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The Martinist ideas movement, perceived as a mystical-esoteric branch of Christianity, emerged in the 18th century. The three original founders (Martines de Pasqually, Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, Jean-Baptiste Willermoz) brought different elements to it, moulding the final shape of the doctrine. Martinism owes its modern revival and popularity to another esotericist. Gerard Encausse (1865-1916) brought fresh spirit to the inheritance of his antecedents and gave it its final architecture. The present text describes the birth of this movement, with special attention to the role of Encausse in its formation.
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Après la présentation générale de la légende de Saint László la deuxième partie de l’étude interprète le cycle comme récit de sauvetage féminine, en le comparant avec les contes populaires hongrois ayant le même sujet. On dresse un modèle de développement féminine selon les traditions jungiennes, ensuite on analyse les voies de l’initiation et du développement de l’homme : les deux personnages masculins révèlent deux voies : celle de l’homme vaincu et celle de l’homme vainqueur. Les deux modèles – celui du femme et de l’homme – sont examinés aussi du point de vue de leur interférence
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Parents of newly born baby boys are advised, especially by American physicians, to have their children circumcised. The procedure is described as a preventive measure. The purpose of the procedure is to protect the boy against potential future urological and venerological infections and penile cancer. Parents face a difficult decision, since the suggested surgery bears a certain medical risk. Moreover, it lacks clear therapeutic indications. Indications of predicative character present dilemmas of the bioethical nature. This paper presents issues related to the historical and contemporary presentation of the practice of circumcision, motivations of referral to circumcision, its preventive medical reasons as well as potential risks. Moreover, the author presents a contemporary American debate concerning the admissibility of the procedure and its bioethical judgement.
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Our Church has always been focused on the education of its spiritual sons and daughters, irrespective of their age. This essential work has been revealed in many forms: preaching, confessing, setting up schools, writing and printing textbooks for students or books for general teaching, etc. The Metropolitan Iacob Putneanul, Iacob Stamati and Veniamin Costachi are only those few among many hierarchs of our Church who consistently and systematically focused on this work; hence, the name given in their hounor by their contemporaries or descendants (“The Romanians’ Pestalozzi” or “The Enlightener of Moldova”). Beyond this thorough and fundamental education provided by means of the pulpit or the confession chair, they were the founders of numerous and various schools, they wrote and published the first textbooks, they made sustained effort in introducing or reintroducing the Romanian language in schools and Church, as well as printing countless religious books, teachings, many of which had important prefaces underlining the benefits of education, emphasizing the final human destination – “rejoicing into God”. Their complex cultural work has proven fruitful both during their time and afterwards, and together with their work, they have represented remarkable highlights in the Romanian cultural history.
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This study entitled The Holy Scripture, a Significant Mark in the Religious Education of Youth, aims to present some aspects related to the education as a social phenomenon and life experience from one generation to another, closely linked to the religious education provided by Church, family, school and society. In today's crisis of identity and orientation, to talk about the religious education of youth is not very easy, it is a delicate mission to which family and then the institutionalized environments, such as school and church are called to share with supported efforts. In our presentation we hope to find an answer to these contemporary challenging issues young people face.Given the divine origin of the Holy Scripture, as well as its content, are of great importance for the life of the faithful in general and for the youth in particular, being normative for salvation, provided that it should not be interpreted as a criterion of personal judgment.The value of the Scripture and its educational and cultural superiority have been recognized directly or indirectly by humanity. Religious education of youth in the spirit of Christian moral values, which alone can fundamentally contribute to the formation of a righteous nature is clear from the wording of the Scripture. The primordial purpose of the teachings contained in the Holy Scripture is to show us the ways we can save our the souls, the essential aim of every Christian on earth.
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Dans le 17ème siècle, un frisson régénérateur commence à ressurgir la vie culturelle de l’Est orthodoxe. Le mouvement, connu comme “néo-hellénisme” est né dans la cité d’Alexandrie et une des sources importantes de ce courant florissant et aux effets durables dans la vie des gens et des peuples de l’Est est l’œuvre du théologien, philosophe, historien, homme de science et homme politique byzantin du 11ème siècle, Michel Psellos. Dans le 17ème siècle les exposants de ce mouvement innovateur sont les patriarches de l’Alexandrie Meletie Pigas (avec ses apprenties, l’archidiacre Maxim et le professeur de Venice, Gavril Seviros), Kyrillos Loukaris (plus tard devenu patriarche œcuménique) et Mitrofan Kritopulos, Panaiotis Nikussios et beaucoup de Grecs érudits de la génération jeune et plus tard les patriarches Dositei et Hrisant du Jérusalem, le métropolite Meletie de l’Athène, le métropolite Antim de la Valachie, Ilie Miniat, Alexandre Mavrocordat et beaucoup d’autres. En ce qui suit, on va essayer de faire quelques considérations sur les reflexes due à ce courant innovateur dans l’activité de deux hiérarques canonisés par l’Eglise Orthodoxe Roumaine, les Saints Métropolites Varlaam et Dosoftei, quelques érudits laïques et chefs d’Etat des Pays Roumains, connus par leurs initiatives culturelles courageuses, options politiques sages et œuvres de mécénat généreuses.
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Developing the teaching of the Church Fathers before him, Saint Cyril of Alexandria remains, in the tradition and life of the Church, the great Father who deepened the teaching of the Church in a vast majority of its chapters, such as the indissoluble connection between Christ and the Holy Spirit in which Christ is the Holder and Giver of the Holy Spirit. On the basis of the Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition, he highlights that the passages where the Scripture speaks of the Spirit descending upon Christ are about the descent over Christ as person. But it is not only at Baptism that the Spirit descends upon Him as person, it is also at conception. As God, He possesses the Spirit for eternity, being consubstantial with It. Christ is the One who gives and receives It, presenting It as the Word of God and receiving It as a person. The descent of the Spirit on Christ means the steadfast and unchanged remaining and rest of the Spirit upon Christ’s humanity and, through it, upon the whole humanity.
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The Christian’s manifestation in the world has never been easy. All the more so as theology and pedagogy are two essential components of Christian life. According to the orthodox vision, and especially to Father Dumitru Stăniloae’s, these do not boil down to mere Gospel preaching or shallow instruction, but they approach the entirety of man, body and soul, in his historical extension.
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The article entitled The relation between the doctrine and prayer as reflected in the Sacraments ritual contains preliminaries, two main parts followed by conclusion. In preliminaries we point on to the fact that the relation between doctrine and worship has been insufficiently marked out by researchers not only in the Romanian Orthodox tradition but also in other Christian traditions. Second part of the article is concentrated on the relation between dogma and worship as it was stated by St. Irenaeus Bishop of Lugdumum. In his theological view our dogma is in full concordance with the Eucharist and the Eucharist confirms back our dogma, which means that the proclamation of our faith is a liturgical act while the dogma gives content to prayer. This relation between dogma and prayer has been influenced the development of the Orthodox worship from the very beginning till now. Next part is demonstrating how the structure of the Sacraments reflects by hymns, prayers and rituals this relation. We conclude saying that the Church dogma and its prayer are so deeply intertwined that each and every one of them could be without confusion identified and assimilated to the other.
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In the context of the ever-growing need for inter-faith dialogue, at the level of the Romanian Orthodox Church, we may speak of two types of inter-faith dialogue, an institutional one – this duty belonging to the Holy Synod, and one at the parish level, this responsibility belonging to the parish priest and to the parochial community. The article aims at analysing these types of dialogues while also highlighting canonist Liviu Stan’s role in the inter-Orthodox, inter-Christian and inter-faith dialogue and its premises at European level.
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Musical manuscripts, especially those that use “psaltic notation” as we call it, are genuine sources of data in the field of musical paleography of Byzantine tradition. But, in the same time, they are real research instruments offering the investigators unsuspected possibilities in the formulation of some hypothesis that are hard to anticipate, but which have the value of a theorem after being accepted by the specialists.
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In this paper there are new historical data that allowed the silver revetment that cover the icon “Virgin Hodigitria with the Akathist Hymn” that belongs to the Frumoasa Monastery in Iasi, to be dated.
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2017 marks 20 years since the graduation of the first the first generation of students from the Cultural Patrimony, set up in the Faculty of the Orthodox Theology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi. Beside the Conservation – Restoration of Icon - Polychrome Wood, other sections were founded: Conservation – Restoration of Document-Book and Church Painting. They now function in the Sacred Art Department, which appeared later in other Romanian universities, as a polarization of the initiation brought about for over two decades in Iasi by His Eminence Daniel, Metropolitan of Moldavia and Bucovina (now Patriarch Daniel of Romania) who, in 1997, set up the Ressurectio Centre, that provided jobs for young graduates. In the article below, we briefly recall some information and insert some images about The Sacred Art Department of the Faculty of Theology of “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, further supported with fatherly dedication by His Eminence Teofan, Metropolitan of Moldavia and Bucovina, also founder of remarkable educational and cultural achievements. Regarding the specificity of the activities carried out in the Sacred Art Department, those wishing to know more closely in this way are invited to descend framed them.
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A feuilleton on the tendency to associate the emotion of shame with the corporeal aspect of the human being and human life, accompanied by the phenomenon of the disappearance of shame as a regulator of social relations in general.
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At the beginning of the 21st century religious communities have again become the focus of everyday life in the Balkans and Europe in general. New challenges showed the importance of religion but unfortunately it is obvious that we need to provide new directions in order to answer to these issues. Immigrant crises brought millions of people into Europe while terrorist attacks show the power of religious convictions. We have been challenged to look for how to provide new guidelines for Religious Education in contemporary society. Respecting partnership with other religious communities and achieved goals we have again been called to struggle together in the present time to deal with new tasks. We have been invited to cross the line of tolerance in order to enter into the space of true common life. In order to achieve some of these goals we need to look upon our theology and from that ground to build a new “dynamic” understanding of RE and its role in education.
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This article describes the nature of the embryo from a religious (Orthodox Christian) point of view. The issues associated with the beginning of a human life and the present state of scientific developments has made the status of the embryo a major controversial issue. For some religions, the human embryo is a human person from the moment of conception, but for the others, the more important moment is the moment of ensoulment- when the embryo or foetus develops or obtains a soul. The official Church texts express the orthodox anthropology which is based on Christological doctrine. The common guideline of all the Churches is that the embryo is regarded from the standpoint of having both a human beginning and a human potentiality. From the very moment of conception, the embryo is not considered simply as a fertilised egg but as a perfect human being. Over time, the status of the embryo has been formed so that today we might appear to have a new way of thinking, but we have to accept that this way of thinking has actually persisted for more than two millennia. This question of the status of the human embryo has been debated by many in the medical field, secular philosophy and by religious scholars. The conclusion reached is that the human embryo must be regarded as a neighbour.
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