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This article constitutes an attempt at organising the non-conservative tendencies in Polish essays published in the 21st century, which apply to themes, the lowering of the tone, and forms of writing. One major stream is travel writing, which focuses not on the Mediterranean legacy, but on the ‘second world’: long-disadvantaged provincial areas. Many essayists abandon the traditional topic of books and works of art, and turn to ‘reading’ the animal world, the plant world, and the world of ordinary objects. The essay has also become a tool for introducing polarisation between that which is mainstream and that which is marginal and concerns minorities. The fact of choosing a non-traditional topic often entails a non-canonical cognitive attitude, which translates into experiments within the area of the form of expression. The author of this article argues that all those innovations can be accommodated by the flexible convention of the essay as a genre which, in principle, is supposed to constitute an artistic cognitive experiment.
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The article contains considerations on Marek Bieńczyk’s literary output and his book Kontener, published in 2018. All essays from the volume manifest their autobiographical and literary character. The main aim of the paper is to make a diagnosis connected with the particular and common (mis)understanding of the relations between death and life, mourning and vitality, melancholy and literature. This objective is accomplished through essay strategies. In texts that are part of Kontener, the suggestive and expressive subject makes continual new inquiries in order to find the essence of their (Bieńczyk’s) personal, and especially textual, identity.
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The article concerns a critical book by Stefan Chwin and Stanisław Rosiek, titled Bez autorytetu, which is treated as an example of the process of a certain turn in the Polish modern literature of the end of the 20th century. The author discusses the basic assumptions of critical concepts and indicates the questionable places of the problem structure emerging from those assumptions. In so doing, he treats Bez autorytetu as a form of a modern essay which developed in the conditions of mature modernism, which was reflected in the various attempts at transcending modernistic conditions, both formal and conceptual.
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This article discusses the special kind of Holocaust essay which, on the one hand, remains in opposition to academic texts and, on the other, is a text which resembles an autobiography, and which reveals its author’s personal engagement in the discussed problem. By analysing Jan Tomasz Gross’ study titled Ten jest z ojczyzny mojej..., ale go nie lubię and its consecutive printed versions, the author of this article discusses the benefit of engaging in essay-writing for the scholar, who fluctuates between the academic and non-academic discourses. To this end, she also discusses other Polish Holocaust essays published in the mid-1980s (by, e.g., Jan Błoński and Roman Zimand) and the theory of the essay by Theodor W. Adorno, which triggered Gross’ formal and notional search.
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Ursula Le Guin, „Is gender Necessary? Redux“, The Language of the Night. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993, стр. 155–172.
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The paper focuses on the figure of Maria Morska, a reciter dubbed “Skamander muse”, who had a versatile and multifaceted impact on the literary circles of her day. I am conducting the quest for the artist (elusive today in the face of scarce biographical sources) through interpreting the poems for which she was a magnet and a centre (i.e. Inwokacja by Antoni Słonimski and Groteska by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz). The image of Morska emerging from them presents a very original figure: one that was admired and received intensely. The poetic inscriptions of the impression which the Skamander muse made often bring to mind the reception of works of art. Morska refines commonness into a metaphor. Her literary image is a testimony to a moment of delight, dazzle, and – perhaps more importantly – spontaneous, artistic co-participation. She inspires one to look for pseudonyms and roles which would be capable of expressing the impression that accompanied her – one of changeability, glimmer, being different, never being the same.
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The author of the article deals with the poetic newspaper debut of Irena Tuwim (1898-1987), an outstanding author and translator of children’s literature, but also a poet who is forgotten or read only on the margin of the literary output of her brother, Julian Tuwim (1894-1953). The poem titled Panienka (A Maiden), published in Godzina Polski in 1916, is hereby subjected to a contextual analysis and referred to other poems by Irena Tuwim as well as confronted with her existence, also in the auto-emancipatory dimension.
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The article offers a reconstruction of the text-based fight between Adolf Nowaczyński and Antoni Słonimski. It was not, as it is argued here, only a contest of styles and temperaments – though this exchange proved one of the most impressive, powerful, and dramatic polemics of that time in terms of articulation. However, it stemmed from a long history of tumultuous contacts which offered an amplified view of the problems of identity (Jewishness), politics, and community. A comprehensive view of the combat between Nowaczyński and Słonimski requires both an analysis of the rhetorics of the texts and an investigation into the context and dynamics of publication.
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Шпанија у очима четворице наших путописаца: Растка Петровића, Милоша Црњанског, Станислава Кракова и Станислава Винавера
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