Память, мифологизация или мифопоэтика? Лермонтов в свете религиозной философии Серебряного Века

Author(s): Józsa György Zoltán / Language(s): Russian Issue: 07/2015

In the present article the author attempts to summarise and juxtapose views on Lermontov’s oeuvre formulated by the religious philosophers of the Silver Age. The polemic assessment made by Vladimir Solovyev offered a stimulus to reconsidering Lermontov’s position in Russian national canon. Beginning with Merezhkovsky, interpreting the works of Lermontov in accordance with his own metaphysical philosophical construction, all religious thinkers, including N. Berdyaev, L. Shestov, have reacted to the dilemma “Pushkin or Lermontov”, even if they did so in the form of scattered comments. Religious motifs coded in Lermontov’s prose and poetry, suggest that the sacral code of Russian literature and arts determined his poetics. This is obvious from the project of the composition seen in his foreword to A Hero of Our Time. V. V. Rozanov deemed Lermontov a ‘mystagogue’, whereas the Rev. Florensky, discussing his oeuvre pre-eminently in the framework of his own doctrine on Sophia, addresses the role of ‘titanic’ notion. The Rev. Sergius Bulgakov and S. M. Solovyov clarified facts leading to Vl. Solovyov’s negative assessment. In their writings religious philosophers created a picture sharply contrasting with vulgarised readings afforded by future generations of historians of literature, who strived to make out Lermontov the artist as a vulgarised critic of the social and political atmosphere of his time.

Образ России в восприятии писателей русского зарубежья первой волны (по материалам произведений эссеистских жанров)

Author(s): Viktoriya Zakharova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 07/2015

This article seeks to address, which reflected the image of Russia in the genres related to essay in the prose of the Russian emigration of the first wave in the 20 – 30-ies; to relate the artistic vision of the artists with the emigrant religious-philosophical thought. It is proved how talented multi-faceted were the emigrant essays: its genre modifications differed in each case, the original artistic synthesis, caused by a deep interest in the substantive basis of national life, to the spiritual nature of Russian life. Sometimes article becomes deep philosophical works, diary entry – an important final reflection on the essential issues, preface to the play of historical and philosophical treatise about the national character. In this case includes other genre elements: actively promoted symbolic images, sounded the implied-associative motives, plot-function performs lyrical. Particularly important role played mythopoetics.

Między determinizmem a prowidencjalizmem. Perspektywa historyczna w dramacie Dymitra Mereżkowskiego Carewicz Aleksy

Author(s): Alina Sobol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2015

The article focused attention on the analysis of Merezhkovsky’s theory about fate of the people and natural factor and his effect on the life these people – subjects of historical process (determinants and invariance of fate of the people). Discussed also historiosophical and esthetic concepts – connected with historical process: theory of dualism, Triad’s world, ideas The New and The Third Testaments. This article contains analysis the motif of religious revolution as a crucial moment in the history.

„Chrześcijanin na tronie”, czyli o religijności i patriotyzmie w Czerwonym Kole Aleksandra Sołżenicyna na przykładzie postaci Mikołaja II

Author(s): Monika Sidor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2015

The article deals with the issue of the religious position of individuals in ‘the Red Wheel’ by A. Solzhenitsyn. The main attention is focused on features of tsar Nicholas II. Analyzing an example of the last Russians Emperor proves that Solzhenitsyn presents the religious theme from patriotic point of view.Despite individual devotion, honesty and even officially admitted holiness of Nicholas II Solzhenitsyn shows rather negative sides of the tsar. According to the writer the Emperor takes responsibility for spreading the revolution and the catastrophe of Russia. The Solzhenitsyn attitude is revealed in the narrative technique, particularly the usage of irony in characterizing of figures. Even tsar’s martyrdom, which is shown in the last part of ‘March 1917’, doesn’t change the specific critical picture of him in the Solzhenitsyn’s epic.

Мотив Путей Господних на примере повести Ирины Пятницкой Пима Солнечный

Author(s): Zoja Kuca / Language(s): Russian Issue: 07/2015

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the motif of the Lord's Ways in the story Sunny Pima by Iryna Piatnickoy. Iryna Piatnickoy is a contemporary Russian writer whose writings are mainly focused on spiritual realia as well as on creating spiritual values. In her story, the writer presents the fate of two children from an orphanage; she shows their unshaped interior, which, without any resistance, is open to the contact with the sacrum. On the basis of Stas, one of the children in the orphanage, Iryna Piatnickoy demonstrates how much can be done by an adult person who shows the correct way to the neophyte. A very important place in the story is given to the symbol of the cross, which possesses a number of different connotations in the Christian culture. In Pima Solniecznyj the symbol of the cross is presented in a visual and a verbal way.

Из переписки М. Горького и П. Рутенберга

Author(s): Lidiya Spiridonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 07/2015

The article Spiridonova L. the analysis of correspondence with M. Gorky and P. Rutenberg an engineer, a prominent figure of the socialist revolutionary party in 1905-1909 ag,, one of the founders of an independent Jewish state. It lasted from 1909 to 1936 and covered a variety of topics: murder of the priest Gapon, the activities of the socialist party in the early twentieth century, the Russian-Italian cultural ties, the construction of the first electric company in Palestine, through bitter cultural process in Eretz-Israel. As an example, are two unknown letters of 1928, in which Gorky and Rutenberg exchange opinions about released in the USSR historical books about the murder of Gapon. In General, the article reveals an unknown Chapter in the history of the twentieth century.

Плач Адама и «адамический текст» в древнеславянской рукописной традиции

Author(s): Milena V. Rozhdestvenskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

Apocryphal stories of Adam related to the subjects of the Paradise lost, Adam’s repentance and expulsion from Eden, life of Adam and Eve after the expulsion, the manuscript that Adam gave to Satan, the Holy Cross story – all these subjects can be called the single Adamic text. This intertestamental texts includes Story of how many parts Adam was created from, Adam’s Handwriting, Story of the Cross Tree, Story of Adam and Eve, Adam’s Lament. In Old Russian manuscripts these texts were not necessarily clearly divided from one another, they were often copied as a single set related to the first man and woman. Author had like to look in more detail into the lament of Adam. The Old Testament says nothing about the penance and lament of Adam after his and Eve’s expulsion from Eden. However, the apocryphal Old Russian version (Confession of Eve) mentions his crying and lamenting. Another genre of the Adamic text (apart from prayer, narration, and lament) is the question-and-answer erotapocritical apocryphal literature in the form of riddles and solutions. For example, in the wellknown apocryphal ‘Talk of three Holy Hierarchs’, the text known in different versions to the southern Slavs since the 12th century, which has a long literary tradition in Russia well into the 19th century, there are riddles concerning Adam. The theme of Adam in Old Russian literary and oral traditions is present in several genres: narrative, spiritual verse, riddles.

Oni a my: ruská literárněvědná bohemistika a česká literatura

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

The author of the present article tries to demonstrate — in connection with several Russian team publications and three significant personalities of Russian Czech literary studies — the specific features of the Russian research of Czech literature, its positive features and pitfalls. The latter ones are often linked with the excessive dependence on the opinions of the Czech literary establishment in any historical period and with a less intensive integration of genuine Russian and — in a wider sense — East-Slavonic cultural experience. The studies by Sergey Nikolsky, Lyudmila Budagova, and Svetlana Sherlaimova, however, also represent relatively independent reflections of Czech literature as a whole and, above all, its leading personalities.

Carinik i Anuška

Author(s): Dževad Karahasan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 34-35/2004

"Majstor i Margarita" Mihaila Bulgakova sasvim razgovijetno se doziva s dva velika klasična djela evropske tradicije i tim dozivanjem brani klasični koncept književnosti to jest dokazuje kako je i u našem stoljeću, izrazito anti-klasičnom u svakome zamislivom smislu, klasična književnost moguća. (Klasičnim ovdje nazivam djelo koje, ne gubeći ništa od svoje jedinstvenosti, okuplja u sebi mnoga djela, utemeljujući to okupljanje na korespondenciji a ne na citiranju.) Ta dva djela s kojima "Majstor i Margarita" korespondira sasvim očigledno su Danteova "Božanska komedija" i Goetheov "Faust".

Руски живот Биргерове „Леноре”

Author(s): Vuk M. Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 153/2014

Oнирические мотивы в романе Михаила Булгакова Мастер и Маргарита

Author(s): Anna Chudzińska-Parkosadze / Language(s): Russian Issue: 147/2014

The article deals with the problem of oneiric motives in the novel The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov. Onirism seems to be the leading tendency of the created world in the Bulgakov’s novel. The heroes come through the complex structure of the presented world by means of their dreams. Bulgakov shows their life as the initiation path, which starts in the material world, then evaluates into astral dimensions, and reaches the eternity. Moreover, in the novel one can notice three basic types of dreams, which had been classified by Plato.

Wizerunek „rosyjskiego niedźwiedzia” we współczesnej zachodniej karykaturze politycznej: zarys problemu

Author(s): Żanna Sładkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Political caricature is an important segment of the satirical communication space. It takes on specialimportance in the era of pictorial return, the dominance of visual culture. The image becomes an importantcarrier of meaning, a way of expression. An important role in the shaping of contemporary caricatures playdifferent forms of visual intertextuality. The main communicative intention of cartoonists is ridiculing ofdevelopments in the policy and sharp criticism of the destructive actions of the political elite. Usingstereotypical images in this order opens up new opportunities of presentation and interpretation of politicalactivities. One of these images, deeply embedded in the culture and consistently correlated with Russia, is theimage of a RUSSIA BEAR. The caricature it can be presented as a good-natured fairy-tale and OlympicMisha or, more often, as aggressive, bloodthirsty, angry beast that acts cruelly and ruthlessly. In this articlethe author shows a stereotypical „Russian bear” in Western political caricature.

IZLAZ ZA ONAMO

Author(s): Maria Ignatieva,Draginja Ramadanski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 440/2006

Interview with Maria Ignatieva by Draginja Ramadanski

DŽINGIZ AJTMATOV– JEDAN OD NAJVEĆIH SAVREMENIH SVJETSKIH PISACA

Author(s): Zilhad Ključanin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 26/2006

In the Russian literature of the second half of the 20th century we notice an increasing influence of the “national” literatures; Aphasia’s, Azerbaijan’s, Uzbekistan’s, Kyrgyz’s… Freed from pseudo-didactic model, those literatures become interesting not only to Russian but to the world readers. Chingiz Aimatov has become the world renowned in the last decade of the past century. He has been translated to many languages, received many international awards, and became a member of the Kyrgyz’s Academy of Sciences as well as of the World’s Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Пикник поред пута браће Стругацки и видео–игра СТАЛКЕР: мотивскe и наративнe везе у контексту интерактивно–нелинеарног приповедања

Author(s): Miloš Jocić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 160/2016

In this paper we will attempt a comparative interpretation of Strugatsky Brothersʼscience fiction novel Roadside Picnic and GSC Game Worldʼs action–adventure video game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. The goal of this research is to show that video games, with their interactivity discourse, can on certain levels significantly enrich and elaborate the ideas found in the source material. In other words, the goal is to show that even hypermodern narrative forms – such as video games – can be perceived as artistically notable adaptations of the source literary work.

СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ПАРАМЕТР В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РУССКИХ АВТОРСКИХ СЛОВАРЯХ

Author(s): Eleonora Shestakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: XXVI/2017

The aim of this article is to analyze the practice of using of stylistic labels in modern Russian author (writer) dictionaries. It is shown that labels of this type as the main kind of markers of stylistic information characterize, first of all, the explanatory author dictionaries, which have a full corpus. In these dictionaries the set of the stylistic labels represents the selection from the available nomenclature of labels, which is supplemented by new labels. From the functional point of view, such labels are dual – on the one hand, they stylistically structure the author’s lexicon, on the other hand – they are the markers of certain features of his individual style. Among differential author explanatory dictionaries, such ones are separated, in which the stylistically painted specific massifs of lexicon are presented. The stylistic unity of such words defines redundancy of labels and therefore the application of special receptions in relation to them (for example, their transfer in a reference part of the dictionary entry) is used. Special attention is given to author registrative dictionaries (to concordances, frequency dictionaries), in which the structure complication is connected with using of stylistic labels. The research is based on the material of Russian author dictionaries published mainly at the beginning of the year 2000.

XIX. Yüzyıl Rus Edebiyatında Eleştiri

Author(s): Fatma Ataklı Saçak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Literary criticism is the academic discipline of the techniques evaluating and inquiring literary works in the frame of art. Criticism deals with the assessment and interpretation of literary works in contemporary perspective, including the social and philological debates of the zeitgeist; reveals and explains the creative principles of literature movement. Literary criticism is interwoven with the literature and art, as well as other social disciplines. In the beginning of the eightenth century, literary criticism with an expanding readers and advancement in literature began to appear in Russian literature by Petro reforms, and the first newspapers and magazines began to emerge. Consequently Russian literature and criticism, has made great progress with the Enlightenment.In the 19th century, It is widely accepted that Russian literary criticism reached its peak under the influence of various literary movements. In the first half of the 19th century, divisions of literary criticism were formed on the basis of literary movements such as classicalism, sentimentalism, and romanticism. In the second half of the 19th century, literature was integrated in criticism with social matters.

Cвoeoбpaзиe гapaдигмы c дoминaнтoй xopoший плoxoй : (нa мaтepиaлe пpoиэвeдeний A. П. Чexoвa и coupe pyccкoгo языкa)

Author(s): Jarosław Wierzbiński / Language(s): Russian Issue: 21/1989

W niniejszej pracy autor porusza zagadnienie antonimii w języku Czechowa w obrąbie paradygmatu z dominantą choroszyj-płochoj, wokół której ogniskują się opozycje choroszyj-durnoj/chudoj/niechoroszyj/biezobraznyj/gadkij/protiwiyj/mierzkij/złoj/rasрpustnyj. Tak zestrojone w tematyczną całość opozycje antonimiczne zostały poddane analizie w celu wyodrębnienia ich właściwości semantycznych i funkcjonalnych. Rozwiązania tego problemu szukano głównie w materiale leksykograficznym współczesnego języka rosyjskiego, do czego wykorzystano dane zawarte w słownikach antonimicznych, synonimicznych i objaśniających. W wyniku porównań artykułów hasłowych wskazuje się na status poszczególnych antonimów pod względem ich ekspresyjności, czy też nacechowania stylistycznego. Jednocześnie autor podejmuje próbę spojrzenia na antonimiczne realizacje Czechowa w aspekcie historyczno-czasowym. Analiza taka w znacznej mierze pozwala wyciągnąć wnioski o strukturze semantycznej i wartości stylistycznej antonimów w ubiegłym stuleciu. Pod względem wykorzystania antonimów przez pisarza interesujące są relacje ilościowe świadczące np. o regularnym i równorzędnym użyciu takich opozycji. Jak choroszyj-płochoj i choroszyj-chudoj.

Концепт «сверхчеловек» и демонические герои Достоевского в русской эссеистике Cеребряного века

Author(s): Ágnes Dukkon / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The paper deals with the interpretations of the concept “сверхчеловек” in the Russian literature and philosophy of the Silver Age. The focus of the investigation is on the questions of similarities and differences between Nietzsche’s “Übermensch” and the Russian concept of “сверхчеловек” as well as the revival of the romantic cult of “demon”, i.e. the rebellious hero (from Lermontov to Dostoevsky) at the end of the 19th century. The reflections of these questions in the essays of Vl. Solov’ev, S. Znamensky, I. Annensky, and V. Ivanov are studied, and the author tries to point out the connections between the “demonic figures” of Dostoevsky and certain meanings of the concept of “сверхчеловек”.

Нарцисс и «лишний человек»

Author(s): György Zoltán Józsa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

Reconsidering Beltov’s figure in Herzen’s Who is to Blame? will lead to revealing psychological traits relevant for the ‘superfluous man’. Features of narcissism and a set of motifs related to the mythologeme of Narcissus traced in the text allow us to conclude that selfreflexion, autobiographical method in poetics as well as a dialogue between individualism and collectivism will prevail, surpassing social aspects.