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Parents of children with special needs have many duties when compared to parents of children with typical development and they face with many hardships in every stages of their lives. Parents cannot cope with hardships easily and they can fray out from emotional dimensions. This study carried out based on the idea that problems and hardships experienced by the parents of children with special needs make them to head for religion. It was aimed to determine the religious tendencies of parents of children with special needs in this research. Participants of the study consisted of 68 parents of children with special needs and 'Religious Tendency Scale' was administered to the parents. The results of the study showed that parents were undecided on general religious tendency, internal and external religious tendency.
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Peter Ahlwardt, an eighteenth-century professor at the University in Greifswald, is primarily remembered as the author of the Bronto-theology, in which he presented his thunder-theology – an idea which belongs to a very strong physico-theology movement at that time. This article situates this very small portion of physico-theology in the context of Ahlwardt’s philosophy and theology. In his epistemology, Ahlwardt stressed the need for reason in understanding and appreciating revelation. Conversely, he also required that reason should be illuminated by the Holy Spirit, thereby stating that the revelation is the final authority. Ahlwardt rejected the idea of an inborn concept of God – thus, the only way open to the knowledge of God is a posteriori from God’s creation. Ahlwardt proved the existence of God from self-awareness. Creation exists to show God’s infinite perfections, and humans, as rational creatures, should investigate nature to see these perfections and learn about the will of God. Like other physico-theologians, Ahlwardt used his investigation of thunder and lightning to show that they are manifestations of God’s attributes. Relying on the perfection and the unity of God’s attributes, Ahlwardt argued that these investigated atmospheric phenomena are as much the manifestations of God’s wrath as of His love; they make people see the greatness of God’s splendour and make them think about God’s perfections.
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The article was inspired by the Year of Saint Joseph (2020/2021), announced by Pope Francis on 8 December 2020, and the occasional Apostolic Letter Patris corde, as well as the teaching of the post-Conciliar Church and the growing liturgical and non-liturgical worship of St Joseph. The aim of the article is to show the spirituality of St Joseph as a model and sign for contemporary people. The intended goal made it possible to specifically formulate the problem of the study, which boils down to the question: why does St Joseph appear as kairos in the third millennium? In order to achieve the set goal and solve the problem, the article was structured in the form of a triptych. The first chapter presents a feature of Joseph’s biography in light of the Gospel. It shows the gradual discovery of the place and role of St Joseph in the history of salvation. The second chapter presents selected aspects of Josephological spirituality that call for imitation. The third chapter is devoted to the reading of Saint Joseph’s kairos, given to us for the third millennium. The research conducted in each of the chapters has indicated that the lived Year of Saint Joseph, which is celebrated by the universal Church, as well as the growing interest in Josephological spirituality, inspire us to deepen his multi-dimensional personality and draw from it a universal message for the third millennium. Such an approach to the person and mission of St Joseph makes it possible to discover and honour him as a special patron for the difficult period of the third millennium. The importance of St Joseph continues to grow, and his intercession is becoming effective and more necessary, especially in the community of believers. The dissertation makes one aware that the holy patriarch teaches us, with the power of his faith, to entrust the history of mankind to God in the great confusion of contemporary disbelief. Moreover, his unique attitude involving silence, combined with praying for silence and work, makes him a man of the Gospel. Joseph’s faith in Christ and his faithfulness to the Gospel are “a sign of the times” for contemporaries and must be constantly read, making St Joseph a specific kairos for the third millennium.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, which surfaced in early 2020, has become an opportunity for theologians and philosophers to sort out several dogmatic issues. One of the tasks that were undertaken was an attempt to establish the place of the old devotional practice called spiritual communion in the religious order. Spiritual communion is usually defined as the earnest desire to receive sacramental communion, which can arouse in a believer in situations when it is not possible to receive the Eucharist physically. Most often, this desire is accompanied by appropriate prayer. However, theologians are not unanimous about the effectiveness of spiritual communion: some argue that spiritual communion is as effective as sacramental communion, while others claim that the effectiveness of spiritual communion cannot be equated with that of sacramental communion. The aim of this study is to justify the thesis that sacramental communion always surpasses spiritual communion in terms of effectiveness. This can be supported by statements of Thomas Aquinas and the Council of Trent, as well as a philosophical analysis of the fact of incarnation that God made in order to enter into a physical, not just spiritual, community with humans.
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The ritual of slaughtering of a red cow, the preparation of water of purification, and its use in cases of contamination through contact with the sphere of death seem unusual and out of place. Nevertheless, the article attempts to justify why Nm 19 nevertheless has a place. The pericope is classified here as a post-priestly text in which a new aspect is introduced: care for the ritual cleanliness of the sanctuary and community despite everyday contact with the sphere of death and the control of this cleanliness by the priests. A new aspect is precisely this concern for maintaining the purity of the ritual community despite the inevitable contact with the bodies of the deceased. The ritual described in the text is first expressed in a unique method of purification (on the third and seventh day), and then also explains that everything takes place outside the camp, but both priests and laity have their parts in the proceedings. Finally, it is also unique that the priests cure impurity as a result of participating in the ritual of preparing the water of cleansing. Everything takes place outside the sacrificial system, somewhat on its periphery, imitating the atoning sacrifices for sin and producing similar effects to them, but without being such victims. In this way, the legislator wishes, on the one hand, to preserve the ritual character of the rites and to leave them under the supervision of the priests. On the other hand, it aims to maintain the widest possible access to ritual cleansing with the help of water mixed with the ash from a red cow. At the same time, the legislator is aware that the entire procedure is and should remain non-cultic in nature.
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This research basically aims to empirically address the relationship between ungratefulness and religiousness in young people in terms of religious psychology. Also, the research targeted to identify differences and associations in the levels of religiousness and ungratefulness of participants based on socio-cultural and demographic factors. In the research conducted using screening method and online survey technique; Individuals between the ages of 18 and 26 living within the provincial boundaries of Izmir form the population of the research. The 473 young people selected by the method of random sampling from this population constitute the sampling of the research. The research used "Personal Information Form," "Ungratefulness Scale" and "Ok-Religiousness Scale" as data collection tools. SPSS 25 statistical package software was used to analyze the raw data taken from the research. In the analysis of the data, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation techniques were used. The results of the study showed a negative and significant relationship between overall religiousness and the dimensions of cognition, emotion related to God, and ungratefulness towards Allah (UTA). Similarly, a negative and statistically significant relationship was established between overall religiousness and the dimensions of cognition, emotion related to God, and overall total ungratefulness (OTU). On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between ungratefulness towards teachers (UTT), ungratefulness towards fathers (UTF), ungratefulness towards other people doing favor (UTPDF), and the overall total religiosity and all sub-dimensions of religiosity.
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In recent years continues to increase interest in religion in Turkey and in the world. All that is effective in the world that the proliferation of groups claiming to live in the core of institutional religion, the rise of new religious movements and the politics of religious discourse in Turkey and the world is an example of this situation. In addition, in Turkey, interest in religious institutions and professions has increased significantly due to the demands of the people and the discourse and actions of political power. There are emotional, mental and behavioral dimensions of the religious officials' professional attitude, which is formed by his/her life related to his/her professionFeelings such as liking or disliking the profession form the emotional dimension of his/her professional attitude. His/her thoughts and knowledge about the profession constitute the cognitive (mental) dimension of professional attitude. The behavioral dimension of professional attitude is professional activities and work performed in accordance with their emotional and cognitive dimensions. Organization and work dimensions of burnout are important in terms of the formation and development of the burnout concept, since people spend most of their lives at work. They reflect their work life, organizational structure, even unintentionally, to their family and home lives. Workload weight, the nature of the job, work-friendliness relationships, communication, as well as the organization's management and organizational structure, the strategies and policies applied managerial practices and sanctions, laws, legistlations and regulations can lay the groundwork for the occurrence of burnout syndrome on an individual level. In this study, the level of professional attitude and burnout of employees in various titles in religious higher education institutions, Ministry of National Education and Presidency of Religious Affairs in seven metropolitan cities, each of which is located in different regions of Turkey, were examined. A questionnaire including demographic information, professional attitude and professional burnout scales was used as a data collection tool. Within the scope of the study, the questionnaires of a total of 3662 participants, including 282 academics, 1605 teachers and 1775 religious officials, were accepted as valid. The data obtained as a result of the study were analysed by SPSS 23.0 statistics program. In the study, the level of significance was determined as p <0.05. As a result of the analysis, a high-level inverse correlation was observed between professional burnout and professional attitude. Moreover, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between variables such as marital status, age, length of service, gender, city of residence and education level, and professional attitude and burnout, although it varies from institution to institution. The place of residence, title, and the reason for choosing the profession have been observed to have a similar effect in all institutions in terms of professional attitude and burnout. The results obtained were interpreted by the researcher, and some suggestions were made based on the results.
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The increasing use of the internet and smartphones, especially with the pandemic, has led people to spend more time on different platforms. In the researches, it has been revealed that individuals especially youths actively use search engines such as Google, which facilitate the access to information as well as social media platforms such as Facebook (Fb), Instagram, Twitter. In fact, the expressions of “Molla Google” and “Hazreti Google” indicate its extensive usage among youth. However, it is difficult to say that the opportunities offered by the mass communication tools brought by the information age can always be used favorable and correctly. As a matter of fact, the question of what is the extent of the influence of the virtual world on the new meanings that can be attributed to values, especially change and degeneration in values, occupies the minds. Therefore, the problem of identification with values caused by this change, which has attracted attention in young people in recent years, is one of the issues that draw attention in researches. It is argued that the youth’s relations with their families and their environment weakened and they became asocial, and at the same time they have become socialized in the virtual world; values such as respect, love and tolerance have been shaken. In this respect, the studies on the effects of the content provided by the virtual world on the youth’s value perceptions were analyzed. Related articles were classified under two themes. The first of these themes is “youth, religion and digital media”. The second is “youth, value and digital media”. 26 of the articles on youth, internet, religion and value published through the DergiPark system in the last ten years (2010-2020) have been evaluated from the religious education perspective by using the literature review method. Almost all of the studies (with the exception of one) are field studies that present qualitative and quantitative data. In these studies, it was observed that the use of digital media for religious purposes in the relationship between youth, religion and value, marginalization, love-hate-cyberbullying, and privacy as well as internet addiction problem were examined. The border-removing structure of digital media affects the value perception and hierarchy of youth, but it creates an environment of competition and choice besides information pollution. As a result of the researches, it has been revealed that the opportunities offered by digital media may cause fluctuations in the value perception levels. In this context, the problem of supervision of technological tools that bring education and entertainment together, security risks and erroneous learning caused by misinformation, along with being exposed to pornography, images and advertisements in which violence and bad habits are normalized can cause many psychological, social, especially religious and moral problems. Therefore, it can be said that there is a need for new studies that will more clearly identify the value degeneration and for new contents of Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge (RCMK) course that will raise awareness of the youth against these problems.
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Theology faculties serve as teacher training institutions that train Religious Culture and Ethics teachers to work in primary and secondary schools, and vocational course teachers to work in Imam-Hatip high schools. The success of teacher candidates in teaching as a professional occupation that requires certain knowledge, skills, and attitudes depends on having the necessary equipment and qualifications. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of theology students towards to teaching profession and their occupational anxiety levels; and to understand the relationship between the attitudes of theology students towards teaching profession and their occupational anxiety levels. To achieve this goal, explanatory research design was adopted as a correlational research design. The research group consists of 413 students studying at Necmettin Erbakan University Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Theology in the spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. "The Profession of Teaching Attitude Scale " and "Occupational Anxiety Scale" were used as data collection tools. SPSS (version 21.0) statistical package software was used to analyse the data obtained in the study, and firstly, the mean and standard deviation values were calculated in the sub-dimensions that consist of the professional attitude and occupational anxiety level. Then, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between the attitude towards the teaching profession and the level of professional anxiety. In addition, the coefficient of determination was calculated to examine the total variance explained. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the study, the attitudes of theology students towards the teaching profession are at a positive level in terms of love, value, and harmony. According to findings, theology students’ attitudes towards teaching profession are positive. On the other hand, “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety”, “adaptation oriented anxiety”, and “school management oriented anxiety” levels of theology students are low; “interaction with student oriented anxiety”, “individual self-development oriented anxiety”, and “occupational exam oriented anxiety” are middle level. While the factor with the lowest level of anxiety among theology students was “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety” (x̄=4.06), it was seen that the factor with the highest level of anxiety was “occupational exam-oriented anxiety” (x̄=2.99). The results of the study showed that there was a significant negative low-level correlation between “love” factor and “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety”, “adaptation-oriented anxiety”, while a significant positive low-level correlation between “love” factor and “occupational exam oriented anxiety”. There is a significant positive low-level correlation between “value” factor and “interaction with student oriented anxiety”, “individual self-development oriented anxiety”, “occupational exam oriented anxiety”. Finally, there is a significant negative low-level correlation between “adaptation” factor and “job-oriented anxiety”, “socio-economic anxiety”, “interaction with student-oriented anxiety”, “colleagues and students’ parents-oriented anxiety”, “adaptation oriented anxiety”.
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