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PAVEL JANOUŠEK: Černá kočka aneb Subjekt znalce v myšlení o literatuře a jeho komunikační strategie; RADOSLAV PASSIA: Na hranici. Slovenská literatúra a východokarpatský hraničný areál; JOZEF BRUNCLÍK: Introvertnosťou ku katarzii. Lyrický svet v tvorbe Jána Motulka; KATARZYNA KUCZYŃSKA-KOSCHANY: Interlinie w ciemności. Jednak interpretacja
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The point of departure for the article is a discourse that aims to revise and reflect on particular questions closely related to the constitution, existence and reception of literary canon or as the case may be with one of its forms referred to by the given signifier taking into consideration the reception and differentiation process in literature and arts. In the first part of the text the author among other things rereads selected theoretical works on the questions of canon (by W. Wiesmüller, A. Fowler, H. Markiewicz) so that he could use the premise that canon is “what is recommended for the readers’ experience” (P. Zajac) as a point of departure in the second part. The author’s considerations are triggered by the publication 1001 Books You Must Read before You Die. Although the book materializes the essence of literary canon its notion is extended beyond the limits of one’s mortality and a “pragmatic dilemma what to avoid reading so that we would have time for reading” (H. Bloom). The interpretation part focuses on two novels – The Sorrows of Young Werther by J. W. Goethe and The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by J. Diaz.
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This paper investigates the main issues of literary canon formation and the debates over the literary canon, concerning aspects such as the bequeathing of cultural values, institutional authority and cultural memory, from the hypothetical terms “World-literature classics” to the question of the archaeology of communication, whilst aiming to draw attention primarily to the terminological gaps and blind spots of canon literature. Most of the theoretic treatises of the last 30 years, including the base texts of the US canon debate in the last decades of the 20th century, were not necessarily based upon the same canon concepts. Concerning this, the author assumes the existence of two major canon concepts; one is tighter and more professional, used in a paradigmatic meaning, featured obviously by ease of variability; while the other is much wider, and due to its cultural background, normativity seems to be less variable, rather determining and correlating with some segments of tradition.
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During the last twenty years canon has been taken as a register of literature for the interested public as well as professional readers. It is a challenge, therefore, to revive the initial meaning of canon as obligatory reading for the general education of the next generation. The article starts with a brief outline of the major positions of research in the humanities on the issue of literary evaluation and the controversy about normative and descriptive theories. Both are connected with the key purpose of general education in secondary schools. The great variety of aims provides arguments for choosing works of literature in the light of didactic intentions. The article then focuses on the description of teaching sequences including decisions for the selection of concrete literary works, e.g. novels by Uwe Timm (2003) and Melinda Nadj Abonji (2010). Conducted in three consecutive steps with altogether eight criteria, such canon decisions become plausible in theory as well as practicable in educational contexts: Literary Evaluation (e.g. polyvalence, self-reference), Didactic Justification (e.g. exemplarity, potentiality of significance) and Context Formation (e.g. by motif or literary form). Especially complex literary texts with their inherent thought-images (Denkbilder) give rise to an unlimited process of interpretation, enabling young readers to widen their knowledge and broaden their competence.
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K. Clark’ s understanding of socialist realism as a canonical doctrine turns our attention towards the problem of the universal authority of this phenomenon in Soviet-type culture. The article focuses on exposing the principles of this authority in the form of canonization as a “contract agreement”. In this type of framework, the subject of analysis is the process of canonization formed by the “figures” of forclusion, conversion, inclusion (into tradition, which is at the same time a production of tradition) and instruments such as commentary and lecture. Finally, the subject of reflection is also the moment of the destruction of canonized structures through their subversion. The literary material to serve as illustration of these mechanisms is Slovak literature and literary life in 1948/49 – 1989/90.
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The study, focusing on the writings of A. Maillet – the founding figure of modern Acadian literature – deals with the question whether the well-known Acadian and Quebec author might be considered as canonical. An analysis of the canonical novel “Pélagie-la-Charrette”, written in 1979, draws on the contemporary context and Bloom’ s “The Canon of Western Literature”, canonical characteristics of the genres being relevant to the analysed text (i.e. the epic, the picaresque novel etc.). The analysis reveals that the author substantially revises the traditional Acadian canon when fictionalizing historicity. Confronting multiple canons, A. Maillet creates a hybrid, aesthetically appealing polysemantic text that promotes her from the “periphery” towards the “western literary canon”.
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From the late 1960s to the early 2000s, questions of canonization formed one of the central issues of “Deutschdidaktik”, which is the German phrase for the scholarly approach to teaching German language and literature. Within the didactic debate on canon, however, teaching world literature was widely neglected. Instead, the canon debate mainly focused on teaching contemporary literature, children and youth literature, and functional literature. When addressing world literature, “Deutschdidaktik” omitted the discussion of fundamental issues of the canon. Things are very different within the US-American discourse. The discussions about teaching world literature and about how to redefine the canon are strongly intertwined. This essay compares the developments within the German and the US-American discourse. It will discuss the reasons for divergent settings of priorities in both canon debates. The essay concludes by suggesting a more intensive dialogue between American and German pedagogic discourse. It also states the need for a stronger intertwining of literary studies and studies of literary education within the German discourse, mainly through an application of postcolonial theorems on literary education.
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Contemporary corporate reporting is still focused on financial capital. Intellectual capital is ignored by conventional accounting. Scientific revolution should be expected in this area. It is not possible to avoid it, especially since other social sciences - sociology, economics and management - have already resolved this issue and the phenomenon of emergence of the knowledge-based economy cannot be denied. Accounting is powerful tool for social impact. Its paradigm determines social imagination of economic processes, and it should be based on the axiological principle of true and fair view. The aim of this paper is to present a clear fact: accounting paradigm focused on financial capital inhibits the development of a knowledge-based economy and post-industrial society. The article contains the proof: the traditional balance sheets focused on tradable assets and financial capital is not suitable for providing a true and fair view of the knowledge-based enterprises. The analysis is an invitation to take a broad and interdisciplinary research on the role of financial accounting in the modern society. Accounting should not be shaped exclusively by accountants corporations. Every contemporary economist, sociologist, philosopher, logician, mathematician, and even a lawyer and ethicist, who feels partly responsible for the future of the economy and society, has a duty to be interested in accounting theory and the shape of the financial statements.
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Finland is an unquestionable word leader as far as efficiency of its education system is concerned. Finnish pupils have been top performers in the PISA rankings for many years. Many researchers debate on the reasons of the Finland's success. This paper aims to further analyse the key success factors of the Finnish education system. Special emphasis is put on financial and non-financial inputs explaining the Finland's success. The comparisons with the Polish education system aims to discover those factors which impact and explain the differences between the two countries.
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The conference Moc MOOC-ów - czas na polską platformę (Power of MOOCs - time for a Polish platform) was held on 20th January 2015 at the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology of Warsaw University of Technology. This event was initiated by The Foundation of Young Science. The main aim of this conference was to initiate cooperation between partners interested in building the Polish MOOC platform and promulgate scientific knowledge. The participants of this conference were representatives of science, politics and industry. New opportunities of creation and development of an open Polish Platform MOOC and also popularization of this new form of education in Poland were discussed. The Letter of Intent - written symbol of supporting the creation of the Polish Platform MOOC was signed as a result of the first part of the debate. All of the participants jointly supported the initiative of creating the Polish Platform MOOC.
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The development of new online trends, particularly the Web 2.0, has caused a social engagement growth of internet users and, as a result, further development of social networking channels and other different types of interactive platforms. The internet encourages consumers to interact with web sites, and through them with other users. It also enables them to create content on any subject, as for instance, associated with brands and products. consequently, generating a valuable source of information and research area for organizations. This study aims to identify the involvement of Polish Internet users with consumer's online brand related activities (COBRA). Concerning this issue, the authors investigated a total of 2253 Internet users in an exploratory study revealing the intensity of their participation in 31 activities ranging from low to high engagement. It turned out that polish consumers are more willing to engage into activities belonging to the consuming COBRA type, rather than to the ones pertinent to the creating COBRA type.
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Open Source Software (OSS) community is challenging the traditional meaning of property rights. The way the OSS products are developed and distributed is questioning the right to exclude others from using the goods and introduces the right to distribute and modify software for free. The economic impact of the Open Source Software contribution is significant, it has been estimated that it represents c.a. 30% of the software market. There is an increasing interest in studying OSS communities, however there have been a small number of studies investigating the general role of the OSS in the economic growth. Therefore the lack of theory linking the economic growth and OSS contribution represents the main theoretical problem of this paper. The goal of this article is to prove that the existence of OSS communities increases the quantity of non-rival and non-excludable goods, which - according to endogenous model of growth - leads to economic growth. Additionally the study findings undermine the neoclassical theory of property rights in terms of non-rival and non-excludable goods. The structure of the paper is organized as follows. In section 1 the article focuses on the literature addressing the role of the non-rival and non-excludable goods in the theory of growth and theory of property rights. Section 2, contains the literature review of the OSS socio-economic phenomena and argues that the neoclassical theory of rights is inadequate to explain OSS market existence. Section 3 of the paper summarizes the main conclusions and discusses the general motivation behind the creation of the non-excludable and non-rival goods as well as the diminishing role of the egoism as the origin of the economic growth. From the methodological point of view the paper represents a literature review and a critical analysis of the endogenous growth theory and the theory of property rights.
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Students and graduates from universities undertake professional activity, but rarely are able to accurately assess the value of their qualifications. This paper presents expected net salary for first job among students and graduates from Wroclaw University of Technology. Participants of the survey consider 2648 zloty net (per month) as satisfactory wage. A large group of respondents are in demand specialists in the labor market, which are characterized by high wage expectations. Financial expectations of university graduates are comparable and are growing every year. High aspirations for the salaries are justified by strong demand for skilled workers. Results of the survey can be important for students and graduates joining the labor market, and employers who want hire fresh alumni.
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The Completion Agenda is part of a larger transformative shift in education, which is moving from a focus on providing instruction to a focus on producing results. This gradual but profound paradigm shift has been underway for multiple decades, and its impact on higher education cannot be understated; as one well-known description of this phenomenon noted, shifting the focus from teaching to learning „changes everything” about how higher education is conducted. Grounded in the increasingly close relationship between educational attainment and economic success, this results-oriented approach is driving many of the major efforts for change in U.S. higher education, including the Completion Agenda, performance-based funding, the revived interest in competency-based education, and standardized assessments such as the Collegiate Learning Assessment.
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The subject of project managers' competencies was very popular in scientific research over the past decades. A great number of academic researchers studied the field of project manager's competencies, its impact on project success and correlation to project performance and key characteristics of a project environment. The aim of this literature study was to analyze methodological aspects of aforementioned studies in order to identify research patterns applied, research instruments used, respondents' profiles and others. It's understandable that publications related to competencies of project managers can be found in leading project management journals. These articles constituted also a basis of the analysis. Furthermore, publications considered were narrowed to those focused on at least one of three appointed aspects, namely identification of competencies, their evaluation or relative importance assessment. Over a dozen of articles were obtained as the outcome of journals review. Key characteristics of selected studies were systematically analyzed and compared, including, among others, construction of the respondents group, examined subset of competencies and the approach adopted to identification and evaluation of competencies. As a result some patterns and repeatable elements were found. Moreover, two identified contentious practices were discussed - usage of a self-assessment to evaluate performance of respondent and usage of project success criteria aimed at assessing the performance of a project manager.
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At present, there is a very wide range of tools that support the process of education using the Internet in higher education. Moodle is one of a well-known free software systems. In this paper, one of its modules - Workshop, is presented. It focuses on its functionality and also advantages and disadvantages of its usage in blended learning.
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