Creating and developing the collective identity in Israeli society

Author(s): Monika Habdas / Language(s): English Issue: XIV/2016

The collective identity of each society derives from identities of its individuals. The young society in newly established state is not born with a given collective identity. It must be created and being sustained. The collective identity is a kind of tripartite feedback between past, presence and anticipated future created in processes based on three codes: primordiality, civility and sacredness. How to establish the identity for a young society in the country without common past, values, heritage nor even language? Fathers-establishers of the new Israel had to deal with very sophisticated challenge in order to find a base of the state collective identity derived from reach secular tradition of the Jewish nation on the one hand and the Zionist ideas on the other. To find out the identity for such differential society coming from all around the world, devastated directly or indirectly by Shoah experience has been an enormous effort for Israeli political leaders for many years.

The Impaired Consciousness

Author(s): Any Docu-Axelerad,Daniel Docu-Axelerad / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The ”persistent vegetative state” (PVS) has the main attention for us in identifying the examples of consciousness that suffer structural injury. PVS is a state that the patient has the ability to open eyes spontaneously, but without responses to threat, verbalization or other pain defend. Several factors that lead to such state, among which the use of drugs is mostly researched, prolong impaired consciousness as a clinical and personal judgment of this condition. The patients with comatose from a destructive structural injury never regain the conscious state due to widespread structural damage. Any clinical review on this is based on bodily changes observation with impact on the clinical diagnosis of prolonged comatose states as largely descriptive. Eye movements need the most attention because its response to approaching objects distinguishes between a PVS (inconsistent or absent), akinetic mutism (no stacking but spontaneous focusing on moving targets), and MCS (always present). Distinguish between this three conditions needs an interdisciplinary intervention (neurologist or rehabilitation physicians).

Przekonania towarzyszące, ideologia i nauka

Author(s): Jitse M. van der Meer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2016

The notion that not only facts but also personal and communal beliefs contribute to scientific knowledge has become commonplace. It raises two important questions. How can people with very different belief systems work together in science? Can scientific knowledge be trusted if it is shaped and sometimes distorted by beliefs operating in the background of science? I begin by pointing out that scholars who believe in the existence of a mind-independent reality have the moral calling to oppose distortion in their understanding of natural phenomena. I then explain why background beliefs are required for the construction of theories in science. I argue that background beliefs do not necessarily distort scientific knowledge because God created an objectively existing reality that resists distortion. When distortion occurs, science has standard ways of detecting that distortion. These include convergence of mutually independent lines of evidence on the same explanation, the possibility to disconnect background beliefs from scientific explanation, and the self-destruction of background beliefs that assume a dogmatic function. Next I show that in their work scientists, in fact, do sometimes oppose their personal background beliefs. The conclusion is that the background beliefs of scientists do not dictate the content of scientific knowledge, and that people with different belief systems, including Christians, can work together in scientific research. This is not to suggest a return to a Christian form of neopositivism because it fully incorporates what has been learned over the last decades about the extent to which science is embedded in a sociocultural context.

Response to “Mark Harris as a Naturalistic Theist” by Piotr Bylica

Author(s): Mark Harris / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

In this paper, I respond to a recent published analysis of my work by Dr Piotr Bylica, which characterises me as a “naturalistic theist”. I suggest that Bylica’s analysis takes this approach in order to fit my thought into his own “levels of analysis” scheme, but that it does not accurately represent my own theistic beliefs. I further argue that this process has resulted in the loss of important nuances in my work on areas such as miracles, dualism, and biblical interpretation.

Second Thoughts on Naturalistic Theism and Model of Levels of Analysis: A Response to Mark Harris

Author(s): Piotr Bylica / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

I shall show that Dr. Harris’ study of biblical scholarship is treated in a very serious manner in my paper, as it is the element identifying him as a representative of naturalistic theism (NT). NT is a position that has been recognized in the literature on science and religion for several years. Dr. Harris’ commitment to the rule of methodological naturalism in the natural sciences, as well as his lack of evidence for the limits of using it in his hermeneutical analysis of divine action, makes his academic papers represent the main assumptions of NT. Model of levels of analysis (MLA) helps to show the empirical character of accounts of divine action as an important part of the traditional theistic interpretation of this action, and scepticism towards such an interpretation as a main characteristic of all advocates of NT.

Sprawozdanie z działalności Katedry Teologii Katolickiej Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku w roku akademickim 2014/2015

Author(s): Leszek M Jakoniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Virtue Ethics in Search of a Decent Naturalism

Author(s): Piotr Lichacz / Language(s): English Issue: XXII/2016

New possibilities of studying the activity of the human brain and new technologies of human enhancement have intensified the voices calling for more science in ethics. This often implies embracing a version of naturalism. The recent revival of virtue ethics seems to strengthen this trend and make it more promising. Joining together contemporary virtue ethics with naturalism, however, is highly problematic. In this paper, I reflect on several conditions for a happy coupling between virtue ethics and naturalism. In the first part, I mention Jonathan Haidt’s proposal as an example of such promising and problematic coupling; I focus on only one element that could undesirably weaken virtue ethics. In the second part, I indicate a way in which this element might be modified. This suggestion could also be beneficial to another general problem in contemporary naturalistic ethics, namely, its relation to religion. Scientifically-oriented authors love to denounce prejudices and presuppositions in what conservative ethicists say. These presuppositions are sometimes identified as religious. A scientific orientation, however, does not preclude anyone from other prejudices and presuppositions, including religious ones. I suggest that reading some religious texts might help in detecting such influences.

Zastosowanie poziomów złożoności w czwartej drodze Tomasza z Akwinu

Author(s): Bartłomiej Marian Krzos,Łukasz Sadłocha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Theology as a science draws material from various sources. There are those having their basis on the authority (the Bible and sacred tradition), ‘signs of the times’, humanities and natural sciences. Among them it is the natural science that is a flash point of different disputes arising between theology and natural sciences. Nevertheless, one is not allowed to reject natural sciences since they mould a human perception of the world. The aim of the article is to present the use of the levels of complexity having their roots in natural sciences in the Fourth Way of Saint Aquinas. Hierarchical levels of reality are a common element of these two concepts. There will also be made an attempt to update the argument.

ZNANSTVENO-ISKUSTVENA PARADIGMA PAMĆENJA KUR’ANA

Author(s): Refik Ćatić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2006

The Qur’an is the most beautiful harmony of voices and words, the most logical system of logogens and semantic connections, which makes it easy for memorizing and recognizing. Since memorizing the Qur’an is mainly a psychological memory function, this article provides some psychological answers. Modern science has discovered that during a process of memorization, the structure of nerve cells and the connections between them changes. This work analysis the basic rules of the successful Qur’an memorization (hifz), as follows: honest intention (niyyah), age, suitable time, suitable place, reciting aloud and in accordance with tajweed, always using the same Mushaf, linking the memorized verses, repetition, learning style, moderate speed and serenity, selection of the muhafiz, sins avoidance, memorization with understanding.

ŽELJEZO

Author(s): Azim Hodo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2005

The article presents the view of the Physics" of "iron of the great strength" and its use. The position of iron in the presented curve determines its strength, just as positions of other elements determine their strength, starting with hydrogen and ending with uranium. The curve was produced with strong nuclear power, responsible for keeping the nucleus together. The article talks about importance of iron for human organism, and in everyday lives of humans.

PRILOG METODIČKOJ KOMPETENCIJI NASTAVNIKA ISLAMSKE VJERONAUKE

Author(s): Edina Vejo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2003

The supplement to the methodical competence of the religion class teachers offers a logically expressed outline of the class preparation elements. This model of preparation is more applicable to the area of the spiritual upbringing and is not conforming to the classical model of the class preparation.

MITOLOGIJA MODERNE ZNANOSTI O PRIRODI

Author(s): Hilmo Neimarlija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2002

Sedamnaesto stoljece zapadnog svijela u kasnijim vremenima nazvano vijekom znanosti i stoljecem genija. Bilo je to stoljeće Galileia, Francisa Bacona, Newtona, Descartesa i drugih velikih filozofa matematickog usmjerenja, majstora u uobličavanju znanstvenih apstrakcija. Oni su utvrdili znanstvcni realizam u mehanickoj prirodi svijeta prirode, koja je za njih bila napisana jezikom matematičke, i u krutoj poziciji uma, koji opada, ispituje i rasuđuje, "ali se ne miješa". Njihove formule osnovnih zakona fizike imale su takoreći istu jednostavnost, ljepotu i funkcionalnu vrijednost kao arhetipski izrazi simbola koji su u klasicnim kulturama ukazivali na posljednju osnovu svih stvari. U tim forrmulama, koje su osigurali vjerovanja u univerzalnu moc vlastile sposobnosti distanciranja i objektivnosti, graditelji modernih...

ZAŠTO SE ZNANSTVENA REVOLUCIJA NIJE DESILA U ISLAMU?

Author(s): Pervez Hoodbhoy / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2001

Svaka velika civilizacija piše vlastitu historiju, selektivno izvlači podatke iz prošlosti, a zatim dokazuje, radi vlastite satisfakcije, da njena veličina nema premca niti sebi ravne. Zapadna civilizacija, kao dominantna civilizacija našega doba, definirala je verziju kulturne i intelektualne historije u kojoj je razvoj znanosti prezentiran kao pravolinijski i neumoljivi marš grčko-rimskih ideja u periodu evropske renesanse.

FATALIZAM RACIONALITETA

Author(s): Fatima Lačević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2001

A place for elements of spirituality within the educational system must be contemplated within the research expansion or the power of man to model everything according to his needs, which is a common fate of a human Mind. It is necessary to point out that issue of teaching subjects Religion and the Culture of Religions in schools is entangled in the official institutions bureaucratic plans. It needs to be freed in order to, first of all, discuss the authentic relationship between the science and teaching religion, as well as to discuss the subject Culture of Religions as science.

ISLAM I MODERNIZAM

Author(s): Fazlur Rahman / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2000

Stranice koje slijede rezultat su istraživačkog projekta kojeg je poduzeo Čikaški univerziteta finansirala Fordova zadužbina za islamsko obrazovanje. Ovaj projekat, koji je prvotno bio zamišljen kao dio jednog većeg projekta pod naslovom "Islam i društvena promjena", uključio je nekoliko mladih istraživača pored kodirektora projekta, mene i prof. Leonarda Bindera.

VJERONAUKA U DRŽAVNIM ŠKOLAMA U EVROPI

Author(s): Ahmet Alibašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2000

Bosansko društvo još boluje od brojnih dječijih bolesti na svom demokratskom putu. Prominentna meðu tim bolestima je alergija novopečenih demokrata, inače bivših komunista, te bivših i sadašnjih apsolutista, autokrata i ateista na aktivnu ulogu vjere i vjernika u javnom životu. Vjeronauka u školskim klupama zauzima visoko mjesto na ljestvici tih iritirajućih agenasa.

ZORNOST U NASTAVI VJERONAUKE

Author(s): Refik Ćatić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2000

Vjera prožima cjelokupnu ličnost. Ona je duhovno opredjeljenje koje najizravnije utječe na razvijanje i oplemenjivanje intelekta, emocija, volje i karaktera. Vjerski sadržaji su posebno značajni u formiranju uvjerenja i stavova zbog čega je vjera značajan odgojni činitelj u odgoju i obrazovanju.

ZAŠTO KONFESIONALNA VJERONAUKA?

Author(s): Edina Vejo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2000

Zadato multikulturalno društvo traži osobe koje se samo sigurne u svoj identitet mogu susretati s drugim. Zašto bi drukèije bilo kod Bošnjaka?

O HUTBI KAO SPECIFIČNOJ FORMI KOMUNICIRANJA

Author(s): Dževad Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2000

Hutba predstavlja sasvim specifičnu instituciju u islamu. Da se podsjetimo: Hutba je govor koji se drži svakog petka u okviru džume kao integralni dio namaza. (Hutba se drži i u sklopu bajramskih namaza, može se držati i u nekim drugim posebnim ili vanrednim prilikama.

BUDUĆNOST NAŠEG VISOKOG ISLAMSKOG OBRAZOVANJA

Author(s): Enes Karić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2001

Odvec je poznato da dinamika i tranzicija koje zivimo dañas nisu uslijedile samo nasom voljom. Bolje kazati, ponajmanje su uslijedile nasom voljom. Takoder ni pitanje dostojanstvenog suocavanja sa izazovima savremenog obrazovanja, kao i djelotvornog prilagodavanja dinamici i tranziciji u obrazovanju u nasoj zemlji, i regionu Baikana opcenito, nece biti samo stvar nase dobre volje. Stoga, moramo shvatiti da su reforme u nasem islamskom obrazovanju stvar imperativa.