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Jubileu Dabijian : O Jumătate de Veac de Poezie!
Dabija, Nicolae. Reparatorul de vise. Antologie de versuri, Chișinău: Editura „Cartier”, 2016. 256 p.
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Dabija, Nicolae. Reparatorul de vise. Antologie de versuri, Chișinău: Editura „Cartier”, 2016. 256 p.
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The article informs and provides an analysis on the qualitative and quantitative level of the data regarding the folklore of the calendar customs (spring, summer, autumn), which were digitized within the project Saving the Folkloric Archival Material Preserved in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (EAP1045). Transgressed from the classic archiving format to the digitized one, the manuscripts and cassette tapes offer us valuable information gathered between 1956-1992, with reference to the folklore of the feasts celebrated in the warm season of the year, as well as of the customs, social, ceremonial and ritual practices, beliefs and mythical representations associated with them. Evaluating the consistency of documenting these folkloric and ethnographic expressions in the archival materials, we noticed inequalities and prioritizations in their recording and researching, the attention of the folclorists being visibly diffused towards other genres of folklore.
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For the Romanian Principalities, which were under the protection of the Allies throughout the Crimean War, the direct consequence of the Peace Treaty of Paris of 1856 was the exit from the Russian protectorate and the abolition of the Organic Regulations. If until then the Romanian countries were an unknown point on the world's map, the multitude of news about the course of the Principalities towards national autonomy and about the management of diplomatic relations with the expansionist Russian and Turkish powers that competed on the political scene of the Romanian space generates the formation of a curious Western public. In this context, the travel writings of foreign diplomats do not only provide some pieces of information, but outline an entire cultural framework that is claimed from the memory of the Orient, one of the very debated topics in the Western tradition.
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This study aims at analysing the mechanisms of the myth, recovered as a literary method by the Romanian novel of the sixties, under the Communist regime and subjected to censorship. The case study tackles the three novels penned by Eugen Barbu: Groapa, Principele and Săptămâna nebunilor, in which we attempt to mythically reconstitute the rhythmic arcanes of the alchemic ritual: regressus ad inferos (Groapa), conniunctio (Princepele) and redemption through the word, albedo (Săptămâna nebunilor). It will be shown that no matter how hidden the mythical structures are or how degraded in their morphology they might be, they retain their soteriological functions, especially through the characters` life-saving reveries.
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In the present article we propose an interdisciplinary analysis of Anton Holban’s novels. Being an example of modern Romanian fiction, focused on inner experiences, Holban’s work has a pronounced psychological character and, thus, can become an object of study for psychology and psychiatry. We propose an interpretation of the writer’s novels from the point of view of personality disorders. In our opinion, the protagonist has some characteristics described as symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), also referred to as obsessional personality or anankastic personality. We discuss several categories of these characteristics, such as uncertainty and lack of self-confidence, excessive vulnerability, self-analysis, control, excessive attention to details and judging everyone with one’s high moral standards. We focus on those aspects of the narrator’s personality which are the expression of his relation to himself and to other people, as we consider it extremely important. Our point is not to make a psychiatric diagnosis of Holban’s protagonist, but rather to suggest the possibility of using some data offered by psychology, psychopathology and psychiatry to interprete the writer’s work. This could shed some light on behavioral mechanisms that can be observed in both fictional character and Anton Holban himself, regarding the autobiographical aspect of his prose. On the other hand, we believe that literature can be a source of inspiration for science and, as such, help us on our way to understanding the human being.
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Review of: Nicolae Băciuţ, Între lumi: Convorbiri cu Nicolae Steinhardt, ClujNapoca, Dacia, 2006, 156 p.
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Representing the Transylvanian School, Ion Budai-Deleanu is the first great poet that this literary movement has offerred to us. He was an educated man, whose activity as a writer, poet, literary critic and theoretician, historian and linguist is still astonishing. His work is defined as promoting the ideeas of the Transylvanian Enlightenment, that means the Latin origin of Romanians and their language. Considering the shape and the content of his works, obviously it is difficult to classify; it cannot be considered as artistical work, but, in the same time, it grows out of the limits of the historical chronicles. He considered that Romanian language is not appropriate for poetical expression and his intention was to create a new language, an original artistic language, in order to improve poetical vision. Ion Budai-Deleanu is the author of the first Romanian odyssey - Ţiganiada - in an accomplished version. It was called „a treaty about hapiness,” but the main ideea of the poem reffers to the Romanians unity and desideratum.
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To speak about the beginnings of Romanian poetry, we first have to take into consideration the way our first poets were related to language, because the poverty of the vocabulary has been an impediment in expressing thoughts and ideeas. We also have to make the difference between popular and intelectual poetry. There is no doubt that Romanians have created poetry, starting with Filotei, N. Olahus and M. Costin; but the first attempts in this direction - meaning the use of Romanian instead of other languages - are connected to Coresi and his printings, Psaltirea slavo-română and Pripealele; we also have to mention Varlaam and his poetic thoughts, expressed in La stema ţării, M. Costin and his Viaţa lumii. The first Romanian poet, whose importance cannot be denied, is Dosoftei. His work, Psaltirea pre versuri tocmită, printed at Uniev, in 1673, is considered to be „the first monument of Romanian poetry.” Starting with him, the Romanian language has found its character as the language of Romanian ortodoxy.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the manner in which the issues of identity have been delineated for the theater of absurd representatives, by insisting over the way the playwrights have been falling upon hard times, of difficulties and crisis, close connected to the loss of identity and recover a new one. These biographical details thus become interpretative keys of the playwright works, the obsession of the biographic being reflected in the writen pages. We have started our analissys by an incursion in the term identity semantics and we have concluded that any comment concerning the identity can not skip its dialogical essence, the identitary construction being made only by using the dialogue to the others. Thus, any “self image” must be recognized by the others, it needs a comparative context. Thus, the close relation between identity and culture can be explained, because the cultural diversity represents the main laboratory that allows this comparison. During the last decades, the identity as a separate notion, has successfully grabed the attention of the researchers representing various domains, such as sociology, antropology, politology and history. The literary one, along with its segments, the theory of literature, dramaturgy, has been preoccupied by this aspect. The dramaturgy of the absurd is a very interesting territory to explore the identity aspects, especially because between the parents of the absurd theater we may find playwrights of various origins: an Irish, Samuel Beckett; an Armenian Russian, Arthur Adamov; a French, Jean Genêt; a Romanian, Eugen Ionescu. It is an important and significant theme, as long as the identity dilema of those personalities we have mentioned, has spread for several decades. We must consider the positive aspect that allows us too to retrace the identity dilema by using the playwrights own confessions, diaries, or the interviews they have offered at the age of absolute maturity; it is simptomatically that, in its public revelation, the starting point was represented by the playwrights themselves, that were in close connection to the literary critics. Thus, we have in front of our eyes a real and complex “file” of playwrights identity, consisting of their own confessions, of their family reflections and finally by information offered by the contemporary critics.
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Review of: Ştefania Mihalache, Copilăria: reconstituiri literare după 1989, Piteşti, Editura Paralele 45, 2019, 374 p.
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Anton Cosma (1941-1991) - literary critic, prose writer and dramatist - has left behind numerous unedited manuscripts, among which there are some unknown texts written during his university years, as a student at the Faculty of Philology in Cluj (1958-1963). One of them, presented by A. Cosma’s editor (Ela Cosma), surveys the biography of the humourist poet George Topârceanu (1886-1937). The text about G. Topârceanu is conceived by A. Cosma in the same lively manner and just as full of humour, as both the poet’s Balade vesele şi triste (Merry and Sad Ballads) and the critic’s own pieces of literature (short stories and commedies). George Topârceanu’s life seen by Anton Cosma reveals us certain keys to better understanding the critic’s private view of life and literary credo. It also offers, so to say, a lovely portrait of the literary critic as a young man.
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Analysing Pavel Dan’s and Cesare Pavese’s work, although there are differences, some similarities regarding the influence of biographies and space is visible. Both writers are born and raised in rural areas, where silent peasants were used with a hard work of the land. Both are considered realistic writers and both were compared with Faulkner. Pavese is also considered a modern writer. Pavel Dan was described both as traditionalist and modernist. The short stories of both writers may be structurally reduced to a unique event. An important symbol for Pavese is the hill, a muted witness of the heroes’ loneliness. The plain is the main symbol in Dan’s work. Loneliness is a major theme met in their short stories and a feeling they experienced for a long time. One of the similarities in the short stories of the two writers is the use of autobiography. Pavese’s literature is a symbiosis with biography, a meditation upon the self-abnormality, a result of an intense experience and of a careful self-analyse. Some literary critiques stated that Pavel Dan has no imagination and uses his reality transformed into text. Exile is another important theme in both creations. Pavese was exiled in the proper meaning of the expression. Pavel Dan was expelled from college and had to finish his studies in another city, Tulcea, with an antagonist landscape compared to the writer’s native land. Another antagonism is met in both creations – rural/urban. Carlo Dionisotti and Sergio Antonelli discuss this antagonism in Pavese’s work. Also Dan uses this opposition. His short stories presenting life in the city present the lost hopes and dreams of the children and young people coming from the rural areas, hoping to help their families remained in the village. This people always end as unhappy, lonely personalities, living fears isolated in the crowd.
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The article discusses the problems regarding the crisis of reading and the relation between literature and history during the first post-Communist decade in Romania, starting from a review about Mircea Cărtărescu’s short-prose collection ”Nostalgia” written in the autumn of 1990 by Monica Lovinescu.
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The debates around “authenticity”, in the Romanian literary criticism, have generally laid stress on such aspects as the narratological, the biographical, the mimetic, or the “poietic” (depending on the contrasting pairs taken into account: narrator vs. character, author vs. character, text vs. reality, author vs. text etc.). Some researchers based their commentaries on an etymological perspective, resulting in the broadening of the concept used and abused of in the interwar Romanian journalism. However, the nuances added by the late 20th c. local literary criticism cannot supply for the centuries of construction / deconstruction / reconstruction of the concept in the history of the European culture. This paper aims to point at a possible bridge between the ethical / philosophical developments of the concept and its use in the current literary discourse. Starting from some theories put forward by Charles Taylor or Alessandro Ferrara, an updated version of “authenticity” could be launched on today’s (literary) market.
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On the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of the writer, philologist and educator from Timisoara (Temeswar), this article attempts to illustrate the achievements and merits of Rudolf Hollinger (1910–1997), who had to live and survive in the precarious period of communism. After an eye operation in Temeswar that failed, the blind Hollinger was allowed to travel to Germany with his wife after having previously been prohibited from traveling to Germany for treatment. Deprived of his eyesight, he tirelessly worked with his patient wife, who recorded his dictation on the typewriter. Late and inadequate recognition could in no way slow him down. Unfortunately, he was not able to experience the publication of his volume of poems Deine Stunde, Tod, ist groß (Your hour, death, is great) in the year of his death. However, his friends and former students took care of the publication of some of his works.
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In this article I will analyse the contribution of Nicolae I. Apostolescu, one of B.P. Hasdeu’s disciples, who (in his study, Language and its Social Manifestations) resumes his magister’s discussion about noematology and enlarges its sphere, directing it to a kind of “hermeneutics of sense”, appliable to both revealing the (hidden) meaning in art in general, and to etymological explanations (in order to clarify, for instance, the way in which folk etymologies appear, when the speaker makes certain connections, understands the situations which motivate certain significations in a specific way etc.). On this occasion, I will try to demonstrate that N. I. Apostolescu deserves to be considered an important forerunner of the Romanian hermeneutical research.
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In this article I will analyse the contribution of Nicolae I. Apostolescu, one of B.P. Hasdeu’s disciples, who (in his study, Language and its Social Manifestations) resumes his magister’s discussion about noematology and enlarges its sphere, directing it to a kind of “hermeneutics of sense”, appliable to both revealing the (hidden) meaning in art in general, and to etymological explanations (in order to clarify, for instance, the way in which folk etymologies appear, when the speaker makes certain connections, understands the situations which motivate certain significations in a specific way etc.). On this occasion, I will try to demonstrate that N. I. Apostolescu deserves to be considered an important forerunner of the Romanian hermeneutical research.
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The first manuscripts with Slavonic-Romanian dictionaries date from the 17th century and six of these have been preserved to the present day almost intact. They are all based on Pamvo Berynda’s lexicon (1627), to which several word lists were added in some of the manuscripts. These manuscripts have mostly been studied from a lexical point of view. Our study aims at describing the way in which the lexicons were elaborated, at observing the significant orthographic variations and also at becoming an additional toolfor establishing the network of filiations from which the Romanian lexicons resulted. Our observations focus on the entries for the first three letters in the above-mentioned lexicons. As all these lexicons were available in electronic format, we identified the propagation of several errors in the Romanian antigraphs, emphasized various aspects related to spelling and compared the additional lists. The data indicates that Romanian manuscripts preserve the orthography of Berynda’s Lexicon and the additional lists to a different degree. These variations suggest the existence of at least one protograph between the source and the Romanian lexicons. Applied to the entire content of the manuscripts, the investigation of these variations could contribute to the identification of the manuscript that is the closest to the initial version.
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This paper investigates the purpose of using certain translation strategies in the Romanian version of the novel Die Entdekkung von Amerika (1781) by Joachim Heinrich Campe, translated from German by the merchant and teacher Nicola Nicolau from Brașov and published at the Printing House of the University of Buda in 1816 with the title Descoperirea Americii. Starting from the skopus theory developed by Hans Vermeer, the purposes of producing the Romanian version are analysed, in comparison with those of writing the original text and of the translations in other languages. At the textual level, through the comparative analysis, strategies are highlighted, especially omissions and interpolations, which help to achieve the goals of the translator or the text. Thus, through the transfer between the source and the target culture, one can observe the maintenance of the pedagogical Enlightenment goals, of instructing the masses regarding moral virtues and historical and geographical knowledge, and the addition of the one of cultivating the Romanian language.
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This paper investigates the purpose of using certain translation strategies in the Romanian version of the novel Die Entdekkung von Amerika (1781) by Joachim Heinrich Campe, translated from German by the merchant and teacher Nicola Nicolau from Brașov and published at the Printing House of the University of Buda in 1816 with the title Descoperirea Americii. Starting from the skopus theory developed by Hans Vermeer, the purposes of producing the Romanian version are analysed, in comparison with those of writing the original text and of the translations in other languages. At the textual level, through the comparative analysis, strategies are highlighted, especially omissions and interpolations, which help to achieve the goals of the translator or the text. Thus, through the transfer between the source and the target culture, one can observe the maintenance of the pedagogical Enlightenment goals, of instructing the masses regarding moral virtues and historical and geographical knowledge, and the addition of the one of cultivating the Romanian language.
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