Die Ökologie der Person – Kantische Motive des Personbegriffs in Karol Wojtyłas “Person und Tat”

Author(s): Zbigniew Waleszczuk / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2012

Apart from many legitimate concerns about ecology, the most important contemporary concern should be of anthropological nature and must address the human as a person (Benedikt XVI). What is man? Are human beings free? What should human beings do? These Kantian questions also describe the main starting points of Karol Wojtyła’s philosophy in “The Acting Person”. With regard to the importance of the question (ecology of man) our challenge is divided into three parts. Firstly, man is a person; secondly, his call is to liberty and lastly, responsible love is an emanation of personal dignity. In this manner the three important points in Wojtyła’s philosophy (person, liberty, love) are well characterized. The essence of man is his personal dignity as a source for the possibility of free (responsible) decisions – “the act”. The experience of morality is included in the experience of being a person. Wojtyła poses the question “how do I understand who I am throughout my acts?” Like Kant, the author emphasizes the importance of free will, conscientiousness as an obligation, which speaks to the conscious person. I determine myself through my own decision (person´s actions). For Wojtyła, participation in love is the basis of all human personal experiences. “Only persons participate in love”. Participation in the character of the other becomes – in the language of Wojtyła – “the choice of the other person in myself”.

Religiosität als erwünschte Anregung in der Hermeneutik

Author(s): Janez Vodičar / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2011

Paul Ricoeur insists on some kind of philosophical agnosticism although in everyday practice he is consciously bound to Christianity. That said, his poetical approach in Biblical hermeneutics when he confronts his position with his no believing contemporaries, very clearly shows that religious dimension of man, especially in its openness to new meanings, makes the understanding more proli fi c. This opens the way for new attempts of repeated search for human need for religious dimension also at Luc Ferry and Gianni Vattimo. It is not necessary that there is a very certain form of religiosity; the important thing is openness for these questions. In this way we liberate the science, to seriously confront with religious dimension of man. This is especially important in a globalized world where religiosity on one hand can be a cause for the clash of civilizations and on the other it can be a possibility of a common search for a world ethos.

Pożądający winnicy. Agnostycyzm, ateizm i antyteizm w ocenie J. Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI

Author(s): Jerzy Szymik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

According to Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI , while considering all the differences involving the origin and forms of atheism, agnosticism and antitheism, their common denominator is lack of humbleness. Pride prevents people from encountering God who, in fact, might always be recognized.

Od paruzji do "paruzjologii", czyli eschatologiaw ujęciu Antoniego Nitroli

Author(s): Bogdan Kulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

Death has always brought forth the question about life after death. As the interesting history of eschatology shows , it is not easy to find one simple answer.

Trynitarny aspekt creation continua

Author(s): Piotr Liszka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The act of creation on the part of God is unique, but it has a trinitarian shape, since it is contained in the internal life of God. The act of creation is the action of Divine Persons. It culminated in the world, created living and non-living, material and non-material beings. From the perspective of world history the act of creation may be looked upon as an act of God that brought about the existence of the world and also as God’s ongoing effort aimed at sustaining the world in its existence and constant bringing about new beings. Creation in general, including creatio continua, has a trinitarian shape. It is an act of three Divine Persons, and especially an act of the Son of God, who as the only one of the Trinity, has the ability to embrace our human condition. This ability found its reflection in the Incarnation. Being both God and man, Christ is not only an acting subject but also a personified Coming into existence.

Sermons of Gavriil Buzhinskii

Author(s): Adam Drozdek / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2016

Buzhinskii was a well-educated, high-ranking ecclesiastic during the reign of Peter I. In his sermons, Buzhinskii devoted as much attention to the role of religion in personal life as to the nationalistic message presented in the religious context aimed primarily at the glorification of tsar Peter I. although his pastoral messages are mostly uncontroversial from spiritual standpoint, they are too often marred by nationalistic and political aspects.

ON THREE PHILOSOPHICAL PREMISES OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE

Author(s): Konrad Waloszczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

My contention is to adumbrate three general premises leading to religious tolerance.The first is that emphasis should be laid much more on ethics than on metaphysics.Religions greatly differ in supernatural beliefs but all advocate justice, love, truthfulness,self-control and other virtues. Second, the beliefs about God are not true in theirexact meaning, but rather as remote analogies to scientific truth. Religion is more resemblantof poetry than science. Third, real tolerance consists in the readiness to assimilatesome of the values of other religions, since no one has expressed the transcendent inan exhausting and perfect way.

EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED RELIGIOUS STUDIES FOR REDUCING RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE

Author(s): Marshall Steven Lewis / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

If we wish to increase peace in the world, we must reduce religious intolerance. Potentially,the way we learn about religion and conceive religion can be a strategy towardthis goal. How might we design and continually improve learning about religion if ourintention is specifically to reduce religious intolerance? This requires experimentation todetermine demonstrably effective solutions. In this paper, I briefly unpack the challengeat hand, describe an approach toward collaborative experimentation, and outline a set ofmutually-supporting hypotheses with which to design solutions.

HUMANIZING AND DIGNIFYING CULTURES: DIALOGUES WITH RELIGIOUS UTOPIAS

Author(s): Robin S. Seelan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Cultures can be divided into two kinds: exclusive and inclusive. Exclusive culturesare oppressed, vulnerable, and dehumanizing. Inclusive cultures are dignifying andhumanizing, and they move towards the ideals of egalitarianism, prosperity, justice, etc.Religion, as part of culture, plays influential roles in the formation and promotion ofideals. This promotion can be located in religious utopias, because almost all religionshold utopias as central to their ideals and chart their ideologies towards these. In thecontext of exclusion and inclusion, the poor, the oppressed, the marginalized, the vulnerableetc. need to be included into the main stream of social life and this requiresvalues such as liberation, justice, compassion, mercy, charity, etc. No authentic cultureis possible without the inclusion of the poor. The awakening of such inclusion is offeredby religious utopias. Hence dialogues between cultures and religious utopias and alsobetween various religious utopias are essential. This paper seeks to understand howreligious utopias can contribute to the dignifying and humanizing of cultures.

Zagadnienie stosunku rozumu i wiary w encyklice fides et ratio

Author(s): Zbigniew Orbik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The task posed by the author of the article is to analyze the problem of the relation of faith and reason in the Encyclical Fides et ratio. He analyzes the importance of the key terms, and indicates their place in the tradition of European philosophy. It does also, on the basis of the content of the papal document, some comments on the nature of the systematic comparison of natural knowledge to Revelation and the philosophy of the natural sciences.

Public Religion & Secular State: A Kantian Approach

Author(s): Mehmet Ruhi Demiray / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2017

This paper argues that Kant’s distinction between “civil union” (i.e., the state) and “ethical community” can be of great value in dealing with a problem that causes considerable trouble in contemporary political and social philosophy, namely the question of the normative significance and role of religion in political and social life. The first part dwells upon the third part of Kant`s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason with the intention of exposing the general features of ethical community. It highlights the fact that Kant considers publicity, and indeed public authority, to be constitutive of the ethical community. The second part discusses his argument that we have a unique ethical duty to enter into an ethical community. This discussion clarifies the constitutive purpose of ethical community and sets forth why Kant thought that the ethical community should have a religious form. The third part presents an account of the constitutive purpose of the state (i.e. the political-legal community) in light of the Doctrine of Right. Throughout these steps, as is concluded, the essentials of a model for the relations between law, ethics, and religion emerge, which shows the way in which both religious and secularist worries can be met on a principled basis.

The Philosophes’ Criticism of Religion and d’Holbach’s Non-Hedonistic Materialism

Author(s): Hasse Hämäläinen / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2017

Baron d’Holbach was a critic of established religion, or a philosophe, in late 18th-century France. His work is often perceived as less inventive than the work of other materialist philosophes, such as Helvétius and Diderot. However, I claim that d’Holbach makes an original, unjustly overlooked move in the criticism of religious moral teaching. According to the materialist philosophes, this teaching claims that true happiness is only possible in the afterlife. As an alternative, Helvétius and Diderot offer theories according to which the experience of pleasure constitutes happiness, the end of all human desire. In contemporary terms, these theories would represent psychological hedonism. But, as Diderot himself admits, they have a problem in accounting for why people seem to naturally regard some pleasures as preferable to others. I argue that in response to this challenge, instead of accepting the psychological hedonism of his fellow materialists, d’Holbach shows how one can abstain from reducing happiness to pleasure and yet remain a materialist.

Hume on Church Establishments, Secular Politics and History

Author(s): Aaron Szymkowiak / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2017

In the third volume of the History of England, David Hume considers the political ramifications of the Protestant reformation with a “Digression concerning the ecclesiastical state.” He advocates the establishment of a state church, believing it will dampen religious “enthusiasm” in the polity. Unlike later secularization theorists, Hume assumes an intractable basis for religion in the human passions. Tensions in Hume’s “cooptation” strategy are evident from Adam Smith’s famous attack upon it in section five of The Wealth of Nations, and in Hume’s own treatment of seventeenth century independency in the fifth volume of the History. Smith argues that public competition among sects facilitates political moderation. In History V Hume stresses the positive role of enthusiasm in fostering civil liberty. This article traces Hume’s indecision to his “external” mode of moral and historical analysis, arguing that a secular policy on religion cannot proceed fruitfully without engaging the theological particulars of the religions at issue.

Interview with Serguei Grib By Philip Clayton for The Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences

Author(s): Philip Clayton,Sergey A. Grib / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2014

Interview with Serguei Grib By Philip Clayton for The Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences

Krytyczna rekonstrukcja głównych založen analitycznej teologii naturalnej j. Hicka

Author(s): Jerzy Tupikowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

A synthetic depiction of John Hick’s philosophical reflections proves that in his research the religion-oriented theodicy issues соrе to the fore. The natural theology, or rather the philosophy of religion, proposed by him aims at (1) questioning the conclusivity of any attempts at supporting arguments for the existence of God (the cosmological or the ontological arguments). Не claims that the measures taken in those arguments by no means stand up any logical criticism. On the other hand (2), John Hick puts forward an original proposal of an argument named as “eschatological verification”. This way of constructing arguments particularly appeals to him as he is immune to allegations against the inconsequence of metaphysical conclusions. He bases it on the intuition of logical consistency, though on the horizon of the very religious faith. Therefore, the “eschatological verification” formulated by the author of The fifth dimension and his highly controversial theory of “religious relativistic pluralism” boils down to an a priori quasi-religious concept of the world, a concept that cannot be subjected to any rational (logical) verification. His proposal only results from the projected coherence of religious ехрегіепсе.

Czy potrzebujemy kwantowej teologii?

Author(s): Łukasz Michoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Celem artykułu jest próba sformułowania pozytywnej odpowiedzi na następujące py-tanie: czy potrzebujemy kwantowej teologii? Dlatego też na samym początku zaprezen-towano możliwe strategie badawcze dotyczące relacji nauki wiary. Następnie ukazano próby sformułowania definicji kwantowej teologii. W ostatniej części na przykładach teologicznych, zobrazowano możliwe zadania. Wśród zagadnień teologicznych wymienia się: antropologię, protologię, Wcielenie, Zmartwychwstanie oraz eschatologię.

Philosophical Way to God’s Wisdom: Arithmetic and the Defi nitions of a Number in Early Medieval Texts

Author(s): Marek Otisk / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2017

The paper deals with early medieval mathematics (mainly arithmetic) and presents mathematical knowledge as an important tool for human way to God’s wisdom. The aim of this paper is focused on the definitions of the subject of arithmetic in early medieval texts created between the late 4th and early 7th century. The aim is to highlight the fact that the traditional definitions of a number (i.e., the subject of arithmetic) correspond with the appropriate topics which exist within arithmetic. If a number is characterised as a discrete quantity, it reflects the classification and typological surveys of the mathematical properties of numbers. If a number is defined as a collection of units, this definition refers to the issue of figural numbers, whereas if the number is marked as the quantity that emerges and then returns to the unit, it is possible to detect the themes of numerical sequences and ratios, including their transfers.

DANAŠNJEM ČOVJEKU GOVORITI O BOGU

Author(s): Slavko PLATZ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1994

Die Situation, in welcher der religios-glaubende Mensch von heute (auch innerkirchlich) steht, ist bestimmt durch die Koexistenz mit einem agnostischskeptischen und vor allem indiferenten Atheismus des "theoretisch" Nicht- Glaubenden, der den Konflikt zwischen dem Monotheismus, der den Atheismus bekiimpft, und dem anti-theistischen Atheismus ftir uberholt uncl existentiel irrevelent halt, und der jeder sogenannten "Metaphysik" mit ihren lebensfemden Ideen misstraut. Man erfdhrt seine \felt als das Sinn- und Gottlose. Vermutlich charakterisiert die nihilistische Grundstimmlrng unser Zeitalter. Sie ist auch dort noch wirksam, wo sie erfolgreich geflohen und verdeckt wird durch Ersatzgebilde.

Filozof w czasach sekularyzacji

Author(s): Charles Taylor,Mateusz Burzyk,Michał Jędrzejek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 775/2019

Szaweł i inni. Nawrócenie na drogach wiary

Author(s): Zbigniew Mikołejko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 775/2019