Да си ученик на Фотинов

Author(s): Nadya Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The study is dedicated to Constantin Fotinov (1785-1858) - one of the most important and influential figures in the history of the Bulgarian intellectual life in the 19th century. Fotinov did not write a special treatise on childhood and his account of childhood is not to be found explicitly and systematically expressed in a single work therefore it has to be extracted from scattered remarks. The study focuses on Fotinov’s activities as editor of the review “Luboslovie” and teacher. It offers concrete examples which reveal that Fotinov may be placed at the beginning of a tradition of a child-centred education. Special attention is paid to the philosophy of the Enlightenment which strongly influenced the formation of the Bulgarian literati during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Училищното наказание или за властите на/в институцията

Author(s): Elena Tacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The research is directed to the school culture of the Bulgarian Revival. It is based on the conviction that the school punishement was important element of this culture. From the point of view of the punishement an important reading of several important cultural facts situated in different spheres of the social life of 19th century has been achieved. Punishement was interpreted as a sign of long cultural memory including relicts from Antiquity and Middle Ages. Different punishement practices and the school legislation legitimizing them have been researched. Parallels between disciplinary functions of the panishement in the school and in some professional societies have been done. The evolution of the school punishement reflects the development of the school institution and describe its efforts for modernization.

Żydzi w koloniach angielskich w Ameryce w XVII i XVIII wieku

Author(s): Zbigniew Lewicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The article deals with the presence of Jews in English colonies on the American continent, i.e., before the American revolution. In terms of numbers or percentages this presence was not significant but it should be noted that, as opposed to the situation in Europe, there were never any acts or prejudice against the Jews in the colonies, and what prejudice there was concerned any religious group other than the predominant one in the given colony. At the same time, the Jewish colonists formed a far less closed community than in Europe and intermarriage was relatively frequent. However, this always meant the conversion of the Jew or Jewess to Christian faith, as the opposite situation could lead to the emergence of anti-Jewish sentiment. This could lead to acculturation, all the more so as the Jews followed the local custom and ttire, and there were no rabbis in the colonies. Since the mid-18th century, Jews living in the colonies could become naturalized British citizens, without even being required to renounce their faith. For all these reasons, when the American state was born, its Jewish citizens never felt treated as an alien element like in Europe and could become fully integrated with the community around them.

Az Erdélyi Fejedelemség törvénykezése

Author(s): Veronka Dáné / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2013

The jurisdiction of the Principality of Transylvania evolved as a result of a process which lasted many decades, side by side with the state, uniting the characteristics of the pre-Mohács Hungarian Kingdom and the novel characteristics of the new state. The year 1619 could be regarded as the end date of this process. The jurisdiction of the Principality is characterized by unity as well as diversity with regard to the basic statute and the procedures. The unity is due to the fact that, with the exception of the saxon natio, all others, the nobility of Transylvania and the Partium, as well as the judicial praxis of the Szeklers, relied in varying degrees upon the dispositions of the Decretum Tripartitum, composed by Werbőczy, and thereafter, upon the parliamentary articles from 1619, composed as a result of the harmonization process initiated by Gábor Bethlen. A more pronounced tendency towards unification, manifested by the princes, can be observed in the 16th and the 17th century. The diversity is due to the various systems of common law of the different natios, which had to be accepted for the sake of the state’s stability.

Fejedelmi építkezések Erdélyben

Author(s): András Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2013

The beginning of the principality coincided with the spreading of the manifestations of the high and the late renaissance in Transylvania. The castles Szamosújvár (Gherla) and Nagyvárad (Oradea) are important early relics of the revolution in the field of military science. In the transitional period, Queen Dowager Isabel and her son, John Sigismund, occupy the domains of the bishop and the chapter of Transylvania. Due to these circumstances, the capital of the principality is located at the seat from Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia) of the medieval episcopate. The bishop’s palace has been remade and extended already in these first decades. The greatest achievement from the era of the princes from the House of Báthory was the castle of Nagyvárad (Oradea). The next important period of building operations begins with the reing of Gabriel (Gábor) Bethlen (1613–1629). Practically, he tripled the extension of the princely palace and established the Collegium Academicum, built a water conduit and also contributed to city planning. His Lombard architect, Giacomo Resti, planned the residences built at the domains of Alvinc (Vinţul-de-Jos), Nagyvárad (Oradea), Radnót (Iernut) and Balázsfalva (Blaj), which also served as models for his entourage. His interrupted building operations were continued by the princes György Rákóczi I and II. After the great destructions of the years 1658–1661, practically everything had to be resumed from scratch.

Nemesi társadalom az Erdélyi Fejedelemségben

Author(s): Klára Papp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2013

Szulejmán szultán akaratából I. János király felesége és csecsemõ fia megkapta a Tiszától keletre fekvõ országrészt. Mégis igen hosszú folyamat zajlott le 1571-ig, amikor a speyeri egyezmény megkötését követõen létrejött az Erdélyi Fejedelemség, amelyet a kortársak röviden Erdélynek neveztek. Ekkorra alakult ki a terület kettõs függése (a Magyar Királyságtól és az Oszmán Birodalomtól), formálódott az egykori vajdaság és a Partiumnak nevezett vármegyék területi egysége, amelynek pontos határait a Habsburg-uralkodóval kötött megállapodásban rögzítették.

Revoluţia de la 1848-1849 în oglinda presei de limbă germană din Banat

Author(s): Ciprian Glăvan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 54/2015

Dieser Artikel behandelt die Ereignisse der Revolution von 1848-1849 im Banat und ihre Spiegelung in der deutschsprachigen Presse dieser Provinz. Zu dieser Zeit wurden in Temeswar drei periodische Publikationen veröffentlicht: das „Temesvarer Wochenblatt”, das schon seit längerer Zeit erschien und die 1848 gegründeten und zur selben Zeit erschienenen Zeitungen „Tagesanzeiger” und „Der Südungar”. Bis am Anfang der neoabsolutistischen Periode erschienen alle regelmäßigen periodischen Publikationen aus dem Banat, ausschließlich in Temeswar und nur in deutscher Sprache. Am Anfang hatten alle drei Zeitungen eine günstige Einstellung gegenüber der Revolution. Während des Monats Oktober 1848 mussten aber der „Tagesanzeiger” und „Der Südungar” ihre Erscheinung einstellen, während das „Temesvarer Wochenblatt” eine gegenrevolutionäre Stellung ab diesen Moment einnahm. Das „Temesvarer Wochenblatt” wurde noch bis Juni 1849 herausgegeben, als es wegen der Belagerung Temeswars durch die ungarische revolutionäre Armee seine Erscheinung einstellen musste.

A Ferencz József-féle konfirmációi káté fordításai

Author(s): Elek Rezi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

József Ferencz’s Confi rmation Catechism (also called the Confi rmation Catechism of the Hungarian Unitarian Church) has been translated from Hungarian into: German, English, Romanian, Finnish, Norwegian, Italian, and French. This paper covers the life and activity of translators, as well as the historical background, and the importance of translations.

A villamos áram bevezetése Kolozsváron (1894–1906)

Author(s): László Fazakas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2014

“More lighting” – based on this slogan in 1894 a civilian movement launched its activity to improve the conditions of public lighting and to urge the installation of electricity in Cluj. The political debates, assemblies and negotiations regarding this issue could be characterized as a nearly decade long fight with windmills, which fortunately culminated in a success. However, this long process had a major impact on the city, and profound changes were made. The city devoted an enormous amount of money to the introduction of electricity, more than five million crowns. The economic development stagnated due to the decade long inertia and incompetence of the city leaders, but other urbanization processes also accelerated after the introduction of electricity, in spite of the slow convergence the city of Cluj preserved its central role in Transylvania, and due to its established

Povijest Istočne Europe: Kako je Sjever postao Istokom?

Author(s): Tihomir Cipek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2000

U članku se prikazuje razvoj historiografske discipline - povijest Istočne Europe- u Njemačkoj i Austriji. Upozorava se na proces institucionalizacije, glavne istraživače, časopise i teme te na promjene njezine uloge i zadaće uvjetovane povijesnim događajima.

Jugoszlávia a nulladik évben

Author(s): Árpád Hornyák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2015

In the modern history of the South Slavic people the dates 1918, 1941 and 1945 were crucial. 1918 meant the unification of the South Slavic people in one state for the first time in the history. In 1941 this state was disrupted, while the year 1945 offered a new beginning for them. This article deals with this last date as ground zero for new Yugoslavia by giving a sketchy overview of the new directions, possibilities and limitations of the efforts of the new regime. The new post-war Yugoslavia and its communist leadership broke up with the social and political legacy of the pre-war Yugoslavia. The only aspect of the policy of the old Yugoslavia that the new regime undertook was the foreign policy. Therefore, while Tito’s Communist Party gained the full ideological and political power in the federative Yugoslavia and established the state socialist regime by the end of 1945, the communist leadership continued the pre-war endeavours of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and aimed at gaining the leading position in the Balkans.

Angol források a 17. század második felének török háborúiról

Author(s): György Gömöri / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2015

Infrastrukturális fejlesztések Kolozsváron

Author(s): László Fazakas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 11/2015

„A kása nem étel, a tót nem ember”

Author(s): János Mayer / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2016

Gróf Kálnoki Sámuel halálának és temetésének bécsi anyakönyvi forrásai

Author(s): Gábor Merényi-Metzger / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2016

A román–magyar viszony viharos történetének mozaikdarabja

Author(s): József Máriás / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2016

Aki megelőzte korát: Felvinczi György

Author(s): Ferenc Páll Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2016

Remarriage and Stepfamilies in East Central Europe, 1600–1900

Author(s): Gábor Koloh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Remarriage and Stepfamilies in East Central Europe, 1600–1900. Edited by Gabriella Erdélyi and András Péter Szabó (Routledge Research in Early Modern History. New York, NY: Routledge, 2023. 364 pp.

Wie reagierten die Betroffenen auf das Interdikt zur Regierungszeit Ludwig des Bayern (1324-1347)? – Eine Untersuchung anhand der Aufzeichnungen des Johannes von Winterthur

Author(s): Tamara Jakob / Language(s): German Issue: 01/2023

Canon law or secular law? The Pope or the King? Spiritual or secular power? The dualism between the two powers came to a head in 1324 under Ludwig the Bavarian, because the Pope used a powerful weapon. In 1324, Pope John XXII imposed the interdict on Germany. An interdict is a form of ecclesiastical punishment. Ecclesiastical punishments are measures that arise from the penal power of the Church and serve to defend the ecclesiastical legal order, which is laid down in the CIC - the Corpus Iuris Canonici. It would therefore be interesting to look at the consequences that followed from the interdict, with this work aiming to answer the question of how those affected reacted to such a punishment and how the interdict affected the lives of those affected.

Kora újkori oszmán vonatkozású dokumentumok a bécsi Haditanács levéltári hagyatékában

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Cziráki / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2023