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U radu je dat pregled dosadašnje historiografi je koja se direktno ili indirektno bavi pitanjem historije Tuzle u osmanskom periodu. Ukazano je i na različite izvore koji su značajni za proučavanje Tuzle u vrijeme Osmanlija.Historiografija je prikazana kroz tri tematske cjeline. Jedan dio se odnosi na literaturu i izvore koji govore o političkim prilikama u Tuzli tokom osmanske vladavine, drugi na kulturna, obrazovna i vjerska pitanja i treći je historiografi ja o procesu razvoja Tuzle. Za svako navedeno pitanje, autor je dao ocjenu stepena istraženosti te probleme sa kojima su se historičari susretali u istraživanju. Nedovoljni sistemski poticaj istraživanja historije Bosne i Hercegovine predstavlja glavnu prepreku daljeg razvoja historiografije, čime je nova spoznaja o historiji Tuzle svedena na uske okvire.
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U ovom radu pažnja će biti posvećena znanstvenom djelovanju i lingvističkim doprinosima jednog od najvećih južnoslavenskih i europskih slavista, Vatroslavu Jagiću. Osobita pozornost usmjerena je na njegova filološka istraživanja koja predstavljaju zavidan doprinos južnoslavenskoj slavistici. Rad je teorijski usmjeren, a metodologija istraživanja zasnovana je na proučavanju dostupneliterature o slavističkim i lingvističkim istraživanjima Vatroslava Jagića. Cilj istraživanja je zasnovan na pokušaju ukazivanja na važnost filoloških proučavanja, koja gotovo uvijek ukazuju na sam jezik, njegovu ‘’prošlost” i evoluciju koja je evidentna upravo u literarnim sadržajima. Prikupljanje, sortiranje, selekcija i objavljivanje staroslavenskih spomenika, te kasnije narodnih umnotvorina, Vatroslava Jagića čine jednim od najvećih filologa u oblasti slavistike i jednim od najvećih hrvatskih jezikoslovaca.
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This paper examines representations of Africa and Africans in Joan Baxter’s short story collection "Strangers Are Like Children". Baxter’s short stories are about Africa, not of it. Baxter’s keen personal interest coupled with her work as a journalist prompted her to investigate and write about Africa that surrounds her. As a result, Joan Baxter succeeds in presenting African and expatriate characters who come off the page as vibrant, believable individuals living in an equally vibrant and believable place. Her first short story collection, "Strangers Are Like Children: Stories of Africa" (1996) consists of fifteen stories which wrestle with the prickly issues of sexism, political embroilment, juju and supernatural beliefs, and other pressing West African considerations. Baxter sees the failings of white culture as surely as she detects flaws in West African customs. She writes as an involved member of her West African community, not set apart from it. The commitment she shows for the causes of these West African people, especially of West African women, is commendable in its readjustment of old paradigms. Baxter does not simply demonize African Others, nor keep herself distant from them. Baxter, through her short stories, has come to understand herself better through the African Other.
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In the paper the authoresses expose ideas, purpose, outcome and content of new elective subject under the title Medicine, sport, bioethics at the second year of integrated studies of medicine at the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade. The subject is accredited in 2013./2014. and it is proposed by the teachers of the Department of Humanities Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade. Authoresses underline that the subject is, beside to the existing elective courses within the Department of Humanities, another important segment of bioethics education that since 2004. been conducted at the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade.
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The existing literature on the theoretical relationship between the rate of inflation and real stock prices in an economy has shown varied predictions about the long run effects of inflation on real stock prices. In this paper, we present some time series evidence on this issue using South African data, by applying the structural bivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology proposed by King and Watson (1997). Our empirical results provide considerable support of the view that, in the long run real stock prices are invariant to permanent changes in the rate of inflation. The impulse responses reveal a positive real stock price response to a permanent inflation shock in the long run, indicating that any deviations in short run real stock prices will be corrected towards the long run value. It is therefore concluded that inflation does not lower the real value of stocks in South Africa, at least in the long run.
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The purpose of this study is to develop and test a conceptual model that examines job embeddedness as a partial mediator of the impact of management commitment to service quality on service recovery performance and extra-role customer service. Training, empowerment, and rewards are regarded as the three important indicators of management commitment to service quality. Data were obtained from a sample of fulltime frontline hotel employees with a time lag of one week in Romania. The results reveal that training, empowerment, and rewards are positively related to job embeddedness. As hypothesized, empowerment, rewards, and job embeddedness enhance service recovery performance, while training and empowerment increase extra-role customer service. The results further demonstrate that job embeddedness acts as a partial mediator of the effects of empowerment and rewards on service recovery performance. Implications of the results are discussed and future research directions are offered.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze whether some of the empirical implications of the financial growth cycle hold in a sample of Spanish SMEs. We use a sample of 5,944 observations for the year 2007 and test several hypotheses using MANOVA analysis. The results show that companies tend to have different financing structures depending on their age and size. Hypotheses about trade credit, short term debt and risk are confirmed with respect to age, as the younger companies tend to use proportionally more trade credit and short term debt, and are riskier. Size is also associated in the expected way with trade credit, relative trade credit and relative short-term financial debt. On the other hand hypotheses about equity and the financing deficit are not confirmed. The effect of a pecking order behaviour over a long period of time may provide an explanation of why these two hypotheses are not confirmed.
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The study investigates how market and technological changes in an organization's business environment moderate the relationships between responsive and proactive market orientation, innovation success, and market success of the organization. The respondents in the study were senior managers of companies operating in a Central European country. The Internet survey resulted in 441 usable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a non-linear structural equation models with MPLUS5. The results provide support for distinguishing between the two complementary forms of market orientation, proactive and responsive. While proactive market orientation is a determinant of both innovation and market success of the organization, the impact of responsive market orientation on the innovation and market success is positive and significant only in a rapidly changing market environment. Companies can improve their innovation success and in turn market success by improving their proactive market orientation, i.e. by investing resources in exploring customer needs, customer problems with existing products and latent customer needs. The study contributes to the literature by examining the entire chain of relationships between market orientation, innovation success and market success by adopting both a responsive and proactive market orientation. It is the first study that examines these relationships in the context of companies from a European country and with consideration of market turbulence/changes.
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The operation of organizations is very much influenced by their culture. Organizational culture (OC) has been defined as a pattern of basic assumptions that are manifested by the behavior of an organization. Positive OC is considered to be catalytic to performance enhancement. As construction aspires to be an efficient industry, this study aims to contribute in this regard by examining the relationship between organizational culture and the performance of construction organizations. Artifacts corresponding to OC identifiers and Performance indicators are short-listed from a literature review. These artifacts are arranged into constructs. The eight OC constructs are: Goal Clarity, Coordination and Integration, Conflict Resolution, Employee Participation, Innovation Orientation, Performance Emphasis, Reward Orientation and Team orientation. The performance indicator constructs are; Financial, Internal Business Process, Custom and Innovation & Learning. The artifacts were elaborated and operationalized for data collection. The constructs, as well as the OC-Performance relationship framework, were then analyzed and tested using Structural Equation Modeling. Innovation was found to be the most critical OC as far as performance of construction organizations is concerned. In today's knowledge based society, innovative organizations have proved to be the performers. This timely finding highlights the need for a culture that fosters creativity and supports innovation.
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This study examines how a firm's advertising and R&D affects the firm's β-risk and idiosyncratic risk, which are metrics of interest to both finance executives and senior management. Due to the existence of a non-normal and heteroscedasticity dataset, we use quantile regression to analyze the sample to understand the full behavior of our non-normally distributed datapoints. The evidence of this study shows that: (1) Advertising is significantly associated with lower β-risk for firms with lower, median and higher β-risk. (2) R&D significantly increases β-risk for firms with median and higher β-risk firms. (3) Advertising is significantly associated with lower idiosyncratic risk for firms with higher idiosyncratic risk. (4) R&D is significantly associated with higher idiosyncratic risk for firms with median and higher idiosyncratic risk. In summary, our evidence shows that both advertising and R&D have a stronger effect on firms with higher β- and idiosyncratic risk than on those with lower β- and idiosyncratic risk, respectively. Our findings are useful to help both management executives and investors. Firm managers can allocate limited resources more efficiently to reduce their firm risk; investors could exert their influence on firm's senior executives to make decisions that are beneficial to stock returns.
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The aim of this study was to identify the characteristic features of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which contribute to the decrease of profits of those SMEs during a period of reduced economic activity. The investigation was based on a sample of 1107 SMEs functioning in the Polish market. The empirical evidence found the type of manager, market range and legal form as determining factors of SME profits during a period of reduced economic activity. The received results led to the development of a model of firm-specific variables that resul in the decrease of SMEs profits through an economic slowdown.
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This paper describes the process of possible evaluation of costs of using high speed water jet technology for concrete removal methods. High speed water jet technology is a progressive technology of removing damaged concrete used in civil engineering since the 80's of 20th century. It has been changing and developing since that time. But there is little information in literature devoted to the economic evaluation of this technology. Detailed economic analysis is still missing. This paper aims to compare comprehensively in economic terms the costs of removing concrete using the technology of both continuous oscillating and pulsating oscillating water jets. The research was realized in cooperation with research institutions and industrial companies and was supported by state budget of the Czech Republic and from the European Union. The scheme of cooperation of the University, research institutions, industrial companies and government follows the Triple helix model.
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