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Libertate și necesitate la Kant, Hegel și Marx

Author(s): Emanuel COPILAȘ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2016

The problem of liberty is one of the most important topics that modernity had struggled with. This essay follows the limits of liberty as they were theorised by three of the most important philosophers of the 18th and 19th centuries: Kant, Hegel and Marx. Based on their philosophies, I aim to prove that liberty is to be understood contextually, meaning that its relation with necessity varies regarding time and place but, on the whole, Hegel’s approach to the matter is the most balanced and trustworthy, even if Kant and Marx ofered their own valuable insights and critics to the problem of modern freedom.

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Marksizam, estetika, umetnost

Author(s): Milan Damnjanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 292-293/1983

Ne govorimo o gotovom učenju, o nauci ili filozofiji, ne govorimo o jednoj formulisanoj teoriji, već naziv »estetika« u ovom sklopu označava samo mogućnost mišljenja oko čijeg se ostvarenja tek moramo pobrinuti, u poduhvatu čiji je ishod neizvesan, i to ne naprosto kao i svaki drugi Ijudski poduhvat, već načelno, u skladu sa istoričnim (povesnim) načinom mišljenja koji prevashodno karakteriše marksizam. Otuda otvorene mogućnosti marksističke estetike odgovaraju otvorenom marksističkom načinu mišljenja, istoričnom načinu našeg opstanka i prirodi same umetnosti kao stvaralačke delatnosti.

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Pisanie o pracy akademickiej

Author(s): Joss Winn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2015

This essay calls for a return to the labour theory of Marx, or rather to Marx’s negative critique of labour and its “pivotal” role in comprehending the political economy of higher education. It argues that a critique of capitalism and its apparent complexity must be undertaken through an immanent critique of labour, rather than from the standpoint of labour as has been the case in both Marxist and non-Marxist traditions of labour studies. Through a review of exemplar articles on ‘academic labour’, the essay draws attention to the fundamental importance of employing Marx’s method of abstraction so as to understand the concrete social world of capital. Finally, it proposes that the future of academic labour is to be found in its negation and overcoming rather than in efforts to resist the ‘logic’ of valorisation.

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Occupy: nowa pedagogika przestrzeni i czasu?

Author(s): Sarah Amsler,Mike Neary / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2015

This paper forms the first part of a project of inquiry to understand the theoretical and practical potentials of Occupy through the recent wave of occupations that have emerged in response to the politics of austerity and precarity around the world. We do this as educators who are seeking to ‘occupy’ spaces of higher education inside and outside of the institutions in which we work. Occupy points to the centrality of space and time as practical concepts through which it is possible to reconfigure revolutionary activity. By dealing with the concept (Occupy) at this fundamental level of space and time through a critical engagement with Henri Lefebvre’s notion of ‘a new pedagogy of space and time’, we hope to open spaces for further revolutionary transformation by extending a critique of the politics of space and time into the institutions and idea of education itself. Lefebvre considers the ‘pedagogy of space and time’ as a basis for a new form of ‘counter-space’. He suggests that ‘deviant or diverted spaces, though initially subordinate, show distinct evidence of a true productive capacity’ (2008: 383), and in doing so reveal the breaking points of everyday life and the ways in which it might be appropriated as exuberant spaces full of enjoyment and hope. In the Production of Space, he identifies the space of leisure as a site within which such a resistance might be contemplated and activated. In our work we replace the principle of leisure with the concept of Occupy. We consider here how attempts to occupy the university curriculum, not as a programme of education but as the production of critical knowledge, may also constitute ‘a new pedagogy of space and time’. We will describe this occupation of higher education with reference to two projects with which we are involved Student as Producer and the Social Science Centre, the former at the University of Lincoln, and the latter across the city of Lincoln.

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WIE ICH AUS DER MINDERJÄHRIGKEIT DES MARXISMUS MIT DER HILFE DER PHÄNOMENOLOGIE HERAUSWUCHS?

Author(s): Mihály Vajda / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2016

In this paper the author reflects on the phenomenological motives in his departure from the Marxism of Georg Lukács in the Hungary of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He first encountered phenomenology at the university during the classes of Ágnes Heller, another future dissident of Marxism, which led him to study the Logical Investigations when he became a research assistant at the Institute of Philosophy of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1961. Following in the footsteps of other readers of Husserl’s opus magnum, the author was confronted by Husserl’s manifest Platonism in the first and equally manifest psychologism in the second volume of the same work. This apparent contradiction between a temporal objectivities and their life-world origins led him to the phenomenology of Max Scheler, to whom the author dedicated the fourth chapter of his second monograph on Husserl published in 1969.The thinker who radically overcame Husserl was, for the author, Martin Heidegger. Modern scholarship has meanwhile convinced him of the fundamental differences between these two phenomenologists, but one lesson remains: Phenomenology is characterized by evidence that originates from seeing, rather than mere words and argumentations.

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Ištvermés Strategijos

Author(s): Krescentius-Antanas Stoškus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 57/2008

It presents the author’s intellectual autobiography, related to the political marginalization the conditions which are dictated by the historical destiny of the people. Individual life experience, the author has totalitarian state and independent Lithuania, to solve the crushing of the authoritarian personality of autonomy and dignity must be a constant critical attitude. A critical posture is necessary to ensure the personal autonomy and dignity. Both of these processes are supported by personal allegiance to himself and alienation to repressive system.

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Antonio Gramsci’nin Kuramında Faşizm Çözümlemeleri

Author(s): Demirhan Fahri Erdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2015

Antonio Gramsci, having an important place in Marxist thought tradition, made theoretically original and important contributions to the fascism analysis. In this context, Gramsci analyzed the conjuncture, ensuring the development of fascism as a movement and then its accession to power, in Italian political life after the First World War in political and class contexts and also pointed out the crucial role of petit bourgeoisie during that period. Moreover, he made some predicts about the fascist up period in Italy in line with his analyses. According to the dialectical method he used, while he was analyzing the development of fascism in Italy, he competently presented the dichotomies imposed to the society by the Italian capitalism, being in a crisis, dichotomies emerged from the different tendencies in the fascist movement and also the dichotomies arising from the difference of opinion between the communists in their struggle against fascism. The fascism analyses of Gramsci, whose thoughts on fascism maintain their importance even today, are examined in this study.

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Powtórzenie jako mechanizm oddziaływania ideologicznego

Author(s): Grzegorz Wyczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

According to the main thesis of this article, repetition in one of the main mechanisms of ideological influence. Thanks to that circular motion, the ideological images can be effectively instilled into people’s bodies and minds. Because of the phenomenon of totalization, ideology is melting into different spheres of social life (it cease to be the case of philosophy alone) and throughout another repetitions its impact is strengthened. Thanks to this, the whole process is functioning outside the consciousness of the subject. The reconstruction of described phenomenon is based on the theories of the four thinkers linked to the marxist/post-marxist tradition.

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MARKS JAKO FAŁSZERZ TRADYCJI SOCJALISTYCZNEJ. DIAGNOZA GIEORGIJA FIEDOTOWA

Author(s): Sławomir Mazurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2018

The author tries to demonstrate that Georgii Fedotov, who at first sight seems to be not very interested in the philosophy of Marx, was an insightful and very severe critic of marxism. In order to prove it he explains what part the criticism of marxism plays in his philosophy of history. According to Fedotov the only way to overcome the crisis of civilization is reconciling of liberalism, socialism and Christianity. Such a reconciliation is quite possible because liberalism is compatible with Christianity while socialism has Christian sources as it was demonstrated in the course of ecclesial history and in the history of socialism whose founders (Leroux, Lammenais, George Sand and others) proposed an ideology with a strong religious bias. The materialistic and atheistic marxism, however, cut the ties between Christianity and socialism; thus it constitutes one of the major obstacles to reconcile the three traditions and overcome the crisis.

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Održivost teze o Marxovoj etici

Author(s): Anita Lunić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

Can we talk about Marx’s ethics? There are several answers. A strong affirmative answer is that his whole theory is ethics (and it requires detecting its normative skeleton). A weak affirmative answer is that we can find some ethically relevant parts of Marx’s theory, esp. in concepts of freedom, justice, and equality. On the other hand, a weak negative answer is that Marx neglects ethics, but his theory can be supplemented with one, for example, Kantian. Finally, a strong negative answer is that ethics within the framework of his philosophy is not even possible. The aim of this paper is to outline discussion about those positions and to show the range of possible interpretations of Marx’s theory.

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Ka bogu kondicionala

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2015

Prvi paradoks materijalističke kritike religije u tomu je što je katkad daleko suberzivnije religiju potkopati iznutra, prihvatiti njenu osnovnu premisu pa potom iznijeti njene neočekivane posljedice, nego u potpunosti negirati postojanje boga.

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Istina i umjetnost filozofije

Author(s): Abdulah Šarčević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2015

Odlazak filozofa Danka Grlića, kolege i prijatelja od onih dalekih i davnih dana studija (1948. -1952.), jest svojevrsni izazov da razmišljamo o tome kako jedno misaono dostignuće, jedna nepotkupljiva volja za istinom, za otkrivanjem bijede i reda stvari i reda ideja, jedan jezik koji nije samo lijepa umjetnost riječi, samopredanost lijepom izrazu, konačno postaje djelo. Stječe oblik, u biti završni, misao o njemu je neumitno osvrt - osvrt na darove jednog čovjeka koji je, srećom, mogao ono što je zaista htio, i htio ono što je mogao: misliti. A misliti je oduvijek značilo doprijeti u samu sredinu svijeta i bića čovjekovog, ponad unutarnjih i vanjskih bedema prakse života, ponad onoga što je utonulo u tminu duše i tijela, u ljudsku pometenost, u prezrenost i samoopreznost.

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Moderna epoha i granične mogućnosti anarhističke doktrine

Author(s): Fuad Muhić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/1980

Ako je XIX stoljeće s razlogom bilo nazvano »vijekom velikih ali i tragičnih doktrina« od kojih je samo marksizam doživjeo kasniju realizaciju (mada počesto s krajnje neizvjesnom dilemom — da li je ona doista bila »izvorno marksistička«), tada se patos tragike može najprije pripisati anarhizmu i njegovoj kasnijoj sudbini. Njegovim ideolozima kao da ništa nije polazilo za rukom.

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Socijalna revolucija

Author(s): Karl Kautsky / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/1977

Malo je pojmova koji su lako sporni kao pojam revolucije. To se može djelomično pripisati okolnosti da se nijedan pojam ne protivi tako postojećim interesima i predrasudama kao ovaj, ali djelomično i okolnosti da je malo tako mnogoznačnih pojmova kao što je on.

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Spoznaja i odgovornost u svjetlu nove metodologije

Author(s): Heda Festini / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/1972

Ako se za ishodište analize problematike spoznaje prihvati filozofija novog racionalizma, onda ulaze u razmatranje samo neke intrepretacije, utemeljene u misaonim dimenzijama ontologije, gnoseologije i metodologije. Naslov sugerira preferenciju razine nove metodologije kao konzekvenciju izbora novog racionalizma za izvornu pretpostavku cjelokupne interpretacije.

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Ljudski svijet demokracije (Karl Marx)

Author(s): Nerkez Smailagić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1967

L'auteur s'est proposé la tâche d'exposer ta pensée politique de Karl Marx à l'intérieur de l'ensemble de sa doctrine.L'interprétation est divisée en deux parties fondamentales: partie critique et partie positive

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Aporije i baština na trobojnici: sloboda, jednakost i bratstvo (Odlomak iz "Naturrecht und menschliche Würde")

Author(s): Ernst Bloch / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01-02/1966

Svoju bit svatko je dobio sa sobom, iz nje ne može van. Čovjek se nalazi u svojoj koži osjećao se on u njoj dobro ili ne. Kako bilo da bilo, to je njegova vlastita koža; unutar ta četiri zida, ako se tako dade reći, on je privatan.

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Uticaj Hegelove filozofije umetnosti na razvoj savremene estetike

Author(s): Marica Rajković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 30/2018

In the first part of the text the author examines the critical interpretations of Hegel's philosophy of art and the validity of the arguments that consider it to be outdated. In the second part of the text, the scale of Hegel's impact on several selected movements in contemporary aesthetics is examined. The text as a whole represents an attempt to shed light on direct and indirect effects that Hegel's philosophy of art performs on aesthetics in an epoch that occurs after his time. The conclusion of this study shows that Hegel's indirect influence is much stronger than direct one and that it still continues, with undiminished intensity.

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OSVRTI I PRIKAZI

Author(s): Veselin Đurđevac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/1974

Review of: Veselin ĐURĐEVAC - »MARKSISTIČKA MISAO I GRAD« Henri LEFEBVRE, Casterman, mart, 1972, Pariz

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O znanju

Author(s): Sejjid Muhammed Bakir Es-Sadr / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

Donosimo sedmo poglavlje knjige Naša filozofija od cijenjenog filozofa Sejjida Muhammeda Bakira Es-Sadra a koju je objavila Fondacija “Baština duhovnosti” 2013. godine. Kao što je urednik knjige i rekao u njenom uvodu ovo djelo je nastalo kao potreba vremena u kojem je živo autor i nastojanju da se ponudi dostatan odgovor na tada sve jaču propagandu i uticaj koje je marksističko učenje ostavljalo na naučne krugove i mladež. Iako su povodi pisanja ove knjige bili definisani svojim vremenom odnosno ideologijom koja danas predstavlja historiju ali univerzalnost tema kojima se ona bavi prevazili svoje vrijeme.Kroz historiji ljudske misli dva osnova filozofska toka su kroz razne oblike bili sučeljeni. To je učenje po kojem je cjelokupna zbilja ograničena na materiju i ono učenje koje dokazuje postojanje i viših nematerijalnih zbilja od kojih je i znanje.Najvažnije filozofsko pitanje u vezi sa znanjem jeste pitanje oblikovanja znanja u takvu filozofsku formu koja će otkriti njegovu zbilju i suštinu i pokazati da li se radi o materijalnom fenomenu prisutnom u materiji kada ona dosegne određenu razinu razvoja, usavršavanja i upotpunjenja, kako to tvrde materijalisti, ili se, pak, radi o fenomenu koji je lišen svake materijalnosti i, skupa sa svojim manifestacijama, podržan određenom vrstom egzistencije, kako ga se filozofski shvata u metafizici. Budući da je marksizam po svojoj prirodi materijalistička škola, on, naravno, naglašava materijalističku sliku o mislima i znanju.

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