Thomas White, an Aristotelian Response to Scepticism

Author(s): Marco Sgarbi / Language(s): English Issue: 58/2013

The paper aims to examine straightforwardly Thomas White’s Sciri, sive Sceptices et scepticorum jure disputationis exclusio (1663) and to contextualise it in the broadest intellectual framework of the seventeenth-century Aristotelianism. From the examination of the Exclusio we can see the novelty and freshness of White’s Aristotelian positions in attacking all kinds of scepticism. These originalities are the subject of the present article, rather than the well-known controversy with Joseph Glanvill.

Rozważania na temat recepcji Peri heimarmenes Aleksandra z Afrodyzji w filozofii Renesansu

Author(s): Danilo Facca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2008

This article is dedicated to the reception of Alexander of Aphrodisias’ treatise On fate (Peri heimarmenes) in the 16th and 17th century, as a part of the Renaissance ‘return” to the ancient literature and philosophy. Despite of several editions and Latin translations (and despite the fact that the problem of fate and predestination was largely debated at the epoch), Alexander’s work was generally rejected by representatives of university philosophy as theoretically inadequate. The article refers the case of P. Pomponazzi, G. Cardano and S. Porzio and shows the reasons of their negative attitude towards Alexander’s theories of contingency and „free will”. Nonetheless the On fate lived a second life outside universities and outside peripatetic philosophy, as it had a noteworthy success among the humanists, especially among those who were engaged in - confessional and religious pole mics.

Studia humanitatis: Da li je okretanje antičkoj Grčkoj renesansi donijelo elemente za uspostavljanje nove filozofije čovjeka?

Author(s): Željko Škuljević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2017

Nesporno je da je okretanje antičkoj Grčkoj dalo renesansi “humanistička krila”, ali ne tako brzo i ne tako jednoznačno. Naime, osim što postoje najrazličitiji autori i njihove interpretacije, koje, nerijetko, idu do antitetičnosti, pitanje koje filozofski intrigira nosi u sebi neku vrst dvoznačnosti: puko oponašanje ili je to, bez obzira na formalno prizivanje antičkog, autohton pronalazak renesansnog doba? Možda upravo onako da se, sudeći da “naš razum meri nebo, prosuđuje o rađanju zvezda, obuhvata celu zemlju...”, najbolja škola čovječnosti resp. humanizma po Giovanniju da Pratu ustanovljava ljudskim doprinosom prošlosti i ljudskim namjerama za budućnost. Ili, pak, nešto treće. U svakom slučaju, krećući od humanističkih početaka, nadamo se da naša pokušajnost neće biti deja vu.

Гілозоїзм як теорія живої природи в духовній культурі людства

Author(s): Galyna Berehova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

The article considers the genesis hilozoyizmu that occurs as a materialist theory of spirituality matter in Greek philosophy and finds a natural sequel to the Renaissance and modern times as the doctrine of the soul and psychic reality. Affirms the idea of emotional and relationship of respect for nature and spiritual culture of mankind.

До визначення джерел полікультурності України: соціально-етичні проблеми у творчості С. Оріховського-Роксолана

Author(s): Mariya Rohozha / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Socio-ethical views of the prominent Ukrainian thinker of Polish-Lithuanian Age S. Orzechowski-Roksolan is observed in the article. Special attention is focused on the ways, in which S. Orzechowski-Roksolan considered problems of polyculture of Ukrainian lands and brought them into the space of socio-ethical reflection.

НЕОСТОИЦИЗМ ЮСТА ЛИПСИЯ И ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКОЕ ЗНАНИЕ В ЭПОХУ ПОЗДНЕГО ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЯ

Author(s): Alexander Sanzhenakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The paper is considering Justus Lipsius’s the history of philosophy works. I distinguish the main ideas of Neostoic work “On Constancy” (1584) and show what kind of confusions Lipsius confronted when he was trying to transport some Stoic dogmas on the Christian ground. The main part of this paper pays special attention to the late works of Lipsius – the “Guide of Stoic Philosophy” and the “Physics of the Stoics” (1604), in which he reveals a deeper knowledge of Stoic dogmatics. Analyzing these writings, I show the specifics of the historical approach of Lipsius. It is shown that Lipsius did not follow Seneca’s theses all the times, but considered it possible to correct them in order to bring some of them in line with the Christian dogmatics. For this purpose, he was appealing to the Christian (e.g. St. Augustine) and proto-Christian (e.g. Plato) authors. In conclusion I try to argue that we should consider these appeals as an attempt to actualize the Stoic idea in new intellectual context, which is the task of any historian of philosophy.

O "ESEJIMA" I O ESEJU

Author(s): Vesna Čaušević Kreho / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2016

No discussion of the essay as a genre can avoid a reference to its creator,late Renaissance French writer Michel de Montaigne. His 1580 collection The Essays provided the archetypal patterns for this literary genre, which have – despite all the historical transformations of the essay – remained influential and relevant up until the present day. This article seeks to explore Montaigne’s approach to writing and writing practices which led him to the creation of a new literary genre. I argue that the form of the essay in Montaigne’s writing practically shaped itself, as a result of the author’s exceptional freedom of thought and research.The second part of the article reflects upon Montaigne’s influence and legacy in the centuries to follow in France, leading to the ultimate recognition and impressive rise of the essay genre in the 20th century, when it grew to become a crucial component of the intellectual life not only in France but also around the world.

Bruno’S Organic universe and the natural magic

Author(s): Zheng WANG / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600) is regarded as the principal representative of the infinite and homogenous universe. Bruno has a modern rational mind by no means. However, his doctrine has so deeply influenced the reconstruction of a modern understanding of the material of universe and human body. His process of rebuilding the cosmology and humanity consists in learning the individual’s psychical condition and the relations between society and man. The links between the components of the brunian organic universe can be generated spontaneously from “love-Eros” for the mundane life of its infinite expansion. And in his organic universe, Bruno considers and desires all beings to be alive, all to be animated.And from this doctrine, his predilection for the magic is derived, which is based precisely on the presupposition of a universal “panpsychism” aiming to take possession of the natural world with artifices.

Suárezova teorie vzniku species sensibilis a kognitivního aktu vnějších smyslů v kontextu středověké a renesanční filosofie

Author(s): Daniel Heider / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

The study presents F. Suárez’s theory of the principles of sensation in the context of medieval (Averroes, John of Jandun) and renaissance philosophy (Nifo, Cajetan). It proceeds in five steps. First, it considers Suárez’s ontology of sensory cognitive act. Second, it treats Suárez’s theory of the formation of sensible species. Third, it presents Suárez’s ontology of sensible species. Fourth, it exposes Suárez’s theory of the efficient causes of the sensory cognitive act. In conclusion, the author states that Suárez’s theory, compared to the doctrines of Aquinas and Thomists, constitutes the significant historical shift from cognitive passivism to cognitive activism mirroring the Zeitgeist of the Renaissance philosophy without abandoning the basic tenets of the traditional Aristotelian – scholastic philosophy.

Plótinos műveinek tanulmányozása a reneszánsz Itáliában

Author(s): Monika Frazer-Imregh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

This paper sums up the history of Plotinus’s return to philosophical thinking in Western Europe, which started in Italy. The manuscripts of the Enneads arrived from the Byzantine Empire to Vicenza, Venice, Florence, Bologna, and Padova in the first half of the 15th century. Plotinus’s work was spread by the students of the Florentine Manuel Chrysoloras: Giovanni Aurispa, Niccolò Niccoli and others, who built great collections of Greek and Latin manuscripts by ancient authors. The first scholars who lectured on Plotinus were members of the Greek delegation to the Council of Florence (1439): Gemistus Pletho, Basilios Bessarion, and John Argyropulos. They all stayed in, or returned to, Italy, and were teaching in Padova, Florence and Rome. In the second half of the century three good friends, Marsilio Ficino, Angelo Poliziano and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, were in the centre of a circle of scholars and poets in Florence who studied Platonic works. Pico suggested to Ficino that he should translate Plotinus’ Enneads; the translation was subsequently published in 1492 and included an extensive commentary. Their students then spread the Latin translation and commentary across Europe.

ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM: LAUS STULTITIAE BETWEEN HEDONIST LUXURY AND CHRISTIAN SIMPLICITY

Author(s): Adriana Cîteia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2017

Erasmus in Rotterdam analyze the forms of self-exploration and the need of a subjective pantheon, capable of replacing the classical mythology and the Christian one. The trickster goddess of Madness from the Erasmi enkomion is an ephemeral god of private happiness. The individual assumes the liberty of reconstructing his interior space.

Die Metaphysik der Liebe bei Pico

Author(s): Monika Frazer-Imregh / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2013

Spinozin geometrijski metod

Author(s): Una Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2013

In this paper Spinoza’s geometrical method is examined in comparison with methods of Descartes and Euclid, with intention to accentuate the unique character of this method, as it was given with Ethics. Analysis is focused on geometrical method as the method of demonstration; the geometrical method is problematized as the method for cognition and discovery, as well as the method immanent to Spinoza’s philosophy. Finally, analysis accentuates Spinoza’s relationship towards his reader, thus further revealing the meaning of the geometrical method.

Razgovori o Spinozi

Author(s): Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2013

Bejah oduvek duboko poštovao velikog čoveka, ali je moja želja za bližim poznanstvom postala još snažnijom nakon njegovog teološkog spora i čitanja njegove Parabole. Imao sam sreće da je moj Alvil pobudio njegovo interesovanje, te da mi je poslao neke prijateljske pozdrave – isprva preko putnika, a najzad i pismom koje mi je napisao 1779. godine. Odgovorio sam da narednog proleća planiram putovanje koje će me povesti putem Volfenbitela, gde sam žudeo da kroz njega prizivam duhove nekolicine mudraca sa kojima o izvesnim stvarima ne bih mogao da započnem razgovor. [...]

Izvod iz prepiske Dekarta i Elizabete

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2009

Vreme je stalno bilo tako promenljivo otkako sam imao čast da vidim vašu Visost, a bilo je i tako hladnih dana za ovo godišnje doba da sam često brinuo i strahovao hoće li voda iz [banje] Spa biti onako zdrava i korisna kao što bi bila po vedrijem vremenu; a budući da ste mi ukazali čast posvedočivši mi kako bi vam moja pisma mogla poslužiti da se malo razonodite dok vam lekari preporučuju da duh ne zaokupljate ničim što ga napreže, loše bih postupio s vašom milostivošću koju mi ukazujete dopuštajući mi da vam pišem ako bih propustio prvu priliku koja mi se u tom smislu pruža. [...]

Stoicizam i epikureizam u renesansi

Author(s): Ágnes Heller / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2007

Svaka filozofija je jedinstvo pogleda na svet i držanja koje je u skladu sa tim pogledom. Biti filozof znači pre svega dve stvari: stvoriti takvu sliku sveta koja dublje i šire od dotadašnjih rasvetljava objektivne sadržaje svarnosti i, istovremeno, društvenim i etičkim držanjem ostvariti praktične posledice koje proizilaze iz novog pogleda na svet. Što se ličnosti filozofa tiče, ova veza je bezuslovna. Ali, nezavisno od sadržaja određene filozofije, od sadržinskog štastva izrečene stvarnosti zavisi da li će obični ljudi koji je prihvataju morati (ili bi, bar, morali) da u svakodnevnoj praksi primenjuju ono što proizilazi iz njene imanentne sadržine. Tako je, na primer, uobičajena pojava u praksi svesno ili nesvesno karikiranje zahteva ponašanja koji proizilaze iz prihvatanja prevaziđene, slike sveta koja više ne zadovoljava potrebe vremena. [...]

Grčka i počeci renesanse. (Ne)skriveni aristotelizam platonizma

Author(s): Željko Škuljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

Knjige su pune riječi mudraca, primjera antičkih o običajima, zakonima, religiji. Žive, raspravljaju, govore sa nama, poučavaju nas, upućuju nas, tješe nas, čine nas prisutnim, stavljajući nam pred oči stvari veoma udaljene od pamćenja – čitamo u, sada već čuvenom, pismu koje je kardinal Visarion 31. maja 1468. uputio duždu Kristoforu Moru da bi Veneziji poklonio svoju biblioteku koja je sadržavala 482 grčke i 264 latinske knjige. Toliko je veliko njihovo dostojanstvo, njihova veličanstvenost, i, najzad, njihova svetost, stoji dalje u Pismu, da bismo, kada ne bi bilo knjiga, svi bili sirovi i ignoranti, bez ikakvog spomena na prošlost, bez ikakvog primjera… [...]

Feliksa Jarońskiego koncepcja filozofii a kultura przełomu XVIII i XIX w.

Author(s): Stanisław Janeczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

This paper analyses the philosophical programme of Feliks Jaroński, a professor of the Jagiellonian University, the programme he formulated in the first two decades of the nineteenth century. This is depicted against the backdrop of the transformations in the philosophical culture of the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, especially with regard to the impact of the Scottish philosophy of common sense, Kantianism, and traditionalism. The latter approach broke down the minimalistic and secularist tendencies of the Enlightenment. The present paper addresses the current interpretations and formulates its own position by linking Jaroński’s attainment with a long tradition of philosophia recentiorum, a trend initiated in the 1750s, but remained still an academic standard in the beginning of the nineteenth century. It is constantly modified by assimilating the changing philosophical authorities. Despite its ecclectical character, it has preserved its maximalist aspirations (while retaining metaphysics) and openness to religion, or even to Christianism. Eventually, this paper has combined it with the standards of the philosophical and scientific culture of the origins of the twenty-first century, the culture that questions the standard character of naturalism founded on the ideal of scientific philosophy narrowly understood.

Francesco Petrarca - diskusijos apie pasaulio pradžią dalyvis?

Author(s): Rūta Marija Vabalaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39/2004

This article deals with the philosophical thought of Francesco Petrarca, the Italian humanist, poet and scholar. He is the first great representative of Renaissance humanism, but it is not easy to find original ideas in his philosophy. An important thought (not typical for the Renaissance) is on the weak possibilities of human cognition. One of the themes of Petrarca’s treatise “On His Own and Many Other People’s Ignorance is the problem of the beginning of the world and time. All the arguments that are presented by Petrarca one can find in Plato’s Timaeus, Cicero’s treatise “On the Nature of Gods” and Augustine’s “The City of God”. Petrarca accepts Cicero’s opinion that the world had a temporal beginning, only God is eternal. So he meets the problem of time when there was no time. There is no investigation of the problem in Petrarca’s treatise, but there is a reference to Augustine’s opinion on it. Augustine shows that the proposition about the creation of time by God implies the proposition that there was a time before time. One cannot think of time co-eternal with its Creator as well. Those propositions are incompatible. Petrarca gives no last answer to the questions, but presents us with the possibility to inquire into the problem.

Ghiberti ir Alberti įnašas į Vakarų renesanso menotyros idėjų istoriją

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 37/2004

The article investigates the works of Cennino Cennini, Filippo Villani, and Leon Battista Alberti as initiators of Italian Renaissance art history. They were the first to investigate speculative problems of art against the background of art history. In their critical works on ancient, medieval and Renaissance art, the principles of a historical approach to art can be traced. They also introduced into art criticism and history the art of ancient Greece and Rome, and assessed critically new trends in the development of art commenced in the 13th century.