohercegovačkog društva. Nastao kao privremeno rješenje usmjereno na omogućavanje jednakog tretmana djeci različitih nacionalnosti, u područjima u kojima je opstao koncept je odavno iz modela za lakšu integraciju prerastao u otvorenu segregaciju, pri čemu, naravno, najveću štetu trpe baš i upravo djeca koja u takve škole idu. Ograničeni na spoznaju samo jednog, sopstvenog identiteta, obeshrabreni ili čak spriječeni da upoznaju drugo i drugačije, sa drugog kraja školskog dvorišta, ulice ili grada, učenici ovih škola odrastaju u strahu od asimilacije, što u konačnici dovodi do razvoja individua koje se boje svijeta oko sebe, umjesto da u njemu žive u slobodi i da prosperiraju. Earl Warren, predsjednik Vrhovnog suda Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, još prije šezdeset godina, u čuvenoj presudi Brown protiv Odbora obrazovanja, kojom je ukinuto rasno segregirano obrazovanje u SAD-u, kazao je: “U oblasti javnog obrazovanja nema mjesta za doktrinu ‘odvojeni ali ravnopravni’. Odvojeni obrazovni sistemi su u srži neravnopravni”.

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A City’s Decline: Towards the Prevention of Deterioration of Public Spaces in Sarajevo Neighborhoods

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): English

The visible decline of public spaces in urban neighborhoods in Sarajevo is a result of a number of factors, including an imprecise normative framework and a lack of standards for certain communal services, as well as insufficient mechanisms of control of the delivery and quality of services in the areas of communal cleanliness and the maintenance of public areas. In addition, there are a number of obvious obstacles to the sanctioning of offences of littering, damaging or destroying urban spaces. Moreover, mechanisms of communication between responsible institutions and the residents of Sarajevo are wanting. This policy brief provides recommendations that aim to improve the current regulation and practice in order to prevent further physical deterioration of public spaces. It is primarily intended for the representatives of cantonal and local authorities in Sarajevo.

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Degradacija grada: ka sprečavanju propadanja javnih prostora u sarajevskim naseljima

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Očigledno propadanje javnih prostora u urbanim naseljima u Sarajevu rezultat je niza faktora, uključujući neprecizan normativni okvir i nedostatak standarda za pojedine komunalne djelatnosti , te nedovoljne mehanizme kontrole isporuke i kvaliteta usluga u oblasti ma komunalne čistoće i održavanja javnih površina. Također, evidentan je i niz prepreka sankcioniranju prekršaja koji se odnose na onečišćenje i uništavanje urbanih prostora, kao i neadekvatni mehanizmi komunikacije između nadležnih institucija i stanovnika Sarajeva. Ovaj sažetak nudi preporuke usmjerene na unapređenje aktualne regulative i prakse kako ne bi došlo do daljnje fizičke deterioracije javnih prostora, a prvenstveno je namijenjen predstavnicima kantonalne i lokalne vlasti u Sarajevu.

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From Collection to Prevention - Preconditions for Comprehensive Gathering of Information on Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović,Dženana Hrlović / Language(s): English

The adoption of the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination (hereinafter LPD) in July 2009, was a milestone in the efforts to ensure the right of each individual in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) to the protection from discrimination. The institutional framework for the protection against discrimination was defined through the appointment of the Institution of the Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH as the central institution for the protection against discrimination and the appointment of the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of BiH as the central institution responsible for monitoring the implementation of the LPD. The LPD provisions provide for important protection mechanisms and activities aimed at the prevention and elimination of discrimination in BiH. The protection mechanisms defined under this Law are the discrimination lawsuits and the proceedings in response to the complaints lodged with the Institution of Ombudsman of BiH. The effectiveness of protection mechanisms in discrimination cases before the Ombudsman is further enhanced by the introduction of a minor offence liability for the failure to act upon Ombudsman’s recommendation in a concrete case. In addition, the Law provides for an important obligation of the competent state bodies to collect, consolidate and analyse data on discrimination cases. The activities of collecting and analysing data on discrimination are recognised as one of the key measures undertaken by governments in fighting discrimination. However, collecting data in this field is a complex task for which the best modalities are yet to be found. There is no universally accepted model for the collection of such data and the methodology used differs between countries. In addition, there are certain dilemmas as to whether the collection of this data is justified with regards to ethical issues (for example, allegations that discrimination data itself reinforces prejudices and discrimination patterns), financial implications, and privacy protection concerns. However, the multiple benefits of reliable data on discrimination, particularly in the context of strengthening the measures and policies against discrimination, clearly indicate that the collection of data on discrimination requires special attention. Currently, the data on discrimination in BiH is collected in a fragmented manner, on an ad hoc basis, and the LPD provisions that regulate this matter are implemented with delay. The Rulebook on Methods of Collecting Data on Cases of Discrimination in BiH (hereinafter the Rulebook), which was supposed to be adopted within 90 days after the Law enters into force, was adopted almost four years later – at the beginning of April 2013. In addition, the central database on discrimination cases (the central database) has not been established yet, and the above-mentioned Rulebook stipulates its establishment only by the end of 2013. It is clear that an effective fight against discrimination requires both, the adoption of appropriate legal and institutional framework, as well as taking concrete steps in order to ensure its implementation. In this regard, taking into account the current legal framework in this field, this study attempts to answer the questions as to what are the key difficulties that the competent institutions face in collecting data on discrimination in BiH and what needs to be done to overcome them? The goal of this study is to provide recommendations for a better, more comprehensive, and consistent data collection on discrimination in BiH. In seeking to address the key research questions, first, the relevant literature on the subject of the collection of data on discrimination was reviewed. Then, the LPD, the Rulebook on Methods of Collecting Data on Cases of Discrimination in BiH, other national legislation relevant to this subject matter, legislation of other countries, including international documents related to the collection of data on discrimination, were analysed. Also, the system of data collection on discrimination cases in BiH was examined, as provided for in the LPD, i.e. the manner in which the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of BiH, The Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH and other stakeholders interpret the relevant provisions of the LPD and their own obligations as prescribed by law. In addition, in order to compare the BiH system of data collection with the best comparative practices, an analysis of current and planned activities of the key BiH players in this field was undertaken. Due to the lack of secondary data on this subject matter in BiH, a total of 14 interviews with the key stakeholders, including the representatives of institutions responsible for the implementation of the LPD, were conducted. Finally, with the aim of identifying good practices and possible solutions to the identified problems, a comparative analysis of the experiences of the countries in the region and the European Union (EU) in the collection of data on discrimination was also conducted. The above-described goal of the study also largely determines its structure. The first part of the study elaborates on the importance of data collection in fighting discrimination. The second part of the study deals with the type of data on discrimination that should be collected, focusing on the comparative experiences and the legal framework for the collection of discrimination data in BiH. The following section attempts to answer the question as to who collects data on discrimination. In addition, this section aims to identify some of the basic preconditions for successful collection of data on discrimination. The fifth section of the study aims to identify the methods for the collection of data on discrimination and the sources of such data in the light of international standards and comparative experiences. This section additionally provides an overview of the sources of data in BiH. Given the complex ethical issues inevitably arising in the collection of such, usually sensitive, data, the subsequent section seeks to address the privacy protection concerns in data collection, followed by the section that deals with the issue of access and availability of the collected data. Finally, an overview and analysis of the current situation in this field in BiH, as well as the experiences of other countries, served as a useful framework for proposing recommendations in order to improve the collection of data on discrimination in BiH.

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Od evidencije do prevencije - Pretpostavke za sistemsko prikupljanje informacija o diskriminaciji u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović,Dženana Hrlović / Language(s): Bosnian

Usvajanje Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije (ZZD) u julu 2009. godine predstavlja ključni korak u nastojanju da se u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) osigura pravo svakog pojedinca na slobodu od diskriminacije. Imenovanjem Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava BiH centralnom institucijom za zaštitu od diskriminacije i Ministarstva za ljudska prava i izbjeglice BiH centralnom institucijom odgovornom za nadzor sprovođenja ZZD-a definiran je i institucionalni okvir za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Odredbama ZZD-a su predviđeni važni mehanizmi zaštite i aktivnosti, usmjereni na suzbijanje i ukidanje diskriminacije u BiH. Mehanizmi zaštite predviđeni ovim zakonom su antidiskriminacijski parnični postupci te postupci po žalbi pred Institucijom ombudsmena BiH. U predmetima koji se tiču diskriminacije efektivnost mehanizama zaštite pred Institucijom ombudsmena je dodatno pojačana uvođenjem instituta prekršajne odgovornosti za nepostupanje po preporuci ove institucije u konkretnom predmetu. Osim toga, Zakonom je predviđena i važna obaveza nadležnih državnih tijela i organa da prikupljaju, konsolidiraju i analiziraju podatke o slučajevima diskriminacije. Aktivnosti prikupljanja i analize podataka o diskriminaciji prepoznaju se kao jedna od ključnih mjera države u domenu borbe protiv diskriminacije. Međutim, prikupljanje podataka u ovoj oblasti je složen posao za koji se još uvijek pokušavaju pronaći najbolji modaliteti. Naime, ne postoji općeprihvaćeni model za prikupljanje takvih podataka, pa ni metodologija koja se za te svrhe koristi nije istovjetna u svim zemljama. Također, postoje određene dileme o opravdanosti prikupljanja ovih podataka, poput etičkih pitanja (npr. tvrdnje da podaci o diskriminaciji sami po sebi učvršćuju predrasude i obrasce diskriminacije), finansijskih implikacija ili izazova zaštite privatnosti osoba o kojima se podaci prikupljaju. Ipak, višestruki značaj pouzdanih podataka o diskriminaciji, naročito u kontekstu definiranja antidiskriminacijskih mjera i politika, jasno ukazuje na to da je ovoj problematici potrebno posvetiti posebnu pažnju. Trenutno se u BiH podaci o diskriminaciji prikupljaju fragmentirano, na ad hoc principu, a odredbe ZZD-a koje o tome govore implementiraju se sporo. Pravilnik o načinu prikupljanja podataka o predmetima diskriminacije (Pravilnik) koji je trebao biti sačinjen u roku od 90 dana od dana stupanja Zakona na snagu donesen je gotovo četiri godine kasnije - početkom aprila 2013. godine. Pored toga, još uvijek nije uspostavljena centralna baza podataka o predmetima diskriminacije (centralna baza podataka), a spomenuti pravilnikom je predviđeno da će to biti učinjeno tek do kraja 2013. godine. Jasno je, naime, da za efikasnu borbu protiv diskriminacije nije dovoljno samo usvojiti odgovarajući pravni i institucionalni okvir, nego je potrebno poduzeti konkretne korake kako bi bila osigurana njegova provedba. S tim u vezi, a uzimajući u obzir aktuelni zakonski okvir u ovoj oblasti, ova studija nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje koji su ključni problemi sa kojima se nadležne institucije suočavaju u prikupljanju podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH i šta je potrebno učiniti da se oni prevaziđu? Cilj studije je da ponudi preporuke na temelju kojih bi se stvorili preduvjeti za bolje, sveobuhvatnije i konzistentnije prikupljanje podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH. U potrazi za odgovorom na ključno istraživačko pitanje najprije je obavljen pregled recentne literature o ovoj problematici. Zatim su analizirani ZZD, Pravilnik o načinu prikupljanja podataka o predmetima diskriminacije u BiH te drugi domaći i strani propisi relevantni za ovu tematiku, uključujući i međunarodne dokumente koji se odnose na prikupljanje podataka o diskriminaciji. Treće, ispitan je sistem prikupljanja podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH, predviđen ZZD-om, odnosno način na koji Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice BiH, Institucija ombudsmena BiH ali i drugi relevantni akteri interpretiraju značajne odredbe ZZD-a i vlastite obaveze koje iz njih proizlaze. Pored toga, analizirane su aktuelne i planirane aktivnosti relevantnih aktera u BiH kako bi se utvrdilo koliko je situacija u BiH u ovoj oblasti daleko od najbolje komparativne prakse. Usljed nepostojanja relevantnih informacija iz sekundarnih izvora u ovoj oblasti u bosanskohercegovačkom kontekstu, u tu svrhu je obavljeno ukupno 14 intervjua sa ključnim akterima, uključujući predstavnike institucija nadležnih za implementaciju ZZD-a. Na kraju, a s ciljem utvrđivanja dobrih praksi i mogućih rješenja za identificirane probleme, obavljena je i komparativna analiza iskustava zemalja regije, ali i Evropske unije (EU), u domenu prikupljanja informacija o diskriminaciji. Opisana namjera studije umnogome određuje i njenu strukturu. Prvi dio studije elaborira značaj prikupljanja podataka u borbi protiv diskriminacije. Koje podatke o diskriminaciji je potrebno prikupljati, pitanje je koje tematizira drugi dio studije, fokusirajući se na komparativna iskustva i zakonski okvir za prikupljanje podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH. Naredno poglavlje nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje ko prikuplja podatke o diskriminaciji, nastojeći utvrditi neke od temeljnih uvjeta uspješnog funkcioniranja sistema za prikupljanje podataka o diskriminaciji. Peti dio studije ima za cilj da identificira metode i izvore prikupljanja podataka o diskriminaciji u svjetlu međunarodnih standarda i komparativnih iskustava te ponuditi pregled izvora tih podataka u kontekstu BiH. S obzirom na kompleksna etička pitanja koja se nužno postavljaju prilikom prikupljanja ovakvih, u pravilu osjetljivih podataka, naredna sekcija ima za cilj da se osvrne na problematiku zaštite privatnosti pri prikupljanju podataka. Nakon toga slijedi sekcija koja tematizira pitanje pristupa, odnosno dostupnosti prikupljenih informacija. Konačno, pregled i analiza trenutnog stanja u ovoj oblasti u BiH, kao i iskustva drugih zemalja, poslužili su kao koristan okvir za formuliranje preporuka za unapređenje sistema prikupljanja podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH.

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From Collection to Prevention - Preconditions for Comprehensive Gathering of Information on Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović / Language(s): English

As a result of the adoption of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina in July 2009, all institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) are required to collect and keep records of data on cases of discrimination. According to this law, the institution responsible for monitoring its implementation is the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of BiH. This Ministry is also obliged to coordinate the collection of data and to act as a central repository of data on discrimination in the broader sense. In addition, the Ministry has the responsibility to report on the instances and the scope of discrimination in the country. Almost four years later, numerous provisions of the law in this area have not been realized. As a consequence, it is not possible to map the actual state of discrimination in BiH, which ultimately does not allow for the formulation of adequate policies and activities of protection against discriminatory treatment in BiH, as well as its prevention.

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Od evidencije do prevencije: pretpostavke za sistemsko prikupljanje informacija o diskriminaciji u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović / Language(s): Bosnian

Usvajanjem Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije u julu 2009. godine svim institucijama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) propisana je obaveza prikupljanja i vođenja evidencije podataka o predmetima diskriminacije. Prema ovom zakonu, institucija odgovorna za nadzor nad njegovim sprovođenjem je Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice BiH. Ministarstvo je obavezno i da koordinira aktivnosti prikupljanja podataka te da djeluje kao centralni repozitorij podataka o diskriminaciji u širem smislu. Pored toga, Ministarstvo ima obavezu izvještavanja o pojavama i obimu diskriminacije. No, i skoro četiri godine nakon njegova usvajanja brojne odredbe Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije u ovom domenu ostaju neispunjene. Posljedica toga je nepostojanje uvida u stvarno stanje diskriminacije u društvu, što onemogućuje razvoj i provođenje adekvatnih politika i aktivnosti usmjerenih ka suzbijanju i zaštiti od diskriminatornog postupanja u Bosni i Hercegovini.

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Missing the Rules of Engagement - An Overview of Legal Frameworks for Citizen Participation in Local Decision-Making Processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): English

Citizen participation in local level decision-making processes is not a novelty in the region of former Yugoslavia. The subject had received international attention during the 1970s, when innovative participatory institutions and practices in Yugoslav municipalities were making their way into scholarly texts discussing solutions to the problems of participatory democracy. Yet despite – or maybe because of – the apparent historical legacy of citizen participation in local-level decision-making, current accounts of local-level practices of citizen engagement appear to be wanting. Research conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter: BiH), Croatia and Montenegro, three countries considered in this report, points to weaknesses in the way participatory processes are conducted. Despite variations in practice, the general impression is that citizens are inadequately informed about possibilities for participation and may lack feedback on outcomes of participatory processes; that their ability to influence decision-making is perceived to be questionable; or that local administrations lack capacities and expertise for organizing well-structured participatory events. The motivation of citizens to engage in decision-making appears to be hampered by their perception that chances to do so are limited and that official channels for addressing their problems and needs are absent. Such findings are especially telling considering that citizen participation has become a key word in the jargon of national and local governments, as well as international organizations that have in the past twenty years devoted significant efforts to policy development and capacity building processes in the area of citizen engagement. To date, little attention has been paid to the factors that potentially influence participatory processes and that may help explain the similarities and differences in practice in these three countries since their democratization. Considering an enabling policy environment to be such a factor, this report seeks to inquire whether legal and institutional frameworks for citizen participation in BiH, Croatia, and Montenegro enable or discourage citizen participation in decision-making in local affairs. This factor appears especially important given the substantial effort vested in participation policies and programs by domestic and international actors. At the same time, we recognize the importance of other contextual factors for effective participation, such as the level of democratization, tradition of citizen engagement or the capacities of different actors to encourage participatory practices, but do not examine them at any length in here. This report is a result of research conducted for the project “Effective and sustainable citizen participation” in order to inform the creation of operational documents for citizen participation in local decision-making processes in BiH, Croatia and Montenegro. The ultimate purpose of the report is to provide a systematic overview of legal arrangements for citizen participation in the three countries, so that operational documents could be drafted in such a way as to correspond with the existing legal and institutional frameworks. Besides the needs of the project, the comparison of these three countries is also conceptually and methodologically motivating because they recently were a part of the same legal, political and cultural whole in the joint administrative organization of the former Yugoslavia, but have in the past twenty years had different reform paths, as suggested by their different EU accession prospects. These differences and similarities between countries form an interesting basis for analysis of legal and institutional frameworks for citizen participation, especially having in mind the rather bleak findings on citizen participation in practice. Furthermore, an almost total absence of comparative studies on legal frameworks and institutional practices with respect to citizen participation at the local level in the three countries is an additional reason for providing an overview such as this one. Although its theoretical and explanatory value might be limited by a primarily descriptive approach and methodological limitations (see below, Chapters 2 and 3), this report attempts to offer a sound systematic basis for further studies on this largely neglected topic in the region of Western Balkans. In that respect, the ambition of this text is to provide a broad overview of key characteristics, trends and processes in respect to the evolving legal frameworks and institutional practices for citizen participation in BiH, Croatia and Montenegro, and to point out key issues and questions, rather than to offer explanations and answers. Special emphasis will be placed on correspondence between legal frameworks in the three countries on one side, and relevant international norms and standards, notably those of the Council of Europe, on the other. This report begins with a conceptual framework of citizen participation in Chapter 2, followed by the analytical approach and methodology in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 provides an overview of local governance and a synthesis of results on citizen participation in practice in these three countries to date, and Chapter 5 contains an analysis of the enabling and disabling aspects of the institutional and legal frameworks for citizen participation. The findings of this overview are discussed in the concluding Chapter 6, with recommendations for the institutionalization of local-level citizen participation processes and with suggestions for further inquiry.

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Judicial Protection from Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Analysis of Laws and Practice Based on Initial Cases in This Field

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

In the course of 2011 and 2012, Analitika conducted a research on the key issues regarding the protection of individuals from discrimination, based on the (rather limited) court practice in this area in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The research has shown, inter alia, that courts often misunderstand and incorrectly interpret key novelties in civil proceedings concerning the protection from discrimination, such as shifting the burden of proof on the defendant, and that the legally prescribed urgency of anti-discrimination proceedings is generally not respected. Moreover, some legal provisions, such as the ones setting extremely unfavourable costs of the proceedings for the victims of discrimination giving extremely short deadlines for filing anti-discrimination lawsuits, or determining that the territorial jurisdiction of the court be based on the place of residence of the defendant, and not the plaintiff , are not in accordance with best practice in this area, and as such, present an additional obstacle for the effective litigation against discrimination in BiH.

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