Between Men's and Women's Topics, between the Public and the Private
or: Does women's writing exist?
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or: Does women's writing exist?
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During the study of the Slobozhanshchyna wedding traditions became necessary to form a synthetic model of the structural division of the rite, which allows maximum use of ritual and semantic characteristics of the region’s rituals, in particular its defloration and postdefloration parts. There is an attempt to analyzed the characteristics of the rituals test and demonstrate the chastity of young in the territory of Slobozhanshchyna, based on the field materials, and to revealed local differences in ritual and magic actions related to the preservation of a woman virginity before marriage, defined reproductive and sacred meaning of the customs and rituals of the wedding night.
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Postgraduate education consists of master and phD and it is a training program in which the individuals that graduated from university choose the area of interest and get perfection. Master is a training program that gives necessary knowledge and skills to the individuals. But phD is more comprehensive according to the master. It is a training program that gives academic perfection to the individuals in the area of interest. In these training programs, individuals make postgraduate dissertations studies.Bibliometric studies examine specific features of scientific publications such as book, article, dissertation and prove an appearance of scanned literature. It is seen that various studies are made to examine postgraduate dissertations in terms of bibliometric characteristics. There studies are about health, tourism, social studies education, cinema, map engineering, banking, Ibn Haldun and woman. As it is dealed in this study, when the bibliometric studies, examining postgraduate dissertation studies on woman, are examined it is seen that the related studies are about politics and media and no comprehensive study has been made since 2009.In this study, 738 postgraduate dissertations which were written in the field of social science on “woman” in Turkey between 2008-2018 were included in the study. 633 of them are master and 105 of them are phD. The aim of this study is to create a bibliometric profile by examining specific features of master. The research questions of the study are; in which years there have been increases and decreases in the number of postgraduate dissertations which were written on “woman”; in which university, institute, department and art it is studied on “woman” and basically on which theme it is focused; which method is used intensely. With these questions the ways of dealing with “woman” have been tried to be proved.In this study content anaylsis method is used. Dissertations are classified according to the some features. These are; year, type, language, university, institute, department, art, subject, method, gender of the writer, the title of the advisor and the number of pages. According to these features by classifying data charts are made by Microsoft Excel. With the help of the charts data analyzed and by making graphics the findings of the study are explained.In the distribution of dissertations according to the years, types and languages; it is seen that the number of the dissertations written on “woman” is the least with 38 piecesin 2008. It is seen that the most dissertations numbers in 2015 with 89 pieces. It is seen that there is an increase at the number of dissertations between the years 2008-2010 but a decrease between the years 2010-2012. Although there is an increase between the years 2012-2015, there is a decrease in 2017. It is seen that the number of the master is the least in 2008, but the most in 2015, 2016 and 2018. In general, it can be stated that the number of the dissertations has a regular course. It is seen that the number of phD is the least with 6 pieces in 2008 and with 3 pieces in 2017. But it is seen that it is the most in 2009, 2013 and 2015. It is seen that phD is very few according to master. It is seen that 548 of the master were written in “Turkish” and 85 of in “English”. It is seen that 11 of phD were written in “English” and the rest of them were written in “Turkish”. In general it is noticed that the use of “English” is low.In the distribution of dissertations according to the universities and institutes; it is seen that the number of master dissertations are the most at İstanbul, Marmara, ODTÜ, Hacettepe and Gazi Universities. At 91 universities there are less than 10 master dissertations. It is seen that there are a lot of universities in which there are master dissertation studies on “woman”. When the phD dissertations are examined, it is seen that there are 33 universities which have dissertation studies on “woman”. There are 14 phD dissertations at Marmara University, 11 phD dissertations at Hacettepe University, 9 phD dissertations at Ankara University, 8 phD dissertations at İstanbul University and 5 phD dissertations at Ege, Gazi, ODTÜ and Süleyman Demirel Universities. It is seen that the universities which have phD dissertations are less than the universities which have master dissertations. It is seen that 619 of master dissertations and 102 of phD dissertations were made at the Institute of Social Sciences. When the master dissertations are examined; it is seen that there are 6 dissertation studies at Principles of Atatürk and Revolution History Institute, 2 dissertation studies at Institute of Turkic Studies and 1 dissertation study at Institute of European Studies, Institute of Foreign Trade, Institute of Educational Sciences, Institute of Economic and Social Sciences, Alliance of Civilizations Institute and Institute of Human and Social Sciences. When the phD dissertations are examined,it is seen that there is only one dissertation study at Principles of Atatürk and Revolution History Institute, Institute of Economic and Social Sciences and Institute of Human and Social Sciences.In the distribution of dissertations according to the department and art, it is seen that 71 of master dissertations are at the department of Business, 61 of them are at the department of Sociology, 48 of them are at the department of Economics. Besides, the number of master dissertation studies are too much at the departments of History, Philosophy and Religious Sciences, Psychology, Journalism, Labor Economics and Industrial Relations. It is seen that there are less master dissertations at the department of Business Administration, Political Science and International Relations, Tourism Management, Radio, Film and TV, Gender and Woman Studies and Anthropology. It is seen that phD dissertations are the most at the department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Sociology, Business Administration and Economics. But it is the least at the department of Marketing, Politics and Social Sciences, Management and Organization, Archaeology and Tourism Management. When the art is examined, it is seen that there are 16 master dissertations at the art of Sociology of Religion, 15 and 12 master dissertations at the arts of Business Administration, Woman Studies, Management and Organization. At phD dissertations it is seen that there are 5 dissertations at the art of Sociology of Religion, 3 dissertations at the art of Management and Organization, 3 dissertations at the art of Qur’anic Recitation, 2 dissertations at the art of General Sociology and Methodology and 2 dissertations at the art of Economic Politics.In the distribution dissertations according to the subjects and methods; both at master dissertations and phD dissertations the prominent subject is “socio-cultural”. At both of them the least focused subject is “sexuality” and “education”. When the research method used in dissertations is examined, it is seen that “qualitative research method” is used frequently both at master and phD dissertations. It is seen that “mixed research method” is used least at master dissertations and “quantitative research method” is used least at phD dissertations.In the distribution of dissertations according to the gender of the writer, the title of the advisor and the number of the pages; it is seen that female dissertation writers are the most both at master and phD dissertations. 97 of master dissertations writers and 8 of phD dissertations writers are male. It is seen that both at master and phD dissertations “Prof. Dr.” title is in intensity as an advisor. When the page numbers of the dissertations are examined; it is seen that there are 297 dissertations at 101-150 page range. There are 97 dissertations at 50-100 page range and 83 dissertations at 201-250 page range. It is seen that when the number of the pages increases, the number of the dissertations decreases. When the average number of pages is examined, it is seen that the average number of pages at master dissertations is 147, but at phD dissertations it is 167. At master dissertations the least page number is 52 and the most page number is 469. At phD dissertations the least page number is 139, the most page number is 738.As a result of the study, it is seen that the topic of “woman” is frequently studied by various disciplines. As it is seen that the number of the master dissertations are too much but phD dissertations are limited, it can be stated that it is necessary to do more dissertations on “woman” at phD level. As it is seen that the use of English is low at postgraduate dissertations, the use of foreign languages in the dissertations can be emphasized. It is seen that “socio-cultural” subjects have been worked intensively in the dissertations. The reason for this is the multitude of woman’s problems in society. It can be said that the dissertation studies on these subjects will be beneficial in terms of revealing these problems and providing solutions. Since bibliometric studies reveal the gaps in the literature that they have searched, it is thought that this study will contribute to the field in terms of showing an aspect of the studies on “woman”. However, it is thought that it provides researchers preliminary information and it directs researchers to the issues in the literature.
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Editorial to the thematic issue of the Croatian Sociological Review 'LGBTIQ Parenthood in Croatia'
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Parenting desires, intentions, and the underlying motivation for parenthood are well documented in the context of heterosexual couple parenthood, while among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people research is limited. The main goal of this study was to explore parenting desire and different reasons to become a parent or remain childfree among LGBTIQ people in Croatia. 486 childless LGBTIQ people participated in an on-line survey. In the quantitative part of the study, parenting desire and reasons for and against parenthood were measured, while the qualitative part analysed the answers to open-ended questions about additional reasons that influence the desire to want or not to want children. The results showed that 46% of the participants want to become parents, 35% did not know, and 19% reported they do not want to have children. The main reasons for parenthood among the participants who want children were internal – the desire to give love, share knowledge, and develop a special bond with a child. The participants who do not want to have children also stressed internal reasons against parenthood, such as restricted personal freedom, high responsibility, and the amount of workload they perceive as a part of parenthood. Several additional reasons for and against parenthood emerged from the qualitative data. Some reasons reflected universal issues unrelated to sexual orientation or gender identity, while others conveyed concerns related to social and legal barriers that LGBTIQ people face when it comes to parenthood.
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There has been an increasing interest in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) issues in social science research in Croatia. Additionally, LGBTIQ people can be sampled in almost any research. However, it is usually assumed that all study participants are heterosexual and cisgender. In consequence, a limited number of categories for LGBTIQ individuals are typically included in questionnaires. Such an approach results in biased sample characteristics, which can both affect the interpretation of results and provoke LGBTIQ participants to refrain from providing answers to certain questions or refuse further participation. In addition, it represents a violation of the scientific research ethical principle of avoiding discrimination or privilege based on sex, gender identity, and expression or sexual orientation. In this paper, recommendations are offered for research that acknowledges LGBTIQ people by including different response options for sexual orientation, sex, and gender identity. These recommendations are based on an overview of different theoretical explanations and approaches in the measurement of gender, sex and sexual orientation in Croatian and international research, as well as on the authors’ experience in professional work with LGBTIQ people. As a possible step towards recognising LGBTIQ identities, introducing questions about sexual orientation and gender identity into research is recommended where those variables could be relevant for the studied subject. Also, since sex is a frequent research variable and commonly used response options “male” and “female” do not apply to a part of the population, adding a response option for self-identification or “something else” is recommended. In addition to item construction examples, explanations of the key concepts important for research including LGBTIQ people are provided.
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Previous studies have shown that human voice has an important role in communicating different traits, by implying speaker's sex, age, physical height, etc. Studies have also found correlations between various vocal characteristics and perceived personality traits. For example, there is evidence that higher pitch is positively related to perceived femininity, while lower pitch is related to perceived dominance. The aim of the present study was to investigate those relationships between voice and personality, by focusing on women's self-reports of masculinity, femininity, dominance and affiliation. 48 women were recorded three times during vowel /a/ production. After acoustic analysis, it was found that voice pitch was not related to personality traits. On the contrary, pitch variability was negatively related to masculinity, and positively to femininity. Furthermore, shimmer was positively, and harmonics to noise ratio negatively related to self- -reported masculinity. Further regression analyses confirmed contribution of pitch variability and shimmer in explaining individual differences in masculinity. Besides the interpretation of the results in the context of previous findings, we discuss possible directions for future research in order to improve research methodology.
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The paper aims to provide a brief overview of Christian views on sexual and gender identity, both in the early Christian and the patristic period. Focusing on three historical examples of a different understanding of Christian identity, the paper seeks to address the role of contemporary concepts of sex and gender in the creation of Christian identity. In the first case study, which is focused on the literary representations of the Christian martyrdom from the 2nd and 3rd century, a special emphasis is placed on the demand to the ‘manly’ or ‘masculine’ way of witnessing the faith. The second historical example relates to the creation of a wider ascetic movement in the 4th century Asia Minor, and its specific focus is on Macrina the Younger. In her Vita, Gregory of Nyssa distinguishes between Macrina’s sexual identity based on her virginity on the one hand, and her gender identity based on her social role as a widow, as well as as the mother and the father to her monastic community on the other hand. Finally, the focus is shifted towards Dionysius the Areopagite and Maximus the Confessor, whose teachings about ecstasy, as a way to transcend oneself in the movement towards the loved one, provide the basis for establishing a theology of marriage and for creating a Christian identity not on sexual or gender roles, but on the uniqueness of human nature.
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The paper will focus on the ever-changing role which human bodies have played through the history of widespread Internet use. Viewing contemporary human bodies as, in fact, cyborg bodies, I will argue that it was these technobodies that influenced the creation, but were also the direct consequence of a significant shift in the perception of reality experienced by Internet users in general, and users of social networking websites in particular. Furthermore, I will try to demonstrate how the corrosion and questioning of the borders between the real and the virtual, which emerged as a consequence of the mass influx of technology into all levels of society, brought about the creation of hyperreality – a reality which simultaneously incorporates and moves beyond physical as well as virtual reality, and creates new frameworks of existence, presence and sociability.
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This article is based on the assumption that introducing the feminist approach into the gender issue has had the basic cognitive-theoretical and methodological importance for the mainstream sociology. In the background of this statement there are the convictions, firstly, that the contemporary actual tendency of establishing gender equality represents an accomplishment of the civilizational standards of universal equality of all, as followed by the full respect for individual and group differences; secondly, each attempt in the contemporary sociology to keep invisible gender inequalities or to reject feminist critique of the mainstream sociological thought bears in itself the retrograde intention of keeping on and reproducing the patriarchal legacy of gender inequality; and, thirdly, if sociology really wants to understand societal reality comprehensively and objectively, it necessarily has to incorporate into its basic premises, theoretical paradigms and methodological approach the gender sensible way of thinking, as being crystallized from the best results of the feminist critique of the mainstream sociology.
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Die Rolle der Frau in Platons Politeia ist besonders herausstechend und oft beschrieben worden. Dabei wurde man sich jedoch selten einig, und es bleibt die Frage offen, ob es sich bei Platon um ein feministisches Gedankengut, was ihm nur allzu oft unterstellt wurde, handelt, oder ob es sich dabei nur um ein Gleichnis handele, um wiederum anderen Zwecken gerecht zu werden (vgl. Föllinger, 1996: 56).
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Higher religiosity of women, which is often taken as an anthropological and sociological universality in Christianity, in spite of numerous examinations doesn’t seem to deliver some universal explanation. In the context of evident revitalization of religion in Serbia in past twenty years, a need for reexamining a problem emerges: why, if so, are the "frontrunners" of the religious comeback women? Research of the group of believers in Knjaževac (Serbia) reveals that women are more often believers than men, that they are more eager when it comes to religious activities, that they have taken part in many pilgrimage trips, and that the majority of them experienced visions and apparitions. I see and analyze pilgrimages in the light of the rite-of-passage theory - I will examine their communicational aspect, meanings of spiritual conversion, meanings of messages as interpreted by believers, as well as their latent substance. Gender aspects of the experience of pilgrimage will be analyzed in detail based on results of interactive interviews carried out with the group mostly comprising of women. I will also discuss how a group of believers, mostly female, take active part in the life of local church community, and the phenomenon of the vision and the call as a turning point for conversion and activism in renovation of a shrine.
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The paper analyzes the ways and mechanisms of domination of masculinity in professions which are traditionally known as typical male professions. Domination of masculinity is analysed by comparrition to women in male professions. Especially is made short review of the police and the teaching profession in order to demonstrate that women on the one hand, as minority group in the typical male profession are marginalized, and, on the other hand in teaching profession as the dominant majority, because of feminisation of the profession become economically and socially degraded.
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Biological sex is a demographic variable whose effect has been examined in consumer researches for many years. However, the effect of gender identity, defined as the existential femininity or masculinity of individuals, has started to be examined in consumer researches since the 1960s. In the literature, there are studies investigating the effect of biological sex on consumers’ impulse buying behavior. However, studies investigating the effect of gender identity on consumers’ impulse buying behavior and whether this effect differs in terms of biological sex are quite limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender identity on the consumers’ impulse buying behavior and whether the effect of gender identity on the consumers’ impulse buying behavior differs in terms of biological sex as a moderator variable. Research data were collected from consumers in Bursa via face to face survey method. The data obtained were evaluated by structural equation modeling to determine the effect of gender identity on impulse buying behavior. As a result of the analysis, it was found that feminine gender identity positively affected impulse buying behavior, whereas masculine gender identity did not affect impulse buying behavior. In the research, biological sex was also analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that according to females, the feminine and masculine gender identity were not effective on impulse buying behavior. In addition, it was found that according to males, feminine gender identity was effective on the impulse buying behavior and masculine gender identity was not effective on impulse buying behavior.
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This research deals with the sexuality of young males based upon their narratives. Through their memories, they create a history of their personal sexuality. This is how a periodization of experiences related to same sex sexual relations is formed. Personal perception on one's own sexuality is reflected upon the continuous process of construction of one's own gender.
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Right wing and populist parties are on the rise in almost all European countries and in some they are part of the government. Such parties are united in opposing gender equality and LGBQTI (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, Transgender and Intersexual) rights and supporting traditional hetero-normative gender roles and family forms. Against this background, the article analyzes whether such political positions can build on support among the broader population. It sheds light on national differences in attitudes towards gender equality and LGBTQI issues and uses different surveys to illuminate variances in the spread of gender stereotypes, gender equality as a norm and towards sexual minorities. In general, gender equality functions as an accepted norm in all countries and is perceived as a core element of democracy and a goal towards European Union integration. Nevertheless, ‘old’ and ‘new’ EU member states differ considerably regarding their populations’ ideas about what gender and LGBTQI equality in day-to-day life entails – with ‘old’ EU member states usually taking a more progressive stance than ‘new’ member states.
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Writing in the spirit of explicit naturalism and biological determinism, and hiding behind the veil of scientific authority, Jovo Tosevski has produced a body of knowledge on human sexuality, body, and gender relations, accessible to the wider audience. Starting from the idea of discourse such as put forward by Foucault, this paper points to the general implications of knowledge produced under the influence of the popular scientific discourse of Tosevski.
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Film is a powerful medium that can influence audience’s perceptions, values and ideals. As filmmaking evolved into a serious art form, it became a powerful tool for telling stories that require us to re-examine our ideology. While it remains popular to adapt a literary novel or text for the screen, filmmakers have more freedom to pick and choose the stories they want to tell. This freedom allows filmmakers to explore narratives that might otherwise go unheard, which include stories that feature marginal figures, such as serial killers, as sympathetic protagonists, which is what director Patty Jenkins achieves in her 2003 film "Monster". Charlize Theron’s transformation into and performance as Aileen Wuornos, and Jenkins’s presentation of the subject matter, make this film an example of rogue cinema. In addition, Aileen Wuornos is portrayed as a clear example of the rogue character. This character trope frequently defies social standards, suffers from past trauma, is psychologically complex, and is often exiled. As a prostitute and social outcast, Aileen Wuornos exists on the fringes of society and rejects the hegemonic power structure and later heteronormativity of society, which makes her a rogue figure. While there are several aspects to consider when analyzing Jenkins’s film, my intention is to argue that this film is an example of rogue cinema because of its content. In order to accomplish this task, I examine Theron’s bodily transformation and her performance as Wuornos. Furthermore, I look at how Jenkins handles the depiction of romantic love and gendered violence and argue that her treatment of this content renders this film rogue.
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This article looks at how space and its temporal dimensions interrelate with female identity building within late modernity, in the television series Sex and the City. As elaborated throughout the analysis, which profits from Foucault’s work on heterotopias, the spaces of New York -to which the show pays homage- fluid and contradictory, both enable and curtail the possibilities of identity transformation. Time adds to the fluidity of space, as its signification can transform space from utopia/eutopia to heterotopia and vice versa. Late-modern consciousness is largely heterotopic, pointing to or being in relation with other places of consciousness and identity. The main characters of the show are aware of and largely accept their heterotopic condition, with all its fallacies. New York, their preferred heterotopybearer, offers this multitude of other spaces, inconsistent, fragmented, even broken, for the four women to choose the pieces to form their selected heterotopias, which, under special circumstances, may become enacted eutopias.
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