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The present article is on the linguistic characteristics of a corpus of letters sent to the television broadcast Buona Domenica, transmitted between 1980 and 1995 by RTL Luxembourg. This corpus contains 600 letters sent to the editorial staff by Italians or other nationalities interested in the Italian language and culture, residing in Luxembourg or in the neighbouring countries: Belgium, France and Germany (the Great Region). The vivacity and spontaneity of theses letters presents us a period of time that precedes the globalization of the mass media and is not so far from our present time. Each letter chosen for this article highlights especially the relationship that bound emigrants to the autochthonous language and to the memory of their mother tongue, almost always a dialect.
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The border between secular and religious discourses, considered so far as separate ways of speaking about the world, has been getting vague in the latest religious materials. One of the manifestations of the phenomenon is the process of adapting the genres from outside the traditional religious language, which is acquiring certain elements of secular genres. The process brings about new forms of expression. One of them is a pilgrimage song. Based on the material of 360 pilgrimage songs, the author attempts to provide genre characteristics. She focuses on 3 aspects which are unique to the genre: - the pragmatic aspect (the aim and sender-recipient relations, life context); - the cognitive aspect: the subject and the way of dealing with it (perspective, a point of view, the hierarchy of values and other components of the linguistic view of the world); - the stylistic aspect: a specific linguistic shape.
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This paper is about learning to interpret, more precisely about cultural references, from the perspective of trainee or beginners interpreters. We pointed out that an interpreter never translates using only language knowledge (he must be able to understand the implicit). The main section of this study provides examples of interpretation errors pertaining to the extra-linguistic, encyclopedic knowledge, by reference field (medicine, geography, history, literature, film, politics, current events, society, food, chemistry). We have shown that the interpreter has to enrich the extra-linguistic background, in order to understand the source text more easily and accurately.
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The misusing of conjunction "căci" which means "for, because," as a substitute for conjunction "că" meaning "that" is a common mistake which people make. Rodica Zafiu gives several examples found on the Internet and concludes that people make this confusion thinking they give a their language a more formal aspect.
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The study is part of a critical system which describes, through an original critical concept (“Caragialumea”), the universe of I. L. Caragiale as a fictionary space where the artistic structure is fitted to the patterns of reality. Here we are focusing here on his writings who describe an “ideal” educational system, which prepares the future citizen of “Caragialume” for the „anti-selection of the moral values”. Those who resist it (pupils, parents or teachers) are finally penalised because this system, or any similar, will not accept you as a successful member unless you are stupid and immoral. The “perfect model” for that kind of success will be the monstrous and, in the same time, comic character of the teacher Mariu Chicos Rostogan.
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The article is an analysis of a part of the material gathered in a social research concerning the truth. I was mainly interested in respondents' definitions of the truth with reference to philosophical works on the issue. Some of the respondents referred to the classical - correspondence theory, some pointed to the onthic theory, most of them, however, understood the truth in the way which cannot be found in any philosophical theories, as the opposite of a lie - telling the truth. Another issue raised in the article is the objective or subjective character of the truth. Some of the respondents were in favor of the former concept while some others were advocating the latter. The last question is about evaluation of the truth. Based on the quoted antonyms of truth and words associated with it, one may assume that it is a positive value for the respondents.
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The article is an attempt to reconsider and reread the novel by Tadeusz Konwicki from today’s point of view and by means of research tools that has not been applied so far to this type of text. A confrontation of its character with a changed reality of the surrounding world becomes an occasion to reflect on coming to terms with tradition and ideas as well as myths of the Romantic provenience or, in a word, the whole symbolic heritage of the past while for the writer himself, also with existing hierarchies and literary conventions. In such a perspective the novel by Konwicki turns out to be an addition and supplement of "Mała apokalipsa" whereas its convention an ironic and prophetic harbinger of a direction the Polish literature goes in totally different conditions and circumstances than before.
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The paper offers an overview of Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas ('A Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian'), one of fundamental works of modern standard Lithuanian, and discusses its scope, contents and role and how all of these aspects developed from the first (in 1954) to the fifth (2003) edition. The scope of the Dictionary has gradually doubled from 45 thousand words in the first edition to 80 thousand in the fifth. Almost all editions have been amended, also edited and re-edited. As a result, some entries or meanings disappeared, some were given more details, usage instances were updated, some recommendations rewritten. All this has been due to the changes in real life. The dictionary is a work of general universal standardisation. It is meant for Lithuanians all over the world and people of other nationalities who need Lithuanian for one or another purpose.
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This paper deals with the problem of commercial proper names as an important element of the linguistic and intercultural knowledge of foreign languages, particularly in Italian area. The author introduces some notions of the onomastics, especially certain items of its new discipline, that is the chremanomastics, which analyses diverse cultural proper names (chrematonyms), other than personal proper names (antroponyms) or names of places (toponyms), used mainly in marketing. The most interesting onomastic problems that can be explored in language teaching are: the onymization, the appellativization, new lexical formations based on chrematonyms and particular cultures, created by famous brands in national and international contexts. In the conclusion, the author points out that the “onymic competence”, for example the knowledge of commercial proper names and their cultures, forms one of the factors of the global competence in languages and creates facultative windows to understanding the past and present culture of other countries.
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A metaphor used by Clement of Rome in his First Letter to the Corinthians (6, 2) has provoked much controversy among scholars. Christian women suffering outrages at the hands of pagans are presented there as „Danaids and Dirces”. The present article undertakes to prove that these names do not allude to spectacles during which the women were killed, but rather to their conflicts with pagan husbands.
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“Carmen Bucolicum de mortibus boum” was firstly edited in 1586 and from that time it has been published many times. Despite many editions it is still hard to tell who the author was and when the poem was written. Publishers used to give many inconvenient pieces of information, in which two names are being repeated: “Severus Sanctus” and “Endelechius Rhetor”. The main problem is that we cannot tell which one was the composer so editors mixed together two names and created “Severus Sanctus” Endelechius. What’s more the main theme of this poem — attack of terrible pest — disagrees with a pastoral tradition and the question is, whether “De mortibus boum” should be called a bucolic eclogue or not. One thing is sure, this poem is the only preserved example of Christian pastoral poetry and indicates influence of Christianity on Roman literature.
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The aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis about the influence of a typesetter’s work (which was greater than it has so far been assumed) on the graphical and linguistic shape of prints from the first half of 16th century. The verification is based on a comparative study of two synonymous singular genitive forms of the lexeme "deszcz" (Eng. rain) acknowledged in twin Polish editions of Księgi o gospodarstwie domowym (Eng. Books about the Household) by Piotr Krescentyn from the 16th century. In the first printing edition the analyzed accidental form was a result of the typesetter’s mistake — he made a common “typo” replacing the original suffix -u with the suffix -a. In the reprint edition from 1571 the defective fragment of the text version from 1549 was corrected, but the form "deszcza" instead of "deszczu" remained unchanged.
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For more than a century the efforts of foreign and Albanian linguists have continued to complete the framework of the etymological examinations of the Albanian language. In line with Albanian etymologists who began with George von Hahn and Gustav Meyer, followed by Holger Pedersen and Meyer-Lùbke and later by Jokl and Eric Hamp to finally come to the first etymological Albanian, Eqrem Çabej, Joining new etymologist linguists, such as the American Martin Huld, the Albanian Indo-Europeanist Bardhyl Demiraj, and the Hebrew Albanologist of Tel Aviv University, Vladimir Orel, whose most recent work will be examined in this brief review.
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