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The author uses the concept of reconciliation processes / reconciliation issues, which is usually used in the environment of churches or in applied theological discourses respectively, in connection with the specific contribution of Christian churches to the historical settlement and reconciliation among the European states and nations after the 2ndWorld War, especially in Central Europe. He analyses and compares in detail the Polish-German and Czech-German issues. While thanks to the important position of the Church (or churches) in the Polish and German societies, these activities (or initiatives) met with a great response as early as the 1960s – and gained a great importance also on the official level of the (West-)German-Polish relations, in the Czechoslovak-(West-)German relations, this factor long remained absent or entirely marginal. But after the political change(s) of 1989 the churches became involved in the shaping of the newly formed bilateral relations between the unified Germany and the succesor states of former Czechoslovakia and greatly contributed to their having a deeper anchorage in Europe. The author backs up in a detailed way the relevance of this phenomenon, especially in Czech-German relations (or generally in church initiatives/activities with a German participation), but less so in the mutual relations (and initiatives) between the Central European churches. On the contrary, the previously highly visible church engagement in the Polish-German case fell off in the 1990s. The Central European churches gradually naturally realized again the advantages and difficulties of their role as a trans-national /non-state actor – and as one of the important players of the so-called public diplomacy. This role culminated in the 1990s in connection with their social and political emancipation in the post-communist states – and at the same time it started to dwindle in importance as a consequence of the secularization processes which accelerated considerably and often a surprisingly during the 1990s (and also in the subsequent years) in this part of Europe.
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Despite a consensus on the benefits of liberal international economic regimes, there are important differences in the perspectives of different actors. This article deals with two ideal types of perspectives on international trade liberalization. The first of them is the liberal perspective, and the second is the perspective of economic nationalism. Differences can be found in a number of aspects. We discuss the perception of comparative advantage, economic growth and its determinants, the logic of absolute or relative gains from the global economy, the causal relationship between the level of economic development and free trade, the issue of competitiveness in the global economy and the problem of existence, and the role of strategic sectors of the economy. If there exist important differences in presumptions, interests and policy preferences between actors, what are the conditions and limits for the perceived compatibility of the defined perspectives? Under which conditions will an individual actor support the progress in the liberalization of world trade and what are the most important risks? How can the past successes in building the liberal economic regimes be interpreted and what are the prospects for the future? This article also attempts to contribute to the discussion of paradigmatic perspectives in the international political economy. Therefore the text confronts the liberal perspective and economic nationalism and discusses some important aspects of these theories.
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The Central Asian region is often interpreted in European discourse as an arena of clashes between the “West” and Russia, particularly over energy resources. The significance of China in the region remains an underrated subject of research. At the same time China is expanding its influence in the region through “soft diplomacy” at the expense of Russia and (above all) other powers interested in local resources. The article analyses the Chinese presence in the region since 1991, emphasizing the first decade of the 21st century. The relations between Central Asia and China are researched from the Central Asian point of view and with a focus on on the politicial, economical (stressing energy factors) and institutional (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) level. In sum, it seems that the growing Chinese influence over the region has its limits as well and that the “Chinese expansion” is overestimated to a large extent.
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Pavel Barša – Ondřej Císař: Anarchie a řád ve světové politice. Kapitoly z teorie mezinárodních vztahů. 1. vydání. Praha: Portál, 2008, 559 stran, ISBN 978-80-7367-094-8 (Jan Jireš) Daniel Joyner (ed.): Non-Proliferation Export Controls: Origins, Challenges, and Proposals for Strengthening. 1st ed. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006, 243 stran, ISBN 978-0-7546- 4460-6 (Ondřej Filipec) Petr Kaniok: Předsednictví Rady EU: Příběh půlstoletí. 1. vydání. Brno: Mezinárodní politologický ústav Masarykovy univerzity, 2008, 173 stran, ISBN 978-80-210-4765-5 (Jan Karlas) Judita Štouračová: Ekonomická diplomacie České republiky. 1. vydání. Praha: Professional Publishing, 2008, 249 stran, ISBN 978-80-86946-71-9 (Jana Peterková) Edgar Wolfrum: Zdařilá demokracie. Dějiny Spolkové republiky Německo od jejích počátků až po dnešek. 1. vydání. Z německého originálu přeložila Lenka Šedová. Brno: Společnost pro odbornou literaturu – Barrister & Principal, 2008, 583 stran, ISBN 978-80-87029-43-5 (Miroslav Šepták)
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Pavel Barša - Strategie marketingu, nikoli rozvoje Jozef Bátora - Cesty k relevantnosti v štúdiu medzinárodných vzťahov Ladislav Cabada - České mezinárodní vztahy jsou lepší, než se samy chtějí vidět Jan Růžička - Dohnat a předehnat? Přestaňme tvořit strategie a začněme tvořit Ondřej Slačálek - Pokus o národní obrození Petr Drulák - Odpověď kritikům
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The article argues for a new strategy for Czech IR research which would stimulate local scholars to produce innovative contributions to the international IR discipline. The strategy is supposed to go beyond the emulation of the Anglo-American IR, which currently prevails and which, despite occasional successes, failed in its goals. It aims at innovative contributions with a maximum utilisation of the Czech domestic conditions which embed the research. The strategy argues that the relations between Czech IR and the international discipline need to be sustained and even strengthened. At the same time, the Czech research should focus on the Czech political experience by examining the political phenomena by which this experience has been constituted and drawing on the traditions of Czech political thought.
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The presented paper describes the first membership of Czechoslovakia in the International Monetary Fund in the post-war period and the circumstances of its expulsion from this institution in 1954. Although Czechoslovakia was one of the founding members of the Bretton-Woods institutions and its relationship with the IMF looked promising at the beginning, the communist political take-over in February 1948 implied substantial change in this development. It was followed by the introduction of a centrally planned economic system and by a shift in the country’s foreign-political orientation toward the East. The reason for Czechoslovakia’s exclusion from the Bretton-Woods institutions was its repeated non-performance of the member state duties according to the Articles of Agreements of the IMF. The main problem was that Czechoslovakia systematically refused to inform the IMF about developments in its economy and consult relevant monetary and economic arrangements with the IMF.
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The contribution contains basic facts on the settlement of the community of Mlynky in Hungary which is inhabited by members of the Slovak ethnic minority. A short description of the dialect spoken by Slovaks living in this municipality is presented.
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The aim of the present article is to examine the spiritual aspects of the orthodox icon, i. e. of byzantine figurative art. Based on the dogmatic formulation (Seventh Ecumenical Council, AD 787, Nicaea) of the nature and significance of the holy images, we will first turn our attention to their aesthetic influence, not from an artistic standpoint, since numerous works have already been written on the subject, but in regards to the category of beauty in terms of theological thought. Second, we will examine the spiritual aspects of the icon, viz. historical, liturgical, dogmatic-canonical and morally edifying. One of the concerns of the discussion will also be the issue of the rightful understanding of the concept of Byzantine art, since Byzantine is oftentimes erroneously perceived as greek, and not as east orthodox, especially by connoisseurs of classic orthodox icons. This misconception will be refuted in what follows below. With this end in view, and in order to make things fully clear, we will carry out a retrospective examination of the development of christian art during the ages since the founding of the church in the first century AD, until the beginning of the Neo-Byzantine period in ecclesiastical art in the 15th century. Attention has also been drawn to bulgarian ecclesiastical art during the National Revival (17-18th century AD), mentioning only a single iconographer – Toma Vishanov-Molera, the founder of the Bansko school of fine arts. We deliberately focus on him alone, since his works illustrate the tendency of all revival iconographers to follow western academic models, which was not well accepted by the conservative bulgarian society of the time. A detailed analysis of the considerable differences between icon and western religious drawing will not be done, since similar expositions are already available to academia, especially those of russian art research experts.
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J. DUDÁŠOVÁ-KRIŠŠÁKOVÁ: Valediction to Imrich Vaško D. KOLLÁR: Congratulation to Docent Gerhard Baláž on his eightieth birthday A. ŠKOVIERA: A report on the international Cyrillo-Methodian conference recently held in Greece J. GLOVŇA: Pohľady do vývinu slovenského jazyka a ľudovej kultúry V. ŽEMBEROVÁ: Cultural memory and interdisciplinary knowledge G. IMRICHOVÁ-ZAHORODNÍKOVÁ: Bulharská a slovenská lexikografia v zjednotenej Európe / Българската и словашката лексикография в обединена Европа V. KOVÁČOVÁ: DUDÁŠOVÁ-KRIŠŠÁKOVÁ, J.: Kapitoly zo slavistiky. II. J. MICHÁLEK: ŽEŇUCHOVÁ, K.: Samuel Cambel na pomedzí vedných disciplín. Zberateľské dielo Samuela Cambela v kontexte výskumu ľudovej prózy na Slovensku P. ŽIGO: ВЕНДИНА, Т. И.: Русские диалекты в общеславянском контексте P. ŽEŇUCH: Major points of the report on the 2009 activities of SAS Ján Stanislav Institute of Slavistics P. ŽEŇUCH: Meeting of the Slovak Committee of Slavists
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Studying of Old Slavonic, Church Slavonic, their genesis, Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic marks, Old Slavonic writing, is the entrance to Slavic but also to studying of individual Slavic languages. Even though we are separated from creation of Slavistic as a science discipline by almost two hundred and fifty years, the scientists keep their attention turning back to those basic Slavistic themes because then we can better understand principles of synchronical and diachronical development of present Slavic languages. Also in new united Europe is Old Slavonic, as first standard Slavic language from 9th century, mark of cultural commonality of Slavs and it is evidence of the fact that Slavic nations had participated largely on cultural development of European nations from dawn of their history.
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The present paper endeavors to survey the historic line of the Byzantine music in the territory of Slovakia of today, focusing on the “dark centuries” – the 10th to 14th centuries. It starts with the introduction of Byzantine culture to the Moravian State in 9th century, and includes the brief description of extant liturgical fragments dated from 10th to 15th centuries. The lack of substantial resources presses us upon relying on the indirect historical references in order to prove the presence of the Eastern faithful in the old Hungarian kingdom during, thus trying to detect marginal information regarding the liturgical chant at least.
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A cultural myth of Slavic world, which, thank to pedagogical and national traditions, almost in an established form had become present in the programmes of Slovak educational institutions, has firmly joined up with a narrow range of generalized information acquired from a historical background, though always with the articulation towards the process of a historical awareness creation of young man. Here belong “the stories” about the Great Moravian Empire, the ruler Svätopluk as well as a wise saying about an internal fraternal fellowship and a wisdom of living, which refers to the narration about the strength hidden in the three sticks. At present, which can be accepted as the stage of a qualitatively oriented penetration of Slovak cultural “heritage” into the awareness of the youngest generation, the returns to Slavic era get nearer to the new content of awareness of the modern Slovak state as well as a well-thought-out interest and asking questions when clarifying avoidable connections about what we today consider “our” Slavic (historical) era.
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Confrontational research of prefixal morphemes of two languages not only explores the extent to which prefixation is being employed as a frequent mode of word production in both of the languages but also it reveals the often different semantic capacity of the formally matching meaning-giving prefixes. The author examines the features of the Bulgarian prefixal morpheme в- (в-) as a word-forming element of prefixed verbs derivation and points to the similarities and differences of its Slovak counterpart, and by doing so she solves, to a certain extent, the equivalence relations among them on a level of lexicographical interpretation. On the basis of common constitutional meaning, the author divides prefixal verbs with the prefix в- (в-) into several groups. She notes that the Bulgarian prefix has a wider semantic range than its Slovak counterpart, simultaneously she reveals the different derivative ability of root words that are associated with it. At the same time the author suggests possible solutions of the above mentioned assymetry on a lexicographical level.
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