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This article reviews the impact of cultural factors on mental health of an Indian women. Marked gender discrimination in India has led to second class status of women in society. Their mobility, work, self-esteem and self-image, in fact their worth and identity, seem to depend upon the male members of a patriarchal society. Women’s lack of empowerment and both financial and emotional dependence have restricted their self-expression and choices in life. This, along with family, social and work pressures, has a definite impact on women’s mental health. This paper discusses some recent advances in the area of movements that has gained tremendous impetus in the humanities and social sciences is the rediscovery of the role of women in history and their contributions to human culture. These diverse collections demonstrate the far-ranging impact women have had on all aspects of culture. From innovative women artists and pioneering scientists and technologists to the woman who campaigned for universal suffrage and social equality, their stories provide a window on to women’s multifaceted contributions to our shared heritage.
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Based on the theoretical insights of Nira Yuval Davis’ and Carol Pateman’s path-breaking research and on a number of Southeast European examples the article spells out the relationship between gender and nation-state (XIX-XX c.). The author shows various practices of (gender) discriminations concerning women’s citizenship in the realms of education, social, political rights, etc. and argues that the social contract in the modern nation-states (including in the Balkans) is a „fraternal social contract“ and the nation-state has а male gender.
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The article discusses one particular film, “Man, don’t get angry”, with director Ivaylo Trenchev and script-writer Kiril Topalov. By analyzing published opinions and reviews as well as archival materials the author notes specifics in the functioning of the socialist mass media and traces out institutions and mechanisms for controlling the cinema process. These are mechanisms which affect the view/perception and visual re-creation of the world, the writing and talking, the thinking and attitude of the people in their different roles – (film-) makers, spectators and readers, journalists and reviewers. blicistically carnival. The reader of the novel and the spectator of the movie ejaculate with one voice: this is impossible be¬cause it is...true! From Aleko (Konstantinov) to Alek (Popov) – it‘s all true...
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This paper deals with part of the dramatic woks by a most tolerated and staged Bulgarian playwright under communism, Todor Manev, who published his plays under the penname Kamen Zidarov. The study focuses on those of his dramatic works that feature the recent past such as “Tsar’s Pardon” (1949), “For the Honour of the Epaulette (1957), etc., rather than on his dramas presenting moments of Bulgarian history that have unfolded in the remote past. Analysing them, the article highlights four main female figures, constructed and functioning in a historical and political context of the coming and development of communism with the ideology and normative aesthetics characteristic of this regime.
More...Inskribriranje i presupozicioniranje obrisa dekonstituirajuće rodno ravnopravne slike
Question of culture/nature difference is one of the key questions, to which mistakable interpretations, result in patriarchal oppression over female and nature. Misogynistic matrix of behavior is founded in this conception, therefore women represent nature, emotional principle, and men represent culture or rational principal. There are continual examples, of patriarchal praxis and values, which are in contradiction to Ruling Conventions, on Women Human Rights Protection. These praxes are in the domain of traditional particular praxis of individual cultures, and therefore, particular praxis, that are usually different of dominant culture praxis. Sati in India, foot binding in China, female genital mutilation originating from African rituals, are only several out of them. The dominant Legal norms, refuse to accept, those praxis, but in closed particular communities, the rituals of socialization and cultural praxis involve female sacrifices, in different ways, and females are prepared , from their early childhood, to accept “ Great sacrifices” , as though if the only true life goal of femininity is to be victim, to be victim for others, or even more tragically “ enjoy in oneself sacrifice for Others” especially if the victim is to be done for masculine representatives or leaders of communities, for which women are respectable only if they are a victim.
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The study aimed to map the prevalence of social media disorder in secondary school youth. We used an abbreviated version of the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B). The reliability of the questionnaires used in the research, indicates that they have sufficient internal consistency. A total of 637 rerespondents participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (AM=16.63). The results of the study showed social media impairment in 11.1% of the respondents, confirming a statistically significant difference in terms of the gender of the adolescents in favour of girls, and in terms of the degree of concern about their appearance, in favour of those who are more concerned about their appearance. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the degree of concern about their appearance in terms of gender, was confirmed in favour of girls.
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Review of: Jolanta Sikorska-Kulesza: Tolerated Evil. Prostitution in the Kingdom of Poland in the Nineteenth Century. (Polish Studies – Transdisciplinary Perspectives, Bd. 30.) Aus dem Poln. von Julita M a s t a l e r z . Peter Lang. Berlin 2020. 353 S. ISBN 978-3-631-81584-7. (€ 78,50.)
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Review of: Irena Protassewicz: A Polish Woman’s Experience in World War II. Conflict, Deportation and Exile. Hrsg. von Hubert Zawadzki und Meg Knott . Bloomsbury Academic. London u. a. 2019. XXXV, 257 S. ISBN 978-1-3500-7992-2. (£ 90,–.)c
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Review of: Jakub Gałęziowski, Niedopowiedziane biografie. Polskie dzieci urodzone z powodu wojny (Undertold biographies. Polish children born of war), Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa 2022, pp. 458.
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This paper examines the interviews with four Ukrainian women – war refugees, who came to Poland after February 24, 2022 (two of them were reinterviewed after a year of their stay in Poland). The authors were interested in the description of the crisis in which the respondents found themselves, as well as in their presentation of coping with crisis, thus, “coping with crisis” became the main interpretive category. The research aims to reveal the self-image of the women refugees and identify changes that have taken place in 2022 and 2023 (including the perception of themselves, war context, and living conditions to which they have adapted after fleeing). The authors used the multidisciplinary theoretical approach because, in addition to psychological concepts related to the main interpretative category, the reflection was based on the cultural anthropology of emotions, the anthropology of experience, as well as on the ethics of care, and autoethnography.
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Projekt badawczy zatytułowany CCINDLE, realizowany w ISNS od października 2022 roku nawiązuje brzmieniem do angielskiego czasownika kindle oznaczającego czynność podpalania czy rozniecania ognia. Jednocześnie CCIN DLE to skrócona nazwa projektu, którego pełny tytuł brzmi Co-Creating Inclusive Intersectional Democratic Spaces Across Europe i nawiązuje do głównego celu przedsięwzięcia, jakim jest współtworzenie, rozniecanie włączających, intersekcjonalnych i demokratycznych przestrzeni w Europie.
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The research project entitled CCINDLE, underway since October 2022, refers in its wording to the English verb kindle, which means the act of setting fire or inspiring. At the same time, CCINDLE is the abbreviated name of the project’s full title which is Co-Creating Inclusive Intersectional Democratic Spaces Across Europe, and refers to the project’s main objective of co-creating and re-kindling inclusive, intersectional and democratic spaces in Europe.
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The acceptance of women in the practice of medicine has been viewed differently throughout human history. In ancient Egypt women were allowed to care for the sick and be involved in the delivering babies. At the same time, Egypt accepted women in medical studies and even as surgeons. Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire recognized the right of women to practice this profession, but the Middle Ages brought a paradigm shift. Women had only a secondary, domestic role of maintaining the health of the family. As the Church took over and influenced political power, women became increasingly marginalized. An exception was made by the University of Salerno, which also accepted women. Europe, however, was dominated by men in this profession and women were even denied access to literacy. Renaissance came with a breath of change and many women hoped that their social status would change. In the 17th century, countries such as England, Germany, Holland began to discover in women a special intellectual force and they began to make their increasingly important contribution in science and medicine. The 18th century allowed more and more women to enter the scientific world. Increasingly vocal and powerful, women made their way into medical practice beginning in the 19th century, coming to be recognized as equals to their male counterparts. Our article aims to review some of those women without whom the landscape of modern medicine would not be the same.
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Many studies have examined the growth and impact of the platform economy, but none have investigated Bulgarian users’ involvement in Etsy, the largest online marketplace for the sale of unique handcrafted goods. Given the growing popularity of platforms as alternatives for labor and creative self-expression, as well as the high level of women's presence on the Etsy platform, this paper examines the particularities of women's participation on the digital platform and addresses characteristics of female labor, placing them in the context of Bulgarian female sellers. The results are based on responses from an online survey of female Etsy sellers in Bulgaria and describe the demographic profile of respondents, present their degree of financial dependence on the activity, and outline users’ estimation of the essential competencies required for successful performance on the platform. The findings of the study suggest that the platform is popular among women with certain financial comfort and that the respondents view their work on Etsy as a creative and recreational outlet rather than a dependable source of income.
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The article focuses on the issue of social security in Czechoslovakia after the First World War with regard to the position of women and its changes in the social system. Despite the extensive efforts (especially by women's associations) to achieve full equality for women in all areas, the traditional position of women in society and in the family, where the man remained the main breadwinner, remained in place in the interwar period, although some legislation already allowed for the possibility of, for example, higher earnings on the part of women. The authors based their text on the legislation of the time. They also used archival materials and, to a lesser extent, records of the proceedings of the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic. The main method used in the creation of the text was therefore the direct and progressive method.
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Historija nije bila naklonjena ženama, a o njima se počelo pisati tek u drugoj polovini 20. stoljeća. Indirektno, ušle su u historiju kroz školu Anala, ukazujući da su prisutne ne samo u privatnome nego i javnom prostoru. “Gdje su žene?” i “Da li je mjesto žene u kući?” pitanja su koja su otvoreno postavile historičarke pred kraj 20. stoljeća. Ta pitanja su došla nakon što je smjer škole Anala pomjerio historijski narativ s “velikih ljudi” na “obične ljude”, na mjesta gdje su žene postale vidne, njihova uloga jasna a historija bez njih okrnjena.
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The aim of the research is to study the influence of the lexicographic description of Polish and Bulgarian feminatives and masculinisms on their usage in public communication. Using two dictionaries – Wielki słownik języka polskiego (WSJP) and Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language (DBL), the entries for the masculine and feminine forms of 100 names taken from the Bulgarian National Classification of Professions and Positions were reviewed. The analysis was carried out according to four criteria. The results show that more than half of the selected names are present with their masculine and feminine forms in DBL (80%) and in WSJP (61%), but the feeling of asymmetric representation of the names of occupations according to gender is reinforced by the definition of the meanings of occupation only in masculine forms (88%) in DBL, while in WSJP this percentage is very small (7%). Approaches to the definition of feminatives in WSJP and DBL show the use of gender identification markers. Both dictionaries note an imbalance in the representation of feminatives, which are less frequently included in prestige collocations. The paper also reveals that in recent years, public texts in both languages show unsystematic use of job titles.
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The article is devoted to an analysis of Luigi Pirandello’s drama As You Desire Me which draws inspiration from an actual event connected with questions on the identity of a person suffering from amnesia. Unlike the real incident, the main character of Pirandello’s is a woman known only by her alias Stranger, as the main theme of the drama is establishing her true identity. The present article aims at proving that Pirandello’s drama is not a criminal mystery, but rather a deep reflection on the notion of human personality which in the case of a woman receives new, interesting meanings. One of them is spotting the correspondence between Pirandelli’s Stranger and Shakespeare’s Ophelia, as madness of both characters appears to have similar roots: female’s insanity seen through the prism of both dramas appears as defiance against the culture of patriarchy, but also stems from the conviction of one’s own emptiness and undefinedness. In this context, referring to studies on feminist criticism (E. Shawalter, K. Kłosińska, K. Woźniak), including studies on female hysteria is of relevance. Even though the structure of drama appears to lead to a finale in which the truth about the character is uncovered, Pirandello does not reveal her true identity. However, questions on female identity and female madness are worth reflecting upon, even if they remain unanswered.
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Słomiany ogień (A Flash in the Pan) and U źródła wiedzy (At the Source of Knowledge) are the only works by Artur Gruszecki that address the issue of women’s role in the society. Neither of them has been critically analysed as yet – Halina Tchórzewska-Kabata did not include them in her research. And yet, these two novels reveal the writer’s shrewd grasp of the contemporary reality. Written at the beginning of the twentieth century, both novels contain criticism of women’s feminist aspirations, but each does so from a different perspective. A Flash in the Pan, set in Cracow, is a straightforward satire of women’s emancipation. The author’s initial serious attention to women’s demands of social and political equality, right to maternity leave and full access to education, gives way to descriptions of bickering and gossip that lead to a complete disintegration of the city’s feminist clubs. At the Source of Knowledge revolves around the topic of higher education for girls. The author depicts the twists and turns of the lives of three young heroines, exposes the feeble motivation behind their scholarly aspirations, and sadly concludes that they are not adequately prepared to undertake university studies. Although Gruszecki’s novels were written in the twentieth century, they seem to be a direct continuation of the critical approach to emancipation movement that we can observe in works of other nineteenth century authors like Prus (Emancypantki, The Suffragists) and Gomulicki (Wyzwolona, The Liberated).
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