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Filozofija i tehnika - dva različita svjetonazora u spoznaji životnog svijeta

Author(s): Marijan Krivak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2003

Philosophy and technology have always been interconnected in the framework of life-world. While in ancient Greece, philosophia (as love towards wisdom) and techne (as a technique of making either artistic or handy artefacts) were close by their world-views, this interconnection was getting lost through the history of mankind. Nowadays, in the age of developed communicative and other technologies, the philosophy represents still the traditional way of knowing and interpreting world (best example is in hermeneutics), whereas technology represents knowledge and identity according towards a purely pragmatic foundation of spreading quick and easily accessible information. Philosophy still wants to find a place for 'humanism'. Technology is concerned with functioning and performability of a system. Philosophy - just as a theoretical basis of the tradition of what was best in the history of mankind and with help of sophisticated new technologies - should, nowadays, be a technique of 'good (and more humane) living'.

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O pojmu hrvatske filozofije

Author(s): Ljudevit Fran Ježić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/141/2016

Im Aufsatz wird von Neuem versucht, zu verdeutlichen, warum der Begriff der kroatischen Philosophie zwar umstritten sein mag, in welchem Sinn er das jedoch nicht ist. Er kann nämlich nicht rein philosophisch begründet werden, weil es für die Philosophie unwesentlich ist, welchem Volk oder Nation jemand angehört, und allein wesentlich ist, dass und wie er philosophiert. Deshalb sind Begriffe wie französiche oder deutsche Philosophie in gleichem Masse umstritten wie der Begriff der kroatischen Philosophie. Aufgrund der Unterscheidung zwischen den Ebenen der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit dem philosophischen Erbe – die mit der Arbeit der antiken Biographen, Doxographen, Ausleger der philosophischen Systeme (αἱρέσεις) und Verfasser der Geschichte der philosophischen Lehrer-Schüler-Linien (διαδοχαί) zu vergleichen ist – auf der einen Seite, und dem Philosophieren selbst auf der anderen Seite, können wir unseren Begriffen von „nationalen Philosophien“ eine angemessene Stellung innerhalb der kulturgeschichtlichen Studien zuweisen, zu denen auch die nationalen Literatur- oder Kunstgeschichte gehört. Endlich wird vom Gesichtspunkt der vielschichtigen und vielsprachigen kroatischen Kultur klar, warum die kroatischen Philosophen in lateinischer Sprache, sowie die neueren philosophischen Autoren in kroatischer Sprache, dem Begriff der kroatischen Philosophie oder (nach dem damals üblichen humanistichen Gebrauch) „philosophiae Illyricae“ angehören.

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Problem troleja i vrijednost intuicija kao dokaza

Author(s): Linda Maraš Krapić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/141/2016

In this article, I will discuss a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”, developed for the purpose of finding an answer to whether the idea of saving five people by sacrificing one innocent person can be justified. Is it possible that current research in neuroscience can shape our moral preferences? Can this view be justified outside the utilitarian theoretical conception? Considering the role of intuitive moral judgement in the context of this issue, we can say that intuitions can be thought of as being regulatory principles for achieving a coherence between deliberative moral judgements and general principles, i.e. reflective equilibrium, even though they cannot serve as empirical evidence in science. I conclude this essay with a basic idea that there is no moral justification for killing an innocent human being.

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Podrijetlo vrijednosti: Machiavelli versus Kant (i obratno)

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Podrijetlo vrijednosti: Machiavelli versus Kant (i obratno)

Author(s): Ivan Milenković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Već na prvoj stranici svog remek-djela o Nietzscheu Gilles Deleuze ubada Kanta tamo gdje se čini da je ovaj najtvrđi: Kant ≫nije proveo istinsku kritiku, jer problem nije znao postaviti u terminima vrijednosti≪. Drugim riječima, Kant nije postavio pitanje vrijednosti samih vrijednosti.

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Antropotehnika i filozofski smijeh

Author(s): Željko Senković,Darija Prahin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Da bismo govorili o ≫kraju povijesti≪ potrebno je biti u hegelijanskoj dispoziciji, primjerice razrađenoj od Alexandrea Kojevea. Teorija kraja povijesti ima u sebi mnogo toga sugestivnog, kakve su već sve megalomanske teme. U osno vi, riječ je o tezi da su moderna društva došla na takvu razinu da više ne ma bitnih inovacija, nego je još samo moguće perfektuiranje u za danim gabaritima.

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Ernst Bloch i Walter Benjamin

Author(s): Arno Münster / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2016

Na prvi se pogled čini da su intelektualne, literarne i filozofske biografije Waltera Benjamina i Ernsta Blocha obilježene velikim brojem zajedničkih točaka. Podrijetlom iz obiteljske i kulturne sredine snažno obilježene asimilacijom, što svoj vrhunac dostiže u Njemačkoj, početkom 20. stoljeća, intelektualno formirani tradicijama njemačkog sveučilišta, na kojemu, između 1890. i 1914., vladaju [neo]kantovstvo1 i vitalistička filozofija, privučeni mistično-revolucionarno-utopijskim strujama što se iz Rusije Dostojevskog šire prema središnjoj Europi; privučeni njemačkim romantizmom isto koliko i židovskom mistikom; fascinirani projektom nove estetike, elaborira ne u obzorju jedne filozofije povijesti, obojica, prošavši kroz pred-marksističku fazu, ko ja kod Ernsta Blocha završava 1918./1919. godine, a kod Waltera Benjamina 1924. godine5, evoluiraju u smjeru marksizma.

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Slavojaus Žižeko absoliuti atatranka, arba egzistencija tarp pertekliaus ir stokos

Author(s): Valdas Bertašavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 10/2015

Review of: Slavoj Žižek, Absolute Recoil: Towards a New Foundation of Dialectical Materialism, Verso Books, 448 p.

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Filozofija religije u sistemu slobode

Author(s): Branko Despot / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 07/1996

Svi nesporazumi na razini filozofijske "interpretacije", recepcije, sljedbeništva, pa onda i kritike "Hegela", a ne samo filozofijski, nego i prije svega i puko politički nesporazumi oko "Hegela", imaju svoje pravo porijeklo u filozofiji religije. Nije slučajno da se neposredno "Hegelova škola", kako je David Friedrich Straus to označio, u nespretnoj jednoj usporedbi, raspala na lijevo, desno i na centar - ali s obzirom na pitanja koja pogađaju filozofiju religije. Iz toga onda i radikalna kritika, s najpoznatijim stavom da je "kritika religije pretpostavka sve kritike". Takova jednostavna riječ točno signalizira duhovnu situaciju u kojoj se kreće čitav odnos spram Hegela i samo je vanjski znak, ne samo tzv. sloma "Nj. klas. id.", nego i početka kraja i nizbrdice filozofije u XIX i XX stoljeću.

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ARISTOTLE – KANT CANON

Author(s): Mihai D. Vasile / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

There is much talk about “Plato-Kant canon”, but it is no less legitimate discourse about the “canon of Aristotle-Kant”. This communication aims to support the thesis about “Aristotle-Kant canon” with arguments from Aristotle’s work influences history on European metaphysics.

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Etikoteologjia e Kantit

Author(s): Lekë Nikollbibaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 17/2019

This article treats Immanuel Kant’s ethicotheological aspects, specifically relationship between morality and faith. Kant establishes his ethics upon autonomic principles, but according to him, those autonomic and universal principles lead us to the idea of God as ‘the highest good’. The tendencies to make a connection between morality and faith seem not naturally, but he justifies this by postulating the idea of God as a necessary idea to give a sense to the morality.

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ALTERITÄT, FAKTIZITÄT UND STIFTUNG DER ENDLICHEN FREIHEIT BEI LEVINAS. EIN VERGLEICH MIT FICHTE

Author(s): GIULIO MARCHEGIANI / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

Starting with the emphasis that Levinas puts on the role of otherness in the constitution of subjective dimension, this paper discusses how the articulation of this process and the consequences that derive from it recall specifically Fichtean themes. Although the relation between Levinas and Fichte has not been thoroughly examined in the literature yet, it can nevertheless be shown that themes such as the “call” of the subject from the outside, from the unattainable dimension of an otherness irreducible to any immanence and the factual and finite character of its correlative freedom can be understood by reference to the categories that Fichte develops in his texts on law and morals. The reference to Fichte, who already in his considerations on the Wissenschaftslehre recognizes an external Ansto. as determining the reality of the subject, will allows to elucidate the fundamental structure of Levinas’ thought. Particular attention is paid in Levinas to the belonging of otherness to an immemorial past, which in the impossibility of being traced back to the presence of consciousness finds the guarantee of its radical transcendence. Thus, another temporal (or rather, extra-temporal) dimension is configured which also in Fichte refers to an “exteriority” that cannot be assumed by the subject, but only ascertained a posteriori, hence its factual character. Through an interpretation of the fundamental meaning that the primacy of otherness over sameness has in Levinas and the attempt to reflect this relationship through the reference to similar Fichtean motifs, it becomes clearer that the basic meaning of a radical thought of otherness does not cancel the sameness of subject, but on the contrary allows to found it by connecting it to its constitutive, unavoidable heteronomy.

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Hegel and Postmodernity: Towards In-Finitude

Author(s): Bara Kolenc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article delves into the multifaceted interplay between Hegel and postmodernity, as well as between postmodernity and the contemporary era. Both perspectives grapple with the notion of modernity, intricately tied to considerations of history, the idea of ending, and the concept of historical breaks. Deriving an analysis of the leading ideas of modernity and postmodernity, focusing especially on their relation to Hegel’s philosophy, we propose the thesis that postmodernity is not an epoch that succeeded modernity, but rather a transitional phase contributing to the decline of modernity itself. The contours of this new epoch, as yet indefinable or explicable, are revealed through significant shifts that have recently unsettled the fundamental frameworks upon which modernity was constructed. In doing so, we show that Hegel, who is certainly not a postmodernist, points to precisely the mechanism through which modernity can be transcended, which concerns human relation to substance, being, and time. Moreover, as it entails a revised human engagement with finitude and infinity, we term this relation “In-Finitude”, or “Un-Endlichkeit”.

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Peoples, Nations and Social Heterogeneity. From Hegel to Laclau and Back

Author(s): Manuel Tangorra / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Ernesto Laclau’s work, On Populist Reason, is a crucial landmark in the attempts of post-modern political philosophy to grasp the logic of contingency at work in the production of political subjects. However, in recent years, this post-foundationalist approach seems to have reached an impasse when confronted with the persistence, success and efficacy of certain poles of identification that seem to resist the idea of a radical contingency of collective engagements. I argue that a new dialogue between the Hegelian philosophy of history and Laclau’s post-foundationalism can be fruitful in overcoming this stalemate. Rather than reigniting the debate surrounding historicism, Laclau’s evocation of the notion of peoples without history allows for an exploration of the radical heterogeneity implied in the situational, somatic, and affective rootedness of the formation of historical identities. I ground this hypothesis in a detailed examining of Hegel’s own take on the a-historical spiritual formations and on the difference he makes between the “people”, as institutionalized collective consciousness and the “nation” as its situated genesis. I claim that this Hegelian dialectic approach to nationhood far from does not limit the political horizons to the “nationalist” or “nativist” rhetoric. Instead, it offers a new light on the challenges of post-foundationalist approaches when it comes to understanding the concreteness of political subjectivation.

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After Hegel: A Postmodern Genealogy of Historical Fiction

Author(s): Angelo Narváez León,Fernanda Medina Badilla / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In this article, we analyze a possible form of the relationship between modernity and postmodernity by examining the transformation of the place of enunciation of criticism as a philosophical narrative and using it as a historical and philosophical criterion. To achieve this, we first focus on key moments in the critical discourse of modernity, and then analyze the role of Kantian criticism in the formation of a postmodern imaginary associated with the notions of useful fiction and linguistification. Finally, from a Hegelian perspective, we consider the validity of the idea of universal history and its connections to emancipatory narratives.

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Comentariu la „Tratat de ontologie” de Constantin Noica. „Cuvântul înainte” la „Devenirea întru ființă” și „Introducerea” Tratatului

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 3/2024

Inițiem aici un comentariu, paragraf cu paragraf, al celei mai importante opere filosofice românești din secolul al XX-lea și, poate, din toate timpurile. Este vorba despre Tratat de ontologie, vol. II al „Devenirii întru ființă” de Constantin Noica.

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The Aesthetic Intelligibility of Artefacts: Schelling’s Concept of Art in the System of Transcendental Idealism

Author(s): Giacomo Croci / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article reassesses Schelling’s philosophy of art in the System of Transcendental Idealism, focusing on its practical philosophy and the concept of the artefact. Often unexplored, this perspective offers a new account of Schelling’s early aesthetics, linking aesthetic experience to historical becoming. The discussion begins with an analysis of Schelling’s theory of intentional action, followed by a reconstruction of his understanding of artefact. It argues that Schelling integrates both social and material dimensions into his concept of artefacts. The paper then examines Schelling’s comparison between artefacts in general and works of art, asserting that aesthetic experience in the context of the System exemplifies ‘hermeneutic obstinacy’. This characteristic, typical of works of art, correlates with the open nature of historical reality.

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The Empire Never Ended: Hegel, Postmodernism and Comedy

Author(s): Iñigo Baca Bordons / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This paper argues that Hegel’s account of modernity is already an account of postmodernity, according to Fredric Jameson’s definition of the cultural logic of globalized capitalism. First, Hegel’s account of the problematic of modernity will be sought in the Phenomenology of Spirit by considering the constellation of Athens, Rome and Christianity along with Hegel’s contrast between tragedy and comedy in the “Religion” chapter, in order to present a philosophical account of a concrete problem connecting social, political and economic structures with their own self-representations. The core problematic will become instantiated in the legal figure of the “person” and the social world-structure of “empire”, associated with both Roman legality and comedy. It will be argued that Hegel’s socio-historical relevance today hinges on drawing a connection between Jameson’s periodization of Realism-Modernism-Postmodernism and Hegel’s aesthetic cultural categories of Epic-Tragedy-Comedy, and not Greece-Rome- Christianity. On this basis, the Phenomenology of Spirit stands as Hegel’s own “cognitive map”, for which comedy designates a problematic extreme of a social regime of representation commensurate with the contemporary cultural logic of late and imperial capitalism.

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Countering Postmodern Genealogies: Brandom, Hegel and the Logic of Self-Determination

Author(s): Timo Ennen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In his recent A Spirit of Trust, Robert Brandom interprets Hegel as proposing a conception of normativity that overcomes the shortcomings of both modernity and its critics. Brandom’s Hegel asks for a “hermeneutics of magnanimity”, in opposition to what Paul Ricœur labelled the “hermeneutics of suspicion”. According to Brandom, “great unmaskers” of modern normativity like Nietzsche or Foucault make use of the delegitimizing force that characterizes genealogical explanation. Their suspicion is that what is thought to be normative is conditioned by contingencies that undermine that very normativity. In this paper, while raising objections against Brandom’s reading, I want to hold on to his idea that Hegelian philosophy counters those subversive postmodern genealogies. Instead of focusing, as Brandom does, on the end of the “Spirit” chapter in Hegel’s Phenomenology, I draw on Hegel’s logic of self-determination. Contrary to the “great unmaskers”, for Hegel, explanation of something through reference to some external or contingent factor is parasitic on explanation that explains something through itself.

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BEING AND THOUGHT IN HEGEL’S SCIENCE OF LOGIC: FROM TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM TO HEGEL’S METAPHYSICS

Author(s): Sebastian Pavalache / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this article is to produce a portrait of the relationship between being and thought in Hegel's Science of Logic, in conjunction with understanding this relationship as a necessary key in order to frame its ambitions as either transcendental or ontological in scope. In a transcendental thesis, the categories are determinative functions of the form of self-consciousness as thought, while in the latter they are forms of thought but also of being. Our thesis assumes the fact that the first movement of the system is not the dialectical movement of being into nothingness and vice versa as becoming, but rather a transcendental deduction contained within the privileged relationship between logic and ontology without which the system cannot move as a metaphysical deduction. We have also found fecund to our endeavor the framing of the earlier mentioned problem in the larger history of German idealism, especially Kant, proposing a destructuring of the portrait of the identity of being and thought as it appears in the critical system around three main actors: the-thing-in-itself, the categories and their deduction.

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HEGELIANISM PRAGMATIC: ANGAJAMENT, LEGĂMÂNT ȘI RĂSPUNDERE

Author(s): Victor Dogaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

In this article, I will argue against the so-called anti-philosophical realism, by opposing it the metaphysical bedrock of Hegel's idealism, namely the primitive of absolute negativity, a central concept in Hegel's work. By acknowledging, enlarging and exploring firstly the normative pragmatics and the modally-enriched empiricism of Robert Brandom, then, secondly, the active comportment of self-relating thought as a description of doing in Cirulli's work and, thirdly and equally important, the interaction method as a link between semantics and syntax in Negarestani, I formulate an argument so as to envision the intertwining between thought and praxis. The key-concepts of commitment, endorsement, and responsibility are the constellation of ideas through which we can encompass what Hegel meant by affirming the truth of absolute knowledge, namely the fact that experience is simultaneously actual and objective, and the only absolute "object" is precisely the concept of subjective rationality. The revised fusion between ideas and actions means conceptually revised praxis and practically validated ideas, an occasion of continuous bi-directional determination and reciprocal integration of the two terms, or an asymptotic fusion which constitutes rational beings as implacable seekers of rational elaborations.

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