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Horizontal Inequality in Urban India: A Human Development Perspective

Author(s): Paramjeet Chawla / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the current global scenario, India stands at the 130th position in the human development ranking for 2018, wherein the major challenge highlighted is that 26% of this human development remains lost due to inequality (UNDP 2018). Even though the notion of ‘vertical’ inequality remains a pertinent issue across the globe, the issue of inequality across social groups in India, arising from a historical discrimination and segregation, continues to remain a deep-seated worry for India’s overall development. The level of well-being of the individuals remains directly linked to the groups’ standard of living. The statements mentioned are also supported by evidence on social group inequalities, wherein the India Exclusion Report 2014-15 states that 59% of the Dalits are employed as labourers in Rural India, 46.5% of the Adivasis are falling in the same category, as against the overall rural population in which only 40% of the individuals are labourers. It is also important to note that, urban inequality remains the major driver for rising inequality in India, thereby requiring an in-depth understanding of inequality (India Inequality Report 2018). This paper focuses on understanding horizontal inequalities across the major social groups in India, Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and the unreserved/ general category in the urban spaces for India. The evidence for horizontal inequalities is scattered, and there remains a lack of quantification and consolidation of evidence for inequalities across social groups. This paper aims to measure horizontal inequalities with a human development perspective, for urban spaces in India utilizing the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) (Round 2), and therefore create actionable evidence for matters of gaps and linkages that remain in the capability’s achievement for all the social groups in India.

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Particularities of an Effective Playground – Related Accident Investigation

Author(s): Alexandra Ioana Curcă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Establishing the circumstances of an accident is essential in determining the elements that provide an adequate analysis of legal classification as well as in identifying any criminal liability and form of guilt. Therefore a conclusion regarding culpability should be based on whether the material evidence can accurately indicate the circumstances of the accident, especially when all measures regarding the safety of the play environment and the conformity of the equipment’s have been complied with.

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Theoretical and Practical Provocations of the New Romanian Personal Insolvency Proceedings

Author(s): Bogdan Radu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The legal framework that acknowledges personal insolvency in Romania has finally been adopted on 18 June 2015, after more than 25 years of hardships for the consumers, and only took effect, after many delays, on 1 January 2018. This paper aims to present what is meant to be a procedure that protects the consumers that contracted obligations and by no means of their fault are not able to cover their debts. Furthermore, of great importance is the analysis of the particularities of the Romanian procedure by comparing to similar procedures of other jurisdictions.

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International Events and Grand Strategy Adjustment after the Cold War: Examining Chinese Grand Strategy Using a Neoclassical Realist Model

Author(s): Leo S. F. Lin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There is a two-fold purpose of this paper. First, the author attempts to test whether the Type III of the neoclassical realism model developed by Ripsman et al. (2016) has better explanatory power on China’s grand strategy adjustment after the Cold War era than other models. Second, the author examines how international events have impacted Chinese grand strategy adjustment in the everchanging systematic dynamics. The author argues that Type III of the neoclassical realism model provides a suitable model to explain a state’s grand strategy adjustment, as this model can explain medium to longer-term dependent variables. According to the model, unit-level factors, such as leader images and strategic culture, have impacted the grand strategy decision-making and its foreign policy implementation, which resulted in the grand strategy adjustment over a long period. In terms of the case study, the author succinctly traces and examines how international events have impacted China’s grand strategy, such as the dissolution of Soviet Union (1989), 9/11 terrorist attacks (2001), and the Global financial crisis (2008). This paper contributes to the study of Chinese grand strategy.

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Development of Water Infrastructure in Cambodia

Author(s): Jungho Chang / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Cambodia is currently ranked sixth in the world in GDP growth. The growth has been assisted by three factors: economic aid received from other countries, contributions from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and internal reform. Despite these advances, Cambodia continues to be hampered by the long-lasting damage caused by twentieth-century events: the bombing by the United States during the Vietnam War, the genocide under the Khmer Rouge, and the take-over of the country by the Vietnamese. Cambodia in the 1990s was suffering not only significant loss of basic infrastructure, but also a shortage of human talent due to the systematic destruction of its intellectual class. This paper focuses on deficiencies in one aspect of infrastructure: the lack of systems to deliver clean, sanitary water to the country's urban and rural areas. Clean water is necessary for the health of the citizens as well as industrial development. Water-borne disease adversely affects the well-being and productivity of workers; clean water is also essential for most industrial processes. The problem is especially acute in rural areas, where water is necessary for agriculture. Developing clean water systems requires expertise as well as money to locate, filter, and transport water. This paper will propose concrete steps Cambodia should take to improve its sanitary water infrastructure.

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Some Aspects of the Right to a Fair Trial from the Perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights

Author(s): Silviu-Ștefan Petriman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Convention through Article 6 establishes a fundamental principle for a democratic society and a rule of law. The right to a fair trial is applicable both in civil matters and in criminal matters, where the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the justiciable must be guaranteed. This right must be respected by all the judicial bodies, because by violating it or ignoring it, serious damages can be brought about the person's freedom, access to justice, equality of arms, the right not to incriminate s.a.m.d. Precisely for its importance, the right to a fair trial is considered as a pillar of support for the democratic state. In Romanian domestic law the right to a fair trial can be found in the Romanian Constitution art. 21 paragraph (3), the Code of civil procedure in art. 6, the Criminal Procedure Code art. 8, as well as in art. 6 of Law no 304/2004 on judicial organization. The right to a fair trial should not and cannot remain only at the theoretical level, but it must receive effective applicability in practice, otherwise it will remain an illusory right. But in order to be used in practice he must be well known and promoted at the same time, in order not to allow his violation.

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Identification of Missing Children in Suspicious Circumstances

Author(s): Lucia Cerasela Balan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In most cases, the authorities face cases in which the parents are desperate for the disappearance of the minor children, with the paid pedophiles, with the traffickers, with the pimp, which to some extent infringes on the fundamental rights and freedoms of the minors. The number of juveniles declared missing is increasing every year, most of them being located or returning home, but there are also cases in which minors are never found or identified as victims of crimes. Taking into account the deep pain and suffering of the parents of the missing children, who often do not know their fate for years, the authorities make every effort to speed up investigations and locate the missing children. When a juvenile is declared missing, it is essential for the investigator to know his or her signals and to have all relevant information referring to the person of the minor. If the disappearance of the child was reported many years ago, the original photograph loses its usefulness, because the minor progressively changes its appearance as time goes by. In cases where the description of a minor, after the external reports, is ambiguous, does not have sufficient information or the ones that have been rendered are not sufficient for his identification, the technique jumps to the aid of the criminals and through methods that are constantly developing, establishes certain vital details or information required.

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The Tactic of Executing Searches

Author(s): Marilena Cristina Chera / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The information technology search became one of the investigation ways often met in practice and that is due to the numerous crime, such as corporate crimes or corruption crimes that can be executed through the information technology systems. The ways of crimes found in the information technology crime are carried out by attacks over the information networks and systems. It must be noted that the information technology crimes are not grouped together under one title/chapter, but those are found either in the crimes against property, forgery crimes, and also in the area of crimes against public safety. The ways of executing such are found in most of the information technology crimes. Most of the cases of information technology crimes, the search on the information system, used for executing the crime, might bring out the most important pieces of evidence with the purpose of proving the causal link between the material element and the immediate result of the crime.

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Taking a Mental Vacation: A Problem-Solving Method using Metaphor in Creative Incubation Processes

Author(s): Mike Unrau / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Mounting pressures on problem-solving teams require creative thinkers to take a “break,” “downtime,” or even a mental “vacation,” in order to regroup before re-tackling the problem. Indeed, creative insight can arise during an unrelated train of thought in what is known as incubation. The greatest benefit of incubation is the ‘aha’ moment that it can produce, when the unconscious releases an idea that is relevant to the original goal of the task at hand. Several theories have been offered as to how incubation produces effective ideas, however, most refer to leaving the problem (at least in part) before returning to it. Further research on unconscious processes suggests that metaphor works in the unconscious, even while conscious attention, or the focused processing of different levels of perception, is directed elsewhere. This paper investigates how a facilitated group incubation process using metaphor to direct conscious attention might generate creative outcome. It then offers a basic directed metaphorical processing method. “Synectics,” devised in the 1960’s by marketing researchers, is given as an example for further investigation.

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The Role of Forensics in Criminal Investigations

Author(s): Andreea Roxana Tudor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We intend to discuss in this paper about forensics and the role it has it in for discovery, investigation of criminal offenses and to identify persons involved in committing them based on other sciences such as physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics. The basic ideas which we will discuss are the first steps taken in the investigation of homicide, peculiarities research on site in case of murder, the peculiarities of the research killing depending on means and methods used by the perpetrator to suppress the victim's life, activities for investigation of murder, development version prosecution valuations type personality profiling the offender and carry out criminal prosecution.

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Improving Sustainable Development and National Security through Office Technology and Management Programme in Nigeria

Author(s): Olukemi Josephine Omoniyi,Boluwaji Clement Elemure,Samuel Adebayo Abiodun / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of skills, knowledge and competence through functional education which is the main focus of office technology and management cannot be over-emphasized. This study is undertaken to examine how sustainable development and national security can be improved through office technology and management.The survey research design was adopted while the population consists of stakeholders in office technology and management in Ekiti State. A sample size of 100 respondents was used. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The research instrument used was the questionnaire and it was validated by experts in the field. The mean and standard deviation was used for the analysis of the data and chi-square was used for the hypotheses formulated.The study revealed that sustainable development and national security could be improved throughoffice technology and management if adequate attention is given to maintenance of standard and funding of the programme. It was therefore recommended that government at various levels and other stakeholders in education should give the needed attention to adequate funding of the programme to achieve better result.

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Firearms – A Double-Edged Sword

Author(s): Robert Şerbănescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The dual nature of the human race has been the major cause for both positive and negative actions throughout history. Socrates insisted that a man must have a clear representation of both good and bad, so he may choose the proper approach. Therefore, any direction followed by an individual can lead to either desirable consequences or the opposite. Firearms were created as a means of protection and prevention from invaders. However, even if during periods of conflict they have proven their usefulness by defending homelands and other key locations, in the hands of an ordinary person they provided the possibilities to take the criminal activity to another level. In this manner, crimes could be committed at a faster rate, with more accuracy from a safe distance, lowering the chances of the victim to be able to defend themselves. In order for one to understand the concept of the firearms being a “double-edged sword”, he requires to have a clear representation of the complexity shown by a weapon structure, the key components, the power which can pe generated by using a firearm and the damage done. Also, the representation, besides the mechanical and structural part, must include the criteria based on which an individual can have, keep and use a firearm, with the general differences from one legal system to another.

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The Comparison of the System of Lao Zi’s Tao Te Ching and Socrates’ Plato's Complete Works of Plato

Author(s): Meihuai Ke / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The origins of definition of philosophy put Laozi system and Socratic system in philosophic origins. As a result, the similarities between the two systems are presented. After discussing the similarities between the two systems, the "Clash of Civilizations" has short legs.

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Examples of Good Practices in the Field of Museology. Case Study – ASTRA Museum

Author(s): Astrid Isabela Bogdan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

From the nomadic to the sedentary people, human communities have always wanted to make unique elements, specific to their identity, although they often received major influences from other neighbouring or most powerful communities. For example, archaeology reveals the identical geometrical elements found on ceramic vessels in peoples that were at some distance in time to each other or even geographically. Thus, we can see that not all elements of a civilization are authentic and that many times a motive formed by a group can become a leitmotif for many peoples. However, since ancient times, every community has tried to preserve at least one original element to help it differentiate among other peoples. In contemporary times, these elements are gradually extinguished, but there are still some places where the custom is preserved, and perhaps the most edifying example in this regard is the open air museum. Basically, this study will focus on this type of exhibition, approaching an edifying example, in this case, the ASTRA Museum in Romania, the largest open air museum in south-east Europe.

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Tort Liability

Author(s): Valentina Avramescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The object of this paper is the tort liability, which represents an important element of the legal relationships. This paper refers at the legal regulation of the tort liability, as well as its scope. This paper also refers at the two types of liability, representing the general liability that we find in the civil law, which is the relation between the tort liability and the contractual liability. This paper also presents the comparison between the tort liability and the criminal liability, as well as the relation between the tort liability and the patrimonial liability specific to the labour law. We shall speak of the types of tort liability and their classification, referring at the hypotheses regulated by the Civil Code and the related legislation, as well as of the criterion of the fundamental principle of liability.

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Family Institution and Marriage Regime

Author(s): Silvia Timofti / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Accompanying the man throughout his life, the family proved to be one of the oldest and most stable forms of human community, which ensures the perpetuation of the species, the evolution and the continuity of the social life. Many approaches understand the family as a basic social form, based on marriage, which consists of the husband, wife and their descendants.The family is the basic cell of society, it is the one that makes man go from selfishness to altruism, the place where tribulations and joys are shared. The family is the first divine settlement, founded by God for man in heaven. The family is the fundamental institution in all societies. So it is a relatively permanent social group of individuals linked by origin, marriage or adoption.

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The Somatic Idiomatic “Fear” Concept in the Book of the Prophet Jeremiah

Author(s): Mirela Beatris Munteanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this article we intend to study lexemes that express emotions produced by fear from the perspective of lexicography and prophetic semantics, the lexem generating, depending on the relationship between the linguistic sense and the literary image, different directions of meaning: direct through constitutive features of the semantics of ascending emotions or indirect, through the syntactic structures in which they integrate. From the perspective of conceptual analysis (studying the meaning of all the words and expressions that are associated with a certain concept and which includes their systematization) we defined the term as a cultural phenomenon accompanied by a specific historical development, corresponding to the keyword of the proposed topic, also having an important presence in the Biblical text.

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Social Representations of Violence against Women in Cuba Is It a Consequence of Economic and Political Changes?

Author(s): Roselín Martin-Ramos,Velia Cecilia Bobes-León,Flérida Guzmán-Gallangos / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main purpose of this research is to analyze social representations (SR) of violence against women in three generations from Sancti Spiritus in a context of sociocultural changes. With this purpose, 28 people from three different generations were interviewed using the Snowball method. As part of the methodology, the semi-structured interviews, as well as the Free Association method (written variant) and the non-participant observation were used. The data obtained was interpreted with the qualitative paradigm. Myths about violence were found anchored in the collective imagination, without distinction of age. Likewise, there were changes in the SR of the three generations towards violence: the generation of older adults exhibits beliefs more attached to the government-supported discourse on equality; the youngsters blamed more the victim of violence and showed SR in which the control of man over woman is normalized. The intermediate generation exhibited SR more in accordance with reality. This generation, raised in a context of educational and social achievements, where inequality and social precarious brought by the special period, didn't have a dent in social values and norms, showed a less macho ideology.

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Managing Diversity in Business Education: A Case of Dubai International Academic City (DIAC)

Author(s): Nadir Ali Kolachi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Education is an important factor in developing any nation around the world. Today’s developed countries are much focused on education in varied fields. This has become possible through meaningful diversity in every field. Latest developments & innovations are the backbone to compete in today’s competitive world. Best business education in Europe & North American countries have opened avenues of competition for other nations. These initiatives of being accredited by AACSB is a clear direction for successful business schools. UAE has been a preferred destination for more than two hundred nationalities who are working in different fields. Such diversity is the reason of varied developments in almost every domain. The educational projects, research based initiatives, business forums and meetings made it possible to get exponential growth in UAE and Dubai in particular. Dubai is one of the most demanded place to live and work in different companies & universities. Referring to this case research, education is the most focused area and set as top priority of government’s projects for 2020. There are few AACSB accredited Business Schools in UAE and others are trying best to get it done through varied skills as possible through diversified opportunities in Dubai. Dubai is leading in education sector in the region where all nationalities are working and being educated in multiple fields. Dubai’s diversity has made it much attractive to be educated in the multicultural city.

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Analysis of the Different Education Policy Reforms in Uganda (1922 – 2000)

Author(s): Kamya Bazilio / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the colonial era, Uganda has instituted several commissions of inquiry aimed at reforming the education sector. Despite these commissions, the sector still faces multiple challenges ranging from financing, poorly trained teachers, high level of teacher and student absenteeism, inadequate learning materials and large class sizes. The paper argues that much as policy reforms on primary education development that were made during the colonial times were criticized because colonial education was seen as alien, Ugandanisation of education after independence and the reforms by the successive governments did not change the sector so much. As a result, it has failed to embrace the virtues of quality, equity and efficiency yet the successive policy reform commissions have among other things been tasked to ensure that the trio is achieved. The paper is guided by both the Public value management theory and the Human capital theory. The findings of the study will inform the government about the challenges of primary education in Uganda and what went wrong with the successive policy reforms with a view to rectifying the anomalies in the future policy reforms.

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