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Rewizja/e – Andrzeja Wróblewskiego rozpamiętywanie przeszłości*

Author(s): Daria Nowicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This article is an interpretation of the work of art entitled Revision – Arrest, painted in 1953. The first part of the text describes research on trauma and class of narrative related to it. Next, the text discusses the influence of the experience of war – and the death of his father – on the development of Wróblewski’s subsequent decisions regarding art, life, and aesthetics. The analysis connects the study of individual aspects of the image with the war-visions of the artist, with the goal of identifying points of correspondence between history and the work.

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Odtworzyć świat (z) traumy. O postmemorialnej prozie Görana Rosenberga Krótki przystanek w drodze z Auschwitz

Author(s): Mateusz Florczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This article considers literary features that are characteristic of the (post)memorial prose written by members of the so-called “second generation” after Shoah: in other words, children of Holocaust Survivors, who grew up within spaces delineated by family memories that were strongly tabooed. Based on the example of the autobiographical text A Brief Stop On the Road From Auschwitz, by Göran Rosenberg, the article discusses how narration representing traumatic memories disturbs narration tied to narrative (normative) memories. Drawing on terms from trauma and memory studies, the article proposes that such novels be read as medical epicrises, each containing a range of symptoms, diagnoses, and specific therapeutic processes. This article specifically examines the so-called identity dissociation of the author/narrator, following the condition’s development over the course of the text. Simultaneously, and aided by references to urban studies terminology, the article hypothesizes a process of the reconstruction of a childhood world from a grown-up perspective.

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Dziecięce doświadczenie wojny . powieściach Dzieci wśród nocy Ireny Krzywickiej i Od Karpat nad Bałtyk Anieli Gruszeckiej

Author(s): Dominika Olga Gołaszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this paper is to compare and analyse two depictions of thevexperience of childhood, as well as the portrayal of the characters and eventsvcontained within two works: Od Karpat nad Bałtyk, written in 1946 by AnielavGruszecka, and Dzieci wśród nocy, written in 1948 by Irena Krzywicka. Each of thevnovels depicts children’s wartime experiences, with particular significance beingvconferred upon contrasting portrayals of the experiences of German and Jewishvchildren. The authors have successfully captured the destruction of the children’svworlds in two novels that are well worth remembering and contemplating.

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Literackie świadectwo (nad)wrażliwej pamięci Kilka uwag o Łodzi bukowej Janiny Kościałkowskiej

Author(s): Erwina Dybisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The topic of the article is the nature of memory and remembrance in the work of Janina Kościałkowska, a literary artist associated with the Second Emigration, winner of Wiadomości award, and author of stories, plays, and novels. The topics under discussion in this paper are closely connected with the concepts of homeland, locality, and identity. Revisiting the past primarily speaks to the need for self-determination. These issues constitute an important element in Kościałkowska’s works, and embody various forms of literary interpretation while attempting to come to terms with the history and canonical perception of emigration.

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Czarnobylska modlitwa. Kronika przyszłości Swietłany Aleksijewicz: konflikt postkatastroficznych narracji

Author(s): Anna Karonta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Svetlana Alexievich’s Chernobyl Prayer: A Chronicle of the Future is a collection of narratives created after the catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The paper presents the posttraumatic reality as an inexpressible experience that cannot be explained or described. However, the inability to represent traumatic experience does not mean falling into silence. Instead, it rouses the imagination. Interviews with victims of the catastrophe carried out by the author confirm the existence of a specific, collective “imaginarium” of the conceptual realm, where the process of fantasizing actuates discourse, both metaphysical-apocalyptic and other, and also evokes the aestheticization of the disaster, as well as irony. The emergence of different languages reflects the possible ways of perceiving posttraumatic reality and creating postcatastrophic discourse. The catastrophe, which creates a threat – and simultaneously, an attraction, an unreal object of desire – is terrifying and at the same time ridiculous.

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Nad kulturową mapą cierpienia

Author(s): Ewelina Suszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This article provides critical context for, and an analysis of, Sebastian Porzuczek’s The Mapping of Pain: Reading – Gaze – Affect (Mapowanie bólu. Lektura – spojrzenie – afekt). Porzuczek’s study is an literary-anthropological project that aims to characterize the cultural conceptualization of pain in modernity – and, to a lesser extent, in postmodernity – through interpretations of mainly-European literary and film works. This article analyses The Mapping of Pain against a backdrop of earlier Polish research in the humanities. The reading of this book inspires further questions connected with Cartesian dualism, the ethical implications of the distinction between pain and suffering, and also the influences of the COVID-19 pandemic (bringing forth the concept of the viral epidemic from the margins of the attention of the postmodern world) upon today’s society.

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(Nie)poetyckie materie – o „lęku produkcji” w polskiej poezji nowoczesnej (Leśmian – Peiper i Przyboś – Różewicz)

Author(s): Łukasz Józefowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The aim of the study is to examine the work of classical poets of Polish modernism in the light of male studies developed by Calvin Thomas in his work Male Matters. The article brings forward the profile and work of Thomas showing that his ‘anxiety of production’ concept differs from other male studies in its distinctive usefulness in the field of literary studies. In his theory Thomas deals with the ambivalent relation between a male identity and the very act of writing which inevitably brings shameful externalisation (and even feminisation) in signs and makes the creator conditioned by his own product including its repulsive materiality. In my study I follow different ways in which modern Polish poets manage the immanent corporeality of creation, imagined as uncontrollable ejaculation, humiliating exertion or the painful process of giving birth to a poem.

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„Nieziemsko piękna / we wszechświecie rana” Figura homoseksualisty w wybranych wierszach Tadeusza Różewicza

Author(s): Krystian Maciej Tomala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Homosexuality is not the head subject of Tadeusz Różewicz’s works, but it is worth to pay attention to the unusual model of masculinity, which he presents especially in the case of gays. The author analyses two Różewicz’s poems: Zakatrupiony and Tate Gallery Shop. In these texts high culture art is situated next to the common dirt and ‘shit of the world.’ This contrast is used to present the main characters’ corporeality as problematic and depict their sexuality as stigmatic. Unexpected references to camp aesthetics are adjacent to the turpist ugliness and physiology of death. Różewicz’s interest in the social margin, due to the ‘pop’ tricks like fragment and assembly techniques typical for the fine and visual arts, alludes to the painting and film contexts of poems, as well as to the biographies of the heroes of these texts: Piero Paolo Pasolini and Francis Bacon. It effectively directs the readers’ attention to the problems of contemporary world which are important for the poet.

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Ukąszenie katechety. Przegrany apophrades Czesława Miłosza

Author(s): Jan Potkański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article interprets the changes in works and personality of Czesław Miłosz, in accordance with Harold Blooms model of agon between the poetic ephebe and his precursor. I pick up a discussion with the ealier Bloomian takes on Miłosz, which suggest that his most important teacher was Adam Mickiewicz. A careful analysis of Miłosz’s memoirs and ideological declarations proves that the original influence, decisive on Miłosz’s whole future evolution, came from a catechist, Rev. Leopold Chomski, white other master figures in poet’s works were just remoulding the original teacher’s image.

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Anarchie Gombrowicza. Gombrowicz na niewiele się przydał…

Author(s): Józef Olejniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

This essay considers the subjects of rebellion and anarchy in the work of Witold Gombrowicz from his debut to his last pieces. Both issues are related to two of the central oppositions in his work, maturity versus immaturity and superiority versus inferiority. In his considerations, Jerzy Olejniczak does not attempt to settle any issues or to advance arbitrary claims. Rather, he assumes the authorial position characteristic of the genre of the literary essay, asking questions and suggesting routes of exploration. This position allows him to essay to read passages from Gombrowicz through the prism of the present day and to submit that Gombrowicz’s “lessons” have not been thoroughly learned in Poland, owing largely but not exclusively to political and ideological machinations.

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Zraniony Leptynes, ukryty Teodor (Parnicki) – bolesna sygnatura w tekście

Author(s): Mirosław Gołuński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

This article attempts to address the three consequences of circumcising Leptines – a protagonist of Teodor Parnicki’s two novels – with regard to physicality (or eroticism), social issues (antisemitism), and identity. At the same time, it is argued that Leptines is not only one of the first hybrid protagonist in Parnicki’s fiction; in fact, the persistence in creating corresponding heroes and the similarities they share might suggest that Leptines functions also as the author’s signature.

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Jak ogromne mroczne świerszcze. O watykańskiej „dylogii” (Spiżowa brama i Urząd) Tadeusza Brezy

Author(s): Ewa Graczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

This article focuses on Tadeusz Breza’s (1905–1970) two texts published in 1960: Spiżowa brama, a literary reportage, and Urząd, a novel. The latter work is analysed in the context of the former in order to demonstrate that both texts might be treated as a partly concealed story of the undisclosed homosexual desire infiltrating the Catholic Church. Moreover, the writer’s attitude to communism is yet another issue encoded in Urząd.

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Rana dekapitacyjna (Śląska). Między diagnozami Jana Nikodema Jaronia i Szczepana Twardocha

Author(s): Krystian Węgrzynek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The author refers to the image deeply rooted in the European literature (Platon, Thomas Hobbes, Giorgio Agamben) of a social group pictured as an organism, with the head representing its leadership centre, and applies an anthropological analysis to the group of the “Silesian native population” (Marian Gerlich). A metaphor of a decapitated body seems to be a proper way to describe this group’s well consolidated pursuit of distinctiveness or even its separatist tendencies. The concept emerges from a number of tragic historical experiences, such as the death of Henry II the Pious in the Battle of Legnica (1241), the execution of Andrzej Kochcicki, the leader of the Silesian protestant nobility (1634) or a mysterious death of the leader of the 3rd Silesian Uprising, Wojciech Korfanty (1939). The research revolves around the analysis of Wojsko św. Jadwigi (St. Hedwig’s Army), a “Young Poland” drama of 1920 by Jan Nikodem Jaroń, whose main characters are Prince Henry’s closest relatives and their subsequent incarnations (the most important being the final ones – those of a Silesian insurgent family members). The concept of Upper Silesia as a Decapitated Body, which, although deprived of a leader, wants to live its separate life, or picturing this group as a monstrum (a dragon in Szczepan Twardoch’s novel Drach) can be treated as a reflection of the region’s autonomous tendencies. Such a vision of Silesia, autonomous or at least clearly distinctive from the rest of Poland – by cultural memory (Jan Assmann) if nothing else – emerges also from the results of the research conducted by modern sociologists (Marian Gerlich, Maria Szmeja).

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„Rozdarty skafander” Rafała Wilczura. O melancholii bohatera powieści Tadeusza Dołęgi-Mostowicza

Author(s): Sabina Kwak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

What happens to a person who has lost those dearest to them? How does a man act when, full of joy and hopes for the future, he is deprived of the company of his beloved wife and his only daughter when he least expects it? A study of such a case is found in Tadeusz Dołega-Mostowicz’s 1936 novel Znachor [The Quack]. In her article, Sabina Kwak argues this novel is primarily an exploration of loss and mourning – of running away from oneself, the degradation of the “I,” and the attempt to bury one’s past. Kwak’s analysis of the novel’s plot focuses on the depiction of the progressive work of mourning and of the story-advancing events in Rafał Wilczur’s life, from the loss of his family and his amnesia (the annihilation of the personality) to the restoration of his memory and, through that restoration, the gift of the ability to forgive. This approach allows the author to shed new light on this most cinematic of Mostowicz’s novels, with the psychoanalytic reading uncovering a deeper layer of meaning.

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Ograniczanie Irlandii. Badania (po)nad granicami i literatura rozbiorowa

Author(s): Leszek Drong / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (17)/2021

The 2016 referendum in the UK and then Brexit itself, formally introduced in 2020 and finalized – upon the conclusion of the transition period – at the beginning of 2021, have significantly affected the status of the border on the island of Ireland. Once the UK left the European Union, the border that separates the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland became an EU border as well. Although overnight the lives of the Irish people crossing the border did not change that much, gradual, and far-reaching, transformations have been taking place in the minds of the Irish and the British and in the overall economic, social and political circumstances on both sides of the old/new border. This essay seeks to address the Irish border’s history as well as its cultural and geopolitical contexts, based on the most useful insights of border studies. That perspective is enriched by elements of cultural memory studies to develop a position sensitive to the needs and aspirations of the border communities and individual borderlanders, who look for support and inspiration to their own local cultures and literary discourses. The aim of this essay is to explore various facets of the Irish border in light of the 2016 referendum’s results and ramifications. What is characteristic of the Tory neoimperialist vision and rhetoric in the UK is its disregard for the local, minority and regional issues on the island of Ireland. In consequence, the status of the 56 per cent of the inhabitants of Northern Ireland who voted “Remain” in the 2016 referendum may be described as that of a marginalized minority in their own country.

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Xenophobia and anti-Semitism in the Concept of Polish Literature*

Author(s): Tomasz Dominik Kamusella / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (17)/2021

In today’s Central Europe ethnolinguistic nationalism is the region’s standard normative ideology of statehood creation, legitimation and maintenance. This ideology proposes that in spatial terms, the area of the use of national language X should overlap with the territory of nation-state X, in which all members of nation X should reside. In terms of cultural policy, this means that only works written by “indubitable” members of nation X in language X can be seen as belonging to culture X. This self-limiting pattern of ethnolinguistic “purity” (homogeneity) excluded from 20th century Polish literature much of traditional Polish-Lithuanian culture and numerous authors writing in other post-Polish-Lithuanian languages than Polish. Democratization that followed the fall of communism in 1989 partly transcended this ethnolinguistic exclusion, but the old national policy has been back since 2015.

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Minor American: New Narrative, awangarda, queer, nekropolityka (Eileen Myles, Magdalena Zurawski, CA Conrad)

Author(s): Małgorzata Myk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (17)/2021

This article discusses the American avant-garde movement called New Narrative, which originated in the 1970s, as well as the poetic strategies that accompanied its socio-political involvement in the cause of emancipation of sexual minority groups. The author discusses the output of three representatives of this movement: Eileen Myles, Magdalena Zurawski, and CA Conrad, whose work and artistic activity have focused on the problems of civil rights and the freedoms, or lack thereof, of LGBTQ+ persons in the United States. The author undertakes an analysis of the three artists’ output within the context of the philosophical reflections of Joseph-Achille Mbembe on the necropolitics, a body of ideas currently investigated in the US in relation to queer identity and queer practices.

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Literatury mniejsze – poszukiwanie synergii przez rozplenienie napięć Rozważania śródziemnomorskie*

Author(s): Ewa Łukaszyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (17)/2021

In this article, the term “minor literatures”, coined by Deleuze and Guattari, finds its application in studies of contemporary Mediterranean writing. The author of the article combines this term with the notion of transculture. On the basis of examples from texts by authors such as Juan Goytisolo, Driss Chraïbi, Edmond Amran El Maleh, Najat El Hachmi, and Fouad Laroui, the author shows how literature created by migrating minorities introduces a dimension of synergy to a world marked by intercultural tensions, creating a new sense of community in individuals who radically deconstruct their identities.

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Literatura postkolonialna – literatura mniejsza. Pisarstwo postkolonialne wobec koncepcji Deleuze’a i Guattariego

Author(s): Izabela Poręba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (17)/2021

This article discusses narrative strategies of resistance in postcolonial literature in the context of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s work on minor literature. The predominant question is whether there is an affinity between Deleuzian thought and the problems of post-colonial theory. Some answers can be found in the book Deleuze and the Postcolonial, edited by Simone Bignall and Paul Patton. The use of language by minor literature has also been discussed in relation to Jacques Derrida’s reflections on the appropriation of foreign languages and monolingualism. The aim of this article is to ponder first, why post-colonial literature has been regarded as “minor” in the sense proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, and second, how it uses the many potentialities offered by language to express subaltern experiences and identities.

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Àngel Guimerà – czy tylko dobro narodowe Katalończyków?*

Author(s): Anna Sawicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (17)/2021

This article is concerned with literature created in Spain in the minority anguage of Catalan, examining the question of whether this literature could ever overcome its stereotypical reputation as peripheral. The article is also concerned with the reception of this literature, both from synchronic perspective – contemporaneous with Catalan playwright Àngel Guimerà, in Catalonia, Spain and abroad – and the diachronic perspective of the turn of the 20th century. The impetus to address this topic has come from renewed and ultimately unsuccessful attempts by Àngel Guimerà’s compatriots to nominate him for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

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