Stredoveké jadrá meštianskych domov na Alžbetinej ulici č. 17  a Dominikánskom námestí č. 11 v Košiciach

Author(s): Michaela Haviarová,Jozef Tihányi / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

The houses on the Dominikanske Square 11 and Alzbetina Street 17 are situated in the northwest quarter of the medieval city. An important finding was reached during the research of the houses, what is the definition of the medieval ground alignment. The house at the Dominikanske square 11 had practically today's niveau and the plain of the square leaned towards the Dominican church. At Alzbetina Street 17, there is the 15th century entrance situated in the depth of approximately 3m below the surface. The primary single-room houses were apparently shifted behind today’s street front. The 14th century heart of the house on Alzbetina Street 17 was partly vaulted and partly covered by flat ceiling. The 15th century house on Dominikanske Square 11 apparently replaced older building. The single room with the barrel vault remained.

Vplyv prisťahovalectva na etnické pomery stredovekých miest na Slovensku

Author(s): Miloš Marek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Medieval towns were not an isolated island, but a living organism with intense interactions with its environment. From a demographic point of view they were dependent on the flow of people from beyond its walls. The town needed new people to its natural development and functioning. In the example of five Slovak towns (Bratislava, Trnava, Bardejov, Prešov, Košice), we have shown how immigration and immigrants contributed to their demographic picture. The main sources for exploring this question were the registers of new burghers and also the tax registers. These sources, however, do not register low-income inhabitants forming a significant part of the urban population. Therefore, on the basis of their analysis, we can not form a realistic picture of the immigration. German patriciate played a leading role in researched towns, what is reflected by the data coming from the registers of the burgher rights acceptance. They provide evidence that the burgher rights were granted mostly to the persons of German nationality (except Trnava). The regular trade contacts with foreign countries have led to the immigration of foreigners mostly of German origin. Location of the city and its surrounding neighborhood with different ethnicity played also its role.

Family Strategies of Opavian Burgher Elites in the Period of Religious Transformation

Author(s): Irena Korbelářová,Radmila Dluhošová / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The study deals with the characteristics of Opava, the metropolis of one of the Silesian principalities in the period of completion of political and religious transformation (circa 1630 – 1660) and culminating transformation of the burgher society. Its elites are classified as people (and their families) with the highest extent of social prestige and political rights that shaped the public life of the locality in a fundamental way. It states that in Opava in the given period it concerned estimated 20 – 25 people/families out of circa 300 burgher families and 500 – 600 settled families. It perceives family strategies as intentional steps and activities aimed towards improving and strengthening of the positions of an individual and his or her family in the private, professional and public areas, and ensuring (improving) the status of the descendants in the town, respectively the country society. Based on the present micro-studies, it declares the initial theses for the consequent research considering the following strategies: 1. ensuring and enlarging of the real estates of municipal and free (nobility) character as a source of strengthening the social status and influence, as well as securing the family positions, 2. nobilitation as a source of achieving an exceptional position in the municipal society, 3. transitional rituals (marriage, christening, funeral) where the most substantial role is seen in the marriage policy and the choice of partners for the members of the elites and their children, or alternatively the closest relatives, 4. support of education and directing of the professional orientation of the descendants. The study also indicates further possible activities that may be included into family strategies that so far stand completely (or almost completely) aside from the interest of historical research of Opava in the given period (expansion of the family memory, marriages across the social classes, motivation and features of private bonds and contacts, relations of burghers and household members without blood and relative bonds, etc.)

The Monarch and the Town. Princes and Kings Versus Kraków at the turn of the 13th and 14th Centuries

Author(s): Andrzej Marzec / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The paper researches the history of manifold political relations between the Kraków monarchs, the developing towns of Lesser Poland growing into an economically important position, the clergy, and in particular the powerful bishops, and the class of knights at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the history of Poland this is an important period of many and varied pressures in the struggle for power and both political and economic prevalence. In particular the paper focuses on the relations of four consecutive princes, Boleslaus the Shy, Leszek the Black, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and Wladysław Łokietek with the town of Kraków, located by the first of them, and then developing under the royal privileges, until the rebellion of Albert and loss of the political and economic position under the last prince.

Opavian Suburbia from 14th to 16th Century. A Dynamically Developing Territory or a Changeless State?

Author(s): Viktor Pohanka / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

In 1965 František Matějek pointed to the mutual rivalry between what we can call municipal and manorial economy in the 16th through the 17th century. However, the question to what extent did the residues of the duchy land tenure made it hard for the municipal council to gain control of all the suburban domains whose legal status was different seems to remain unexplored – the conjecture here is that it was just the foregoing landlord domain that tried to prevent the municipality from making attempts at the use of the considerable economic potential and benefits that the overall area of the Opavian suburbia definitely rendered. The purpose of the following contribution therefore lies in showing whether or not did the municipal council succeed in exploiting at least some parts of the suburbia and, if they did, whether the latter underwent some changes that suited the interests of the community.

The Position of Opava in the Context of Silesian Cities in the First Half of the 18th Century

Author(s): Rudolf Žáček / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

In the legal sense, Silesian towns and cities constituted as early as the 12th century. Up to the half of the 13th century, approximately 20 towns and townlets were established. After the Mongolian invasion in 1241, apart from the economic significance, it was also their defensive role of towns that was valued. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period a rather extensive network comprising altogether 165 towns and townlets was built in Silesia.

НОВЫЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ О ХРИСТИАНСТВЕ В ДЕЛЬТЕ ВОЛГИ В ПРЕДМОНГОЛЬСКОЕ ВРЕМЯ

Author(s): Dimitrii Viktorovich Vasilyev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The study was performed in order to introduce into scientific circulation the part of an Orthodox “encolpion” from the ancient settlement site of Samosdelka in the Volga delta (layers of the 12th century). The objectives of the study are cultural and historical interpretation of the artifact and its dating. This cross gives an indication of the extent of Christianity in the city of Saqsin during the pre-Mongolian period. Furthermore, it allows to identify another way of contacts between the worlds of Islam and Christianity, i.e., through the area of Saqsin and Russia. The paper provides a number of examples to prove that crosses of this type were most popular in the 11th–13th centuries. Such artifacts were well known in Medieval Russia, but they originate from the vicinity of Kiev. The cross from Samosdelka settlement refers to the period from the middle to late 12th century. It is likely to have been brought to the Volga delta by one of the Russian merchants. The small quantity of objects of Christian worship, as well as the lack of any information about the Christians in the Lower Volga region during the 12th–13th centuries in written sources make us to conclude about the weakness of direct contacts between the Christian regions and the area of Saqsin, which was generally Islamized at that time. The obtained results are important to describe the cultural situation in the Lower Volga region on the eve of the Mongol invasion.

РОЛЬ УРАЛЬСКИХ ИСТОРИКОВ – ВЫПУСКНИКОВ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В КУЛЬТУРНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ФОРМИРОВАНИИ «МЕСТ ПАМЯТИ» УРАЛА

Author(s): Tatyana Aleksandrovna Nabokina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper is devoted to the leaders of the Ural regional studies, who received special historical-philological education at the Kazan University in the second half of the 19th century. It addresses such issues as the role of the university in the development of well-known historians of the Urals during the 19th century – F.A. Pryadil’shchikov, N.K. Chupin, D.D. Smyshlyaev, A.A. Dmitriev, and V.N. Vitevskii. A number of examples are provided to show the cooperation between the Ural and Kazan historians. The important role of the latter in the development of researchers is proved. The paper analyzes the minutes of meetings and the periodicals of the local history societies of the Urals – provincial statistical committees, Ural Society of Naturalists, Orenburg branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, and provincial archival commissions of scientists. The conclusion is made that the University of Kazan played a significant role in the formation of a team of leading Ural historians, who contributed to the strengthening of the regional history society and to the formation of cultural memory in the local society. Furthermore, the pre-revolutionary Ural historians were not only researchers in history, but they also became the creators of “places of memory”. They actively used all forms of commemoration –creation of new places of memory, thematic publications, museums, archives, and holding of commemorative events. The commemoration arose out of the desire to unite the Ural community for the benefit of science and education. The commemorative practices contributed to the preservation of local – Ural – identity, which is important for the historical and cultural heritage.

Městské kanceláře a jejich význam pro studium středověkých a raně novověkých urbánních dějin (na příkladu Čech a Moravy)

Author(s): Jana Vojtíšková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

The study presented sets its aim as setting out the key themes and significance of the complex research of the municipal offices, using the example of Bohemia and Moravia, so the knowledge gained could become an indispensable base for further study of urban history. Despite the undoubted difficulty, which is placed on the researcher of research focused in this way, the reconstruction of the Hradec (Králové) municipal office activities to 1620 for instance proved that even with the greatly fragmentary nature of the material, it is possible to reach quite fundamental knowledge on the development of the Bohemian urban milieu, especially thanks to overcoming the formal diplomatics analysis and studies of the isolated sources and thanks to the use of knowledge from a number of historical disciplines. Another indisputable advantage is monitoring a longer time period of the development of the relevant office, which can easily reveal the progress or regress of the individual towns, that had not yet formed a homogeneous whole in Bohemia and Moravia even in the period of the Early Modern Period, namely not even in the case of royal towns. This certain individual nature is typical also for the area of municipal offices, the organizational structure of which and the method of keeping the documents reflect the importance and emancipation of the relevant urban milieu and generally also the number of its denizens. It was only the reform interventions of Maria Theresia and especially then Joseph II that created the new conditions for the development of municipal office practices and for their unification, which arose from the new classification of Bohemian and Moravian towns.

Anotácie

Author(s): Martin Pekár,Lucia Tokárová,Nikoleta Lattová,Mikuláš Jančura / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

HOŘEJŠ, MILOŠ – KŘÍŽEK, JIŘÍ. ZÁMEK S VŮNÍ BENZÍNU : AUTOMOBILY A ŠLECHTA V ČESKÝCH ZEMÍCH DO ROKU 1945; OTČENÁŠOVÁ, SLÁVKA – ZAHORÁN, CSABA (EDS.). SHIFTING DISCOURSES ON CENTRAL EUROPEAN HISTORIES; SOUKUPOVÁ, BLANKA – STAWARZ, ANDRZEJ (EDS.). MÝTUS – „REALITA“ – IDENTITA : NÁRODNÍ METROPOLE V ČASE „NÁVRATU DO EVR OPY“; SPURNÝ, MATĚJ. MOST DO BUDOUCNOSTI : LABORATOŘ SOCIALISTICKÉ MODERNITY NA SEVERU ČECH;

Музей и културен пейзаж

Author(s): Irena Bokova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The text is an introduction into the main trends in the understanding of landscape with an emphasis on "cultural landscape". The article develops the idea of a museum which presents and interprets cultural landscapes connected to places and areas of social activities and perceptions. The aim is to analyze the relationship between the museum as a venue and setting for the presentation of lifestyles and audiences associated with the territory as a lived and experienced entity. The text reveals diverse readings of the relationships between people and their places of living, the historical changes in the relations of men and nature and its transformation into living environment. The re-evaluation and the re-valorization of important moments in the lives of citizens understood as active builders of a specific territory and ways of life are also discussed. The article presents the creation of the cultural landscape in the contemporary situation and analyzes the position of the museum as part of the landscape as well as the presentation of cultural landscape in expositions.

Морално-етична, съдебна и стопанска политика на ВМОРО към българското население в Македония и Одринско до 1912 г.

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Even in the beginning and later in the course of its development, IMARO generated a number of program documents that turn in some written rules regulating behaviour, both in its personnel constituted and among the Christian population in Macedonia and Adrianople region. These documents became a kind of “laws”. A system of control and enforcement of established rules was implemented.

Judgment of the Hague tribunal against Radovan Karadzic - confirmation of the greater Serbian Ideology, policy and practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Rasim Muratović / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

It has been a well-known fact that Radovan Karadzic as the President of the Republic of Srpska and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, was an exponent of the ideology of Serbian hegemony of the Serbian political, military and police regime. That regime was planned, organized and he carried out the aggression against the internationally recognized state, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the aggression and destruction of the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Radovan Karadzic gave repeated impetus and organized political and armed rebellion against the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina having been given the support by the Army of Yugoslavia, which represented the most serious offence in all socio-political systems. The main objective of the aggressive war-mongering campaign, led by Milosevic and Karadzic as his assistant in charge of Bosnia, was the war with the purpose of conquering the territory, expulsion and physical liquidation and elimination of non-Serbs from criminally conquered space. It was committed under the flag of fascist ideological fanaticism of the “national threat”.

Crimes against children in Gorazde during the siege 1992-1995

Author(s): Muamer Džananović / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

Children in war benefit from the general protection of international humanitarian law as civilians or combatants in any sort of conflict. Despite that fact, it is obvious that the Army of the Republic of Srpska during the war against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995, highly violated fundamental rights of children by depriving them of the right to life, education, of electricity, water and food supplies, having them wounded and their home destroyed.The aggressor knew that by the commission of crimes against children a multifaceted crime was committed. In addition to the crimes against children, the crimes were committed against their parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, friends and everyone who had children and against those who could realize the gravity of such crimes.

VDNKH Exhibition: Stalinist main propaganda venue and its transformations of today

Author(s): Olga Zinovieva,Alexander Lobodanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The Moscow All-Union Exhibition of Agriculture (VSKHV) since 1939 or, as it has been known since 1959, the All-Union Exhibition of Economic Achievements, (VDNKH), has just reclaimed its second original name and is ready for another series of urban transformations. The current trend of the growing interest in Soviet cultural heritage, awareness among professionals and common people, together with the need to maintain and use the dilapidating propagandistic Stalinist “temples” and “palaces”, as well as its misused public space have convinced the City Administration to look for investors and balance between preservation and remodeling. This paper explores both professional and public attitudes toward this place, how bloggers and web-pages reflect on what is going on there, and asks whether the Exhibition is seen as a glorious history of the fallen regime or is it still a vision of a bright future, as once declared by the designers of the Exhibition.

Haunted landscapes. Post-socialist memory limbo of contemporary Poland

Author(s): Mariusz Czepczyński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Post-communist landscapes are undergoing continuous process of transformations, more dynamically than many others types of cultural landscapes. One interpretation is followed by another reinterpretation; from the early festive anti-communist cleansings, thought discreet minor re-interpretations, infused by local and national political transformations, to contemporary ‘deep peeling’ or second wave of landscape purges. It looks like, contrary to the progressive van Gennep model of liminality, tradition oriented Polish society has been stacked up in a liminal limbo, unable or/and unwilling to go further and forget or assimilate the real or alleged communist landscapes. Since the 2016 election and the rise of populist-right powers, the Polish landscape has been haunted by the ghosts of communist past and it became clear that the past is still lives here now. New landscape modes of interpretations has been imposed and the spectre of communism, as Marx said almost 170 years, is still haunting over Central and Eastern Europe.

Kronika

Author(s): Zuzana Tokárová,Barbara Kacerová,Lucia Heldáková,Katarína Hromuľáková,Martin Pekár,Max Welch Guerra / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

HORIZON 2020 MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE, INNOVATIVE TRAINING NETWORK, EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE PROGRAMME URBANHIST. HERITAGE AND GENEALOGY. THE CONFERENCE OF YOUNG HISTORIANS VI : MIGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE’S HISTORY. CRISIS OR THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION? FACTS, INTERPRETATIONS, MEMORY – WORKSHOP FOR THE STUDENTS OF HISTORY. CURRENT RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THE MINORITY POLICY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY. PRICE OF VICTORY”. ABDUCTED CITIZENS FROM SLOVAKIA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES INTO THE USSR IN THE YEARS 1944 – 1945.

Anotácie

Author(s): Mária Fedorčáková,Mikuláš Jančura,Marta Sendeková,Monika Ďuďáková,Lucia Tokárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

VAJDA, BARNABÁS – GAUCSÍK, ISTVÁN (EDS.). VÁROSTÖRTÉNETI FEJEZETEK A CSEHSZLOVÁK SZOCIALIZMUS KORÁBÓL : AZ URBANIZÁCIÓ FORMÁI DÉL-SZLOVÁKIÁBAN. DZURIKANINOVÁ, NIKOLETA (ED.). VOJENSKÉ KONFLIKTY V DEJINÁCH EURÓPY. STRETNUTIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV V. ČOVAN, MIROSLAV. HISTORICKÉ NÁPISY ZO ŠARIŠA DO ROKU 1650. CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM SLOVACIAE 1. NÁPISY NA SLOVENSKU. LAURENCE, RAY. ŘÍM V ROCE 300 N. L. – TURISTICKÝ PRŮVODCE PO STAROVĚKÉM SVĚTĚ. TATRANSKÝ, ADAM. STOROČIE KOŠICKÝCH ELEKTRIČIEK, 1913 – 2013. GLEJTEK, MIROSLAV – LABANC, PETER. CVIČENIE Z HISTORICKEJ CHRONOLÓGIE : SPÔSOBY DATOVANIA V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKU. GLEJTEK, MIROSLAV – LABANC, PETER. CVIČENIA ZO STREDOVEKEJ LATINSKEJ PALEOGRAFIE : UHORSKÉ LISTINNÉ PÍSMO V 13. - 16. STOROČÍ.

Списък на публикациите на Иван Венедиков

Author(s): Ivan Venedikov / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian,French,Russian,German Issue: 19/2011

Metody działań organów bezpieczeństwa wobec duchowieństwa i wiernych Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w województwie koszalińskim w latach 1950–1975

Author(s): Konrad Konkol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

The end of the II WW brought Poland into the USSR’s influence zone. The 1940s was a decade which institutionalised the communist power imposed on every area of people’s lives. One of the most difficult task to implement was the secularization of polish society. Catholic world-view was one of the major factors that influenced their behaviour and way of thinking and meaningfully contrasted with atheism ‘recommended’ by the communists. That is why one of the Security Service priorities was clergy surveillance and repressions referred to undermine clergy’s authority as well as pulling back the believers away from the Roman Catholic Church learning. Those operations were equal in action in the whole country, including Koszalin Province, which was constituted in the summer of 1950.