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The author presents a batch of 12 artifacts from the village collection of Țibucani (Neamț County, Romania), which belong to the Bronze Age. The catalog includes artifacts made of stone and metal, respectively axes and curved knives. Most stone pieces are fragmentary, thus cannot be attributed very strictly to a chronological segment of the Bronze Age. Along with these objects, there are also published three metal pieces: an axe of the Nackenknaufäxte type and two socketed-axes, one of which is fragmentary. The tube axe is a unique piece in the East-Carpathian space and it can be connected with the cultural environments of the Late Bronze Age from the northwestern area of Romania. The two socketed-axes can also be dated in the Late Bronze Age, but they are specific to the communities of Noua culture.
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The author based his work on Glagolitic codices and notes and he highlighted that the town of Otočac became the centre of the bishopric in 1461, i.e. at the end of the Middle Ages. The town was also a cultural and spiritual centre and the author compared its position with the town of Modruš.In the nearest surrounding to Otočac, there were some other important Glagolitic centres and some Glagolitic manuscript codices were preserved. Canon Urban from Otočac was one of the workers in the Senj Glagolitic printer at the beginning of the new age.
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In the paper this paper the author describe the famous Senj Uskoks and noble family Vukasović, who in historical documents appeared under different forms of their family name as: Vukasović, Vukassevich, Wukassovich and Vukaszovich. The author gave some presentation of their coat of arms and a document of receiving the noblemen status and coat of arms. The family moved to Senj from Dalmatia and to Dalmatia they had moved from Bosnia and Herzegovina at the end of the 15th century. In Senj they appeared in the first half of the 16th century, about 1537, i.e. after the Ottoman conquest of Klis, when some members of the family moved to Senj. The members of this family served as border officers in different military troops of Senj Captaincy and Military Border. They gained the respect as experienced officers and therefore they were awarded by the Austrian Emperor and gained the nobility and a coat of arms. In 1665 they received the nobility status in Senj and were introduced into the city patricians. Senj Duke Vinko Vukasović received the nobility status from Emperor Leopold I on 28th January 1667 and his nobleman status was confirmed by the Croatian Sabor (Diet) in 1719. In 1714 the status of knight was given to the Senj noblemen Vukasović: Petar, Juraj, Filip, Anton and Vinko. As rich citizens and noblemen in Senj they had a luxurious Baroque house with Renaissance balcony and façade. Austrian Emperor Joseph II was in this house three times and therefore today this house is named ‘the House of Mary Theresa’ and here today is the City Museum.The most famous member of this family was Josip Filip Vukasović (Senj, 1755 – Vienna, 1809), warrior and architect, who received the inherited Baron and Count status because of his merit. He served as soldier throughout Europe mostly in Italy and France. He was known as the architect of the Louisiana Road (Lujzinska Cesta), which goes from Senj to Sveti Juraj (St. George) and from Senj to Novi Vinodolski. He also participated in many other architectural projects. He died after being wounded on the battlefield against the French in 1809 and was buried in Vienna. After the death of his son Filip in 1844 the male line of these glorious Senj noblemen and Uskok family ended.
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In this research the author concentrated on a little fragment of a very functional religious-educational literature, especially popular in Middle Ages and later. These are examples or egzemplumi, egzempli, eksempli, ižempli or occasions and stories: illuminist literal expression dedicated to common people. These short moralistic educative anecdotes were known as pelde or prispodobe (parables) or fantastic stories ‘fables’. They are the illustrative tools for preaching, i.e. the basic parts of sermons. Rudolf Strohal was the first who occupied himself with collecting them into a Glagolitic collection book and their systematic presentation. We concentrated this study on his basis, extracting examples from Senj’s Lent Calendar from 1508. Amongst them we have especially focused on some of the so-called pseudo-animalistic examples where important places were dedicated to animals.
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During the surface surveys conducted in Şanlıurfa in recent years, a large number of reliefs dating back to the timeframe from 2 th B.C. to 1th B.C. were discovered. Dağyamacı reliefs, located 500 m east of the Harran Plain within Tek Tek Mountains region, are reliefs dating back to 2 th B.C. Said reliefs dating back to 2 th B.C. were unearthed at some quarry-like location. The location where Dağyamacı reliefs were discovered is the only limestone quarry that has been dated to 2 th B.C. in the region. Orthostatic relief sketches, embossed friezes and stone blocks extracted in the form of cubes were unearthed in the quarry located at Dağyamacı. The reliefs depict sitting figures, standing nude figures, fauna and flora motifs. These reliefs, estimated to be fabricated between the first quarter and the last quarter of 2 th B.C., present features similar in style to some artifacts previously unearthed in the region and delivered to Şanlıurfa Museum. Discovery of the rock tombs from Early Bronze Age and the relief of a lion dating to 1 th B.C. in the ancient settlement of Soğmatar located close to the Dağyamacı reliefs indicates that the region around Tek Tek Mountains has been a key region for stonemasonry since early times. The blocks of limestone from the valleys of Tek Tek Mountains should be extracted rather easily thanks to the natural slopes of the valley, and should have been transported from these valleys to the settlements established in Harran Plain. Absence of limestone resources in Harran Plain should have led to emergence of the quarries where such reliefs were fabricated in Tek Tek Mountains region. The fact that Dağyamacı reliefs are fabricated in small sizes in line with the prevailing fashion trends of the era and that such reliefs present similar features in style allows us to date such reliefs back to 2 th B.C. This study intends to introduce the reliefs from 2 th B.C. unearthed in Şanlıurfa either recently or during previous excavations.
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Society has always adopted punishments that corresponded to a given historical period. One has to adapt to others around him, this is what is expected. This expectation has been solidified over time, fixed in rules, in standards that essentially refer to human behavior and are named «rules of conduct». At first, these rules were just in people’s minds. Some society members were aware of what others were expecting. Forensic science explicitly retraces millennia of slavery and feudal social organization, the use of the epitome of death, mutilation, corporal punishment and social embarrassment. Contrary to these methods, used until the end of the Middle Ages, society then opened itself towards a new approach to the application of punishment, to the awareness of the offender and his attempt to rehabilitate, his active and real reintroduction into the community. The interest shown by our forerunners in the social reintegration of detainees can be discovered by examining special documents kept in archival funds. By analyzing the content of administrative papers concerning Transylvanian prisons at the end of the 19th century, we will present obvious evidence that their criminal policies accepted progressive Western influences, given the fact that they tried to create a socially-positive behavior in detainees in order to eliminate, as far as possible, criminal recidivism. These methods might seem surprising for the times, but they confirm that changes in the perspective concerning convicted persons manifested since the mid-nineteenth century.
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In the last decade it was possible to get an overview to the Roman smallfinds, especially pottery, from Passau. So it was possible to reconstruct the beginnings of this place. The first military fortification has been built on the eastern end of the peninsula between the rivers Danube and Inn near an ancient harbour during the sixties or seventies of the first century A.D.
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The article deals with an interesting brooch found during building of a navigation channel in 1903, southeast from village Hořín (distr. of Mělník). At first sight the brooch appears to be of type Almgren 24. However, its further examination has shown that it could rather belong to an older group of brooches, specifically Kostrzewski M-b or Almgren 18. Our brooch can thus probably be considered a mixture of all these brooches. Near parallels can be found mainly in the area of Lower Elbe. This brooch could also be an import.
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This article describes two unique finds of early medieval axes. First of them was acquired in 2009 in Pleče cadaster near Jindřichov (Šumperk district, North Moravia) in the southern Hrubý Jeseník foothills, the second one – in 2013 Malá Morava cadaster (Šumperk district) in the southern part of Králický Sněžník foothills. Both axes were find in the places, which are outside of the known borders of the settlement area of the period. The article deals with other rare prehistoric and early historical finds from this area and also questions the eventual existence of long-distance communication. Archeological discoveries are compared with latest notable results of natural scientific researches.
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In the introduction, the paper suggests a significant shift in the understanding of the Roman Period in southwestern Bohemia. The main issue is the assessment of the rich collection of artifacts from the early Roman hut, which was captured in 1990 in the gas pipeline trench in Pilsen – Perlová Street. Because of the occurrence of Plaňany beaker and other characteristic pottery object is dating to the R A period. The next part summarizes the existing evidence of settlement of the Roman era in the historical center of Pilsen, which shows the time and spatial extent of settlement.
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The contribution deals with the settlement patterns of so-called Elbe-chasm in Latène Period. Author gathers present state of knowledge of settlement in Střekow microregion and evaluates some controversial finds from settlement and funerary sites. It pursues especially with problematics of Podmokly-group, whose ethnicity and origin is being lately frequently discussed.
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The library of the Serbian Orthodox Great Grammar School of Sremski Karlovci, better known as the Karlovci Grammar School, is the oldest school library among Serbs. Its foundations were laid by the most esteemed intellectuals of that time in difficult cultural and historical conditions, but it withstood many challenges. With a collection of over 18,000 titles, today it represents the place of library information, educational, and cultural activities of the school. This paper presents the historical perspective, as well as the current activities of the Karlovci Grammar School Library.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the present medieval finds from Opatovice. The main part describes the site situation during the building of a shed in the urban area near the church of St Lawrence. The excavated pottery assemblage may be most likely dated to the half of the 13th century.
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The article presents a story of ceramic vessels in the archaeological collection of the Institute for Archaeology (Charles University, Prague) alleged to be excavated on the Urnfield culture cemetery at Dobřenice, Eastern Bohemia, in 1907. The excavation was carried out by the town museum of Hradec Králové and some amateur archaeologists. Five ceramic vessels dating to the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age were donated from the Museum to the Institute shortly afterwards. Regrettably, it became apparent that a mistake occured during the accessioning. The author attempts to identify the original assemblage from Dobřenice and to reconstruct the circumstances of its discovery.
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The article informs about three axes which were a part of the wider assemblage of the bronze artefacts found in the Přelouč region during metal detector prospection.
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The presented paper brings a representative selection of the Stroked Pottery Culture finds (5100/5000–4500/4400 cal BC, STK) from the assemblages, that were excavated at the beginning of the 20th century during the brick clay mining in Souček – Srdínko brickyard in Plotiště nad Labem (Hradec Králové district, East Bohemia). It deals with an important part of the assemblage – the Early STK (IIb–II/III) pottery, which is put into a wider context of the East Bohemian enclave of the Stroked Pottery Culture.
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During the years 2013 and 2014, several small scale surface prospections took place on a Late Hallstatt period hillfort Minice in Central Bohemia. Collected set of items is welcomed for its value as chronological or paleoeconomical evidence. Finally, some attention is paid to the evidence of bronze smelting in the surrounding area. Some of the finds and other Late Hallstatt artefacts were also analyzed with XRF spectrometry with quite surprising results.
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The article is about evaluation of the archaeological evidence from surface prospecting, which was realized at the end of the last century and at the beginning of 21st century. Artifacts are stored in the Museum of East Bohemia in Hradec Králové and East Bohemia museum in Pardubice. This collection of findings complements us map of the settlement from the Roman period in the microregion so called “Mikulovická planina”.
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This contribution refers to an article of Z. Beneš and V. Čisťakova in this proceeding about features of Late Hallstatt Period in municipality Chotýš, district of Kolín. It aims to only two artefacts found in feature 6 – bronze temple ring and dark-blue glass bead – and adress to ways of cleaning, material analysis and conservation of them.
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