"Geografija religije"
„GEOGRAFIJA RELIGIJE“ Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu , 2011 , pp. 500 , ISBN 978-86-82657-88-0
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„GEOGRAFIJA RELIGIJE“ Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu , 2011 , pp. 500 , ISBN 978-86-82657-88-0
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This article reexamines the evidence of Jewish presence in Poland from the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries in connection with problems of origins, periodization, and localization of Jewish settlement in Poland. It deals inter alia with questions regarding the balance between Jewish and Christian evidence, as well as with reports of Jewish presence from neighboring areas of Eastern Europe such as Kievan Rus’. The reevaluation of evidence on medieval Polish Jews helps to illuminate the origins of eastern Ashkenazi Jewry, as well as to clarify diverse aspects of the history of early Eastern Europe. Thus, for example, among the most important general conclusions is the lack of continuity across three waves of Jewish migration and settlement in Poland. Since most Polish Jews were descendants of the third wave of Jewish migration into Poland, there is little doubt that the vast majority of them came from Germany and Bohemia, mostly via Silesia. We can also reliably conjecture that the Jewish population of southwestern Rus’—whatever its origins (possibly also at least partially Ashkenazi) and size (possibly reduced by the Mongol conquest)— came to be integrated with immigrants from the west due to the eastward expansion of Lithuania and Poland during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Thus, most modern Ashkenazi Jewry must go back to the melding of these two communities.
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Williams, J.G. (2012) Girardians: The Colloquium on Violence and Religion, 1990–2010
review of: ------------------------ Williams, J.G. (2012) Girardians: The Colloquium on Violence and Religion, 1990–2010
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Historical Events of the 20th Century and Their Relevance for the Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia (Czechoslovakia). In 2018, the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Prešov commemorates the 200th anniversary of its establishment. Throughout its existence, the eparchy experienced its heyday and there were times when the eparchy struggled and suffered. The darkest period was the total liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church by the totalitarian regime in the years of 1950–1968. The eparchy resumed its activities in 1968 during the “Prague Spring”. The period of unrestricted activities of the eparchy, however, commenced after the “Velvet Revolution” in 1989.
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This is the second of two articles that argue a case for a ‘big picture’ re-orientation of Australian Catholic school K-12 religion curricula. The first article considered that there has been such a great change in the landscape of contemporary spirituality that the traditional framework of religious meanings within which Catholic school religion curricula are written is out of synch with the meanings that inform contemporary spiritualities. A proposed responsive change in orientation suggests that more prominence needs to be given to the critical interpretation and evaluation of cultural meanings, while not neglecting the more traditional aim of giving young Catholics meaningful access to their religious heritage. The apparently different estimates of spirituality for children and adolescents also need to be taken into account. If many of the pupils in Catholic schools will never become actively involved in parishes when they grow up, then religious education needs to offer more than familiarising them with Catholic theology and religious practice; it also needs to equip them with skills to address the spiritual and moral issues they will encounter in life. Attention is given to what this entails in both content and pedagogy, at primary and secondary levels.
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The mystics always have a special interest in human beings. They think about bothhuman being and his ideas, that is, in their thinking anthropology is of greatimportance from various dimensions especially epistemological, ethical andsocial. Therefore, the drawing and explanation of the features of the mystical manis a concern. They are for the sake of man and his greatness. Of course, it shouldbe noted that their attitude towards humans is more than moral and moraldimension, and other aspects of anthropology, practical action, have a specialplace in his thought. This attitude towards man by him is the epistemic existentialdimensions, as well as the nature of human truth, and in particular, the perfectman's attributes Includes. In this article, we use the views and opinions of thesetwo great mystics and their interpretation based on their literary texts to study therole and effect of self-knowledge as a great and common way between the twomystics for connecting to the Absolute Truth. The present study is a descriptivecomparative study and data are analyzed and analyzed using a content analysismethod in a library method.
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Generally speaking the matter of education has been proposed during long history of human beings. As a matter of fact, Confucius as a great Chinese thinker and Imam Ali as a great Muslim Imam have paid to philosophy, values and ends of education. It would be interesting to discuss similarities and differences of these both distinguish thinkers in regard to Education. One might be wondered as he come to know that both of them emphasis on necessity and need of education for people. Although the end of education might differ among between them. Development and evolution of man’s capacities and faculties, realizing justice, paying attention to morals and everlasting values, training men through proper methods and leading men towards good deeds are among their similarities.
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The Most Significant Results of the Research on Children’s Bibles. About twenty years ago, Children’s Bibles gained special attention in the field of Religious Education. Since then there has been active research in this field. The historical investigations have revealed a great amount of data unknown before. This study presents the case of the Hübner Bible in Hungary. There has been research concerning the theological and pedagogical aspects based on which the selection of the Biblical stories was made, research about the theological and didactical aspects of the narrative style and also the developmental psychological aptitude on the receiver side that has to be taken into consideration. The types of changes and distortions that differentiate the texts of the Children’s Bibles from the original are also discussed in the study. The quality and the function of the illustrations are also a subject of investigation. Here again the needs and the characteristics of the age group of the children who use the Children’s Bibles is a significant aspect.
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Spirituality and Theology of the Married Christian Being. The „Milieu” where a modern Christian marriage exists, seems to be among not to easy circumstances. It is a double sided situation behind of you with God when you are together with your husband or wife, and behind of you with your wife or husband, when you are together with God. Although, we believe that in the Holy Spirit this two parts can be united into one whole. The marriage as institution is older than Christianity, but it is created and blessed by God from the beginning what’s the source of all holiness or sacrament. Christ gave it to the fullness when He raised it up to Himself. He is the only fundament in what all things stand up and fulfill sacraments, too. The marriage is a sacrament both in the Catholic and Orthodox Church, but from the point of you the of marriage’s mystery, they have some differences in their details. The scholastic Latin and the post patristic eastern Churches perspective the founda¬tion of sacraments like a creation ex nihilo, a discontinuing phenomena, and the sign of the sacraments are caused by Jesus Christ, the Incarnated Son of God. However the patristic tradition and the modern emigrant orthodox theology maintain that the foundation of the sacraments are in the fulfillments of sacrament’s sig or symbol which is created by God in the beginning intentionally in order to be able to reach its own final purpose. The “Love spiral” involves nine different grades which follow each-other again and again. In a really deep love connection these Moments of love need to be realized gradually. These grade are: 1. Calling, 2. Identity, 3. Intimacy, 4. confrontation, 5. Con¬version, 6. Reconciliation, 7. Communion, 8. Commitment, 9. Mission. Conclusion. There must be peaceful and friendly but professional confrontations between different parts of the divided Churches to find and looking for together the original place and status of the marriage in the Christianity. Marriage, Church, Sacraments, and particularly Eucharist are united in Jesus Christ ever and forever. This is the reason why Christian sacramental marriage make part of the sacraments of the Church and of Christ as Bride and Bridegroom.
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In the times of the Covid-19 pandemic, a healthy perception of time does our spiritual and mental health good. Compared to the postmodern temporality, especially Nietzsche’s philosophy, this paper ushers in a soundly healthy perspective of time portrayed in the book of Ecclesiastes. Time is one of the major themes in the book of Ecclesiastes. I intend to explore several aspects of time in this book, that is, wisdom, vanity, repetition, process, and determinism. The preacher Qoheletinitially looks for the wisdom of life, and eventually, via a deep reflection of time, he concludes that wisdom in time is to turn to God for redemption in this troubled world.
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Researcher at the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture (Nagoya, Japan), the author provides a short synthesis on Eliade’s theoretical discourse concerning the encounter between the East and West, from both the cultural and religious points of view. The main passages brought into discussion are quoted from Eliade’s works: Images and Symbols: Studies in Religious Symbolism, Princeton, 1991, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries: The Encounter between Contemporary Faiths and Archaic Realities, Harper Torchbooks, 1960, Patterns in Comparative Religion, University of Nebraska Press, 1996 and The Quest: History and Meaning in Religion, University of Chicago Press, 1984. Divided in two main parts, under the subtitles: “The Age of Encounter and Confrontation” and “Dialogue and Hermeneutics”, the articles ends up with the “Conclusion”, where Michiaki Okuyama takes also into account the critics brought to Eliade’s “dialogical methodology” by contemporary scholars, such as Douglas Allen and Carl Olson.
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Monasteries typically have a structure and layout that suits both the spiritual and mundane needs of their communities: a central area that has a place of worship or meditation, a kitchen, refectory, dormitory, guest house, library, and basic work space; an outer layer with more specified workshops, stables and animal hutches, huts for solitary practice, memorial hall, and cemetery; and a third, most outward ring with orchards, fields, mills, and manufacturing sites. Studying the specific layout and organization of medieval Daoist monasteries, which came to flourish from the sixth century onward, it becomes evident that they follow mainstream Chinese models in their basic layout, imitate Buddhist structures in their buildings and their names, and continue traditional Daoist community centres and meditation retreats. In addition, one can also compare them to ancient Indian and medieval Western institutions, recognizing thereby the unique nature of the Daoist monastery. Planned and executed to imitate celestial landscapes and palaces, it served to attract immortals from above and prepare earthly aspirants for a more divine form of life, while also providing spiritual support for the state and a venue of merit-making for aristocratic sponsors.
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The death of Jesus was the sacrifice of the obedient and loving Son until death. Good Friday and Easter are inseparable. The cross and the resurrection together make Jesus the Christ and the Saviour. The sacrifice of the cross is linked to the open tomb of our Lord. And this interconnection can invite us to rejoice. If I understand the significance of Easter, I can also believe in its reality. The resurrection must not only be taught, but also believed. Otherwise, my creed of the resurrection is sacrificium intellectus (the victim of reason), an empty, arbitrary, and contradictory statement.The triple benefit of the resurrection of Christ is referred to in the 45th question–answer of the Heidelberg Catechism as the three time planes: the past, the present, and the future showing the threefold consolation of the resurrection. The first time plane recalls the memorable past, the first Easter, when the Prince of Life came out of the tomb of Joseph Arimathia. The second time plane points to the present. Christ has overcome the power of death to learn to walk in new life right now. Everything that must happen to us must be under the power of the living Jesus Christ. The third time plane is the Future: Christ overcame the power of death, so there will be a resurrection for us. God brought life to triumph with the resurrection of Christ. His resurrection is the keystone of the glorious resurrection that will come upon Christ`s return.The Resurrection of Jesus Christ is a guarantee of the renewal of the whole created world. The relationship between the present world and the “new heavens and new earth” (2 Peter 3,13) is characterized by continuity and discontinuity at the same time: we are waiting for the ultimate salvation that we have already “tasted” and which will be quite different from what we can think or imagine.
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Several viewpoints took shape about the pictures and icons during the history of Christianity. The image representations have been subject to debate not only among religions but among the various Christian approaches, too. This debate flamed up quite strongly in different times in history.The study aims to determine the extent to which the icons and representations are rooted in Christian tradition. The study points out that early Christian art did not appear and develop in a void. It was the outward manifestation of a new spirituality as well as the result of a development process that occurred when the local cultures of the ancient world got in contact with each other.It is essential to point out that in icon painting as well as in the paintings in the catacombs the message of the icons was also perfectly grasped by those who did not study painting or were not very skillful painters, but still observed the iconographic traditions while those who the painting were addressed to accepted them. One can assess Early Christian art by the very few frescos remaining in the catacombs in Rome.They used pagan symbols as well as some themes of Greek and Roman mythology in order to convey the teachings of the church. They also used the ancient forms of art, loading them with a new content subsequently altering the respective forms as well. The art of the catacombs was actually dogmatic art since the theme depicted on the frescos mostly followed the texts of the scripture. Furthermore, the symbolic language had a paramount importance. The works of art created in the first centuries can also be considered as “visual sermons” that helped them explain God verbally and drive them to God.
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In this study I intend to describe and introduce critically three basis approaches of Christianity, exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism to other world religions and at the same time throw light on issues of interreligious dialogue and the problem of comparative theology.Having completed this task the paper deals with the novelty and fresh approach introduced by George Lindbeck a post liberal theologian and his approach will also be critically evaluated. It will be argued although Lindbeck’s cultural-linguistic model is useful for interreligious dialogue but it is a kind of repetition of the old liberal argument which also maintained the uniqueness of Christianity albeit in different mode than orthodox or traditional theology.
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After 1895, documents of archival character got to the library of the Protestant Theological Faculty. Papers of pastors were filed here with the intention of maintenance, dioceses and parishes also transferred old documents. Writings taken away from the archive of Supremum Consistorium on purpose to carry on research work got here, too. A part of the Sombori family’s records was filed here in 1940. The collection comprising 449 papers dating from the 16th–20th centuries was docketed by Nagy Géza, professor of theology in 1951, who arranged the documents according to chronological order. In 1979 the collection rolled in The Archive of the Transylvanian Protestant Church District, in the course of its classification we have sorted the papers according to provenance, the writings loaned were put back to their original places.
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The territory of the Reformed Diocese of Maros was modified in 1927, this being the second significant change in its history. In 1641, several parishes have left the diocese to form the Reformed Diocese of Görgény. The managing of a diocese, which by the first half of the 20th century represented 125 parishes, became a difficult task for the governing body. The idea of a territorial division came up in 1918, but only in 1922 was a decision made by the board of the Diocese. The lengthy splitting procedure, approved by the Board of Directors, ended on April 20, 1927, with the formation of the Reformed Diocese of Bekecsalja. Lajos Kolozsvári became the Dean of the new Church organization and Dr. László Dósa lawyer became the churchwarden. The Board of Directors rejected the appeal made against the election, and confirmed the new governing body of the Diocese on May 24, 1927. While the new diocese was not recognized by the Ministry of Culture and while neither the state nor the Board of Directors gave any aid for the settling in arrangements, the functioning of the diocese had to be managed through its own available budget.
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One of the most used terms in the last decade is “fundamentalism”, permanently associated with Islamic religion and terrorism. Encyclopedia Britannica defines fundamentalism as a type of militantconservative religious movement, characterized by promoting strict conformation to the holy gospel. Initially used exclusively connected to American protestants who, at the end of the 19th century insisted over Bible’s infallibility, as a reaction to theological modernism, which was aiming to reshape traditional Christian believes in order to accept the new facts that social and natural sciences had discover, especially the evolutionist theory, the term “fundamentalism” was mostly used starting the end of the 20th century, referring to a large variety of religious movements.
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In Jesus Christ, the human person finds greatness, dignity and worth of humanity. This article reflects on the doctrine of the great African bishop, St. Augustine of Hippo and Pope John Paul II. It discusses the truth about Jesus Christ, the Redeemer of humankind. The concept of redemption as represented by the bishop of Hippo is in essence sacerdotal and sacrificial as it is ultimately expressed by the sacrifice of the Cross. The Cross of Jesus Christ manifests the great and merciful willingness of God towards the fallen human person who is the slave of sin. The triple victory of Christ: over sin, death and Satan, restores the human person to life in the communion with God.
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