Horror przemocy wobec dzieci wczoraj i dziś

Author(s): Ewelina Rąbkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Golus, A. (2019). Dzieciństwo w cieniu rózgi. Historia i oblicza przemocy wobec dzieci. Gliwice: Helion. The review article discusses a monograph by Anna Golus, Dzieciństwo w cieniu rózgi. Historia i oblicza przemocy wobec dzieci [Childhood in the Shadow of a Rod: The History and Faces of Violence against Children] (2019). Its purpose is to outline the history, cultural context of violence towards children and young people, as well as its current state, both in relation to applicable legal regulations in this area and social discussions related to the presented issues. In the final part of the article, those fragments of the book by Golus are analysed in which the author reveals her affective attitude towards the topic of violence against children. Despite the legal ban, some forms of seemingly innocent punishments, such as a smack or time-out, are sometimes propagated in Poland in the 21st century.

ON THE PAST, MEMORY, RECOLLECTIONS AND HISTORY OF THE BULGARIANS IN “SIMVASILEVUSA”

Author(s): Malamir Spasov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the past one feels at home. One comes from that home, where the ones before him are, to go back one day and become one of them, a home for those that are to come. Think of it, that home is in one and one is that home. That’s why the past is cozy. Our awareness of the past is rooted in memory. Memory permeates all aspects of our life. Even our present is largely dedicated to memory, insofar as we spend a great part of it in fortifying our ties with the past. Our memory of the past is an indispensable condition for our sense of identity. We need the collective memory, i.e. the recollections of others, in order to affirm our own recollections, and in this way give them value. The opposite is also fully true, for life is fundamentally dialogical and the discovery of self is unthinkable without the others. If memory and history are processes penetrating the past, the vestiges of the past would put one on the track of processes that have produced that past. Often such traces are sparse, which makes them all the more valuable. Sometimes a few old photographs are the only remnants that have remained in place of one’s roots. In other cases only recollections replace places left long ago. Well, such places don’t have to be outstanding in order to be unforgettable. For many Bulgarians Salonica is just that kind of place. But Salonica is not some ordinary, unremarkable and insignificant city.

МОРЕТО В КИНЕМАТОГРАФИЧНИЯ ЕЗИК НА РАННОТО ГРЪЦКО КИНО

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The proposed article aims to analyze the genesis and functions of the image of the sea in the emerging film language of early Greek cinema in the context of building the modern Greek national identity and reproducing national memory. The focus is on the first period from the birth of film art in Greece from the early 20th century to the mid-1930s, when many Greek filmmakers left the country due to the imposition of the Metaxas regime with a coup in 1936. The outbreak of the Second World War and the German occupation (1941–1944) stifled the successful aspirations of early Greek cinema, and turbulent political events would not allow it to enter its mature period until the 1950s.

„СВЕЩЕНАТА ПЛАНИНА“ В САКРАЛНАТА ГЕОГРАФИЯ НА СОФИЯ: ПРАКТИКИ НА ЕЗОТЕРИЧНИ ОБЩЕСТВА ПРЕЗ ПЪРВАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА ХХ В.

Author(s): Georgeta Nazarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article examines the “spiritual landscape” of modern Sofia and particularly – the place of the “sacred mountain” in the ideas and ritual practices of various occult communities that existed in the city from the late 19th to mid-20th century. Based on various sources the social construction of the sacred space (its borders, functioning and use) is studied. The main research question, explored by methods of history and cultural studies, is the importance of these formations, considered marginal subcultures, products of foreign cultural influences or followers of inherited spiritual tradition, in the Bulgarian “spiritual landscape”.

Сцената „Орфей с дивите животни“: между профанното и сакралното

Author(s): Vanya Lozanova-Stancheva / Language(s): English,Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The Orpheus Taming Wild Animals scene is particularly popular in all genres of ancient fine art. It is commonly perceived and interpreted as a metaphor for Orpheus’ magical and musical skills in the ancient Hellenic poetic tradition, which the Roman poets make locus communis. The aim of the present paper is to offer a new reading of the scene, which – in combination with the fragmented poetic evidences – allows the reconstruction of a possible mythological precedent for the journey of Orpheus to the World Beyond where he attained the mystic theological knowledge that allowed him to lay the foundations of the mysterial initiations. A serious digression from the conventional scene “The Orpheus Taming Wild Animals” shows the composition on some artifacts depicting unusual figures – a centaur(s), Pan, Satyroi. Thematic systematization and semantic analysis of the individual components in this type of compositions could outline some hypotheses regarding the ‘reading’ of its conceptual sources and messages. The analysis of the formal basic components of the images suggests that the scene presented a sacral topos in the World Beyond, associated with the myth-literary tradition of the Argonauts journey.

Чашата на причастието. Към семантиката на съдовете от благороден метал в орфическата ритуална среда на тракийската аристокрация

Author(s): Michaela Yordanova / Language(s): English,Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The exposition analyzes the semantics of Thracian vessels of precious metal; an attempt was made to discuss their function in the context of sacred mysterious logos; a reinterpretation of the ritual symposial practices characteristic of the Orphic communities of Thracian political elites is proposed. Precisely because of their sacred functions, vessels of precious metal with inscriptions are found in the funerals and treasures of the aristocratic elite. They function in a certain way in the symposium rituals during the ruler’s symposia, and such practices in Thrace, are part of the Orphic religion and are associated with aristocratic political elites. There are several reasons for this topic: There is discussion in the literature and there is still a lack of a systematic and consistent thesis about the function of precious metal vessels in the Thracian cultural model. Despite the fundamental research of Al. Foul, the connection between the Thracian basic model of Orphism as aristocratic ideology and its projections in artifacts and folk narratives has not yet been sought. No effort was made to illuminate the function of the Thracian sacral artifacts in parallel with the Greek orphic sources.

Още веднъж за епитета на Аполон – Таденос

Author(s): Petar Dimitrov / Language(s): English,Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

In an inscription found near Brashlyan, in the territory of the town of Malko Tarnovo, South-East Bugaria, a new attestation of Apollo’s epithet – namely Ταδηνος, appears. It goes about a dedicatory inscription cut on a fragmentarily preserved altar. The epithet Ταδηνος is well known from both Greek and Latin inscriptions. The present paper offers a new linguistic analysis of this local cult name according to the modern theoretical standards. The morpheme /ΤΑΔ/ is typical in Thracian. And there is an alomorph /TAZ/, the two morphemes having the same meaning. Both morphemes are well attested in Greek as well. In our case the initial form of Ταδηνος would be *ταδ-σ-, then / ταδ-ζ-/, then two sigmas replacing the two deltas in /ταδδ-/ should be expected: after assimilation or assimilation with /ζ/. Thus the Thracian Ταδηνος would mean: “the one who arranges”. The linguistic argumentation presented here is to confront a recently published hypothesis which interprets Apollo’s epithet in relation with mining suggesting a meaning of “shining”. Although the Strandzha Mountain is known for its metal deposits, Ταδηνος has nothing to do with such activities.

Морска храна в диетата на траките от Егейска Тракия

Author(s): Petya Ilieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The paper presents the still limited evidence on consumption of seafood by the native Thracian population of Aegean Thrace before the establishment of the Greek colonies in the area. Remains of various shellfish (shallow- and deep-water species) from several sites indicate that the local population knew how and where to collect it. The sites where evidence for the consumption of shellfish was found include the LBA – EIA inland settlement at Kastri on Thasos, the late 8th – early 7th c. BC coastal settlement below the later Parian apoikia on Thasos, the LBA – EIA hilltop settlement at Asar tepe, as well as the Samothracian apoikia of Zone (fig. 1). The pre-Greek settlement below the polis of Thasos is the source of a large amount of shellfish remains. However, such were not discovered in the upper strata associated with the Archaic Greek polis. The situation compares to that at Archaic Syracuse where stable isotop analysis of bones from the cemetery at Scala Greca indicates little if any seafood in the diet.

Харпократ в Тракия през Гръко-римската епоха

Author(s): Vessela Atanassova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

When Ptolemy I became ruler of Egypt (306 BC), he continued to have interests in Thrace and Asia Minor where Lysimachus, its ruler, married his daughter Arsinoe II. Most likely, their wedding was fixed with certain benefits, which led to the permanent presence of the Ptolemy in Southern Thrace. In fact, the whole 3rd century was marked by the presence of the Ptolemies in Thrace. This for sure, but also for some other unclear reasons facilitated the spreading of the Egyptian cults in that region. Several Egyptian deities, mainly Isis and Sarapis, but some other deities in relation with them, were found on various documents attesting their presence in Thrace from the Hellenistic period to the end of the Roman Era. Harpocrates, the presumed son of Isis and Sarapis in Greco-roman period, was one of those deities. Unlike his divine parents, he was a synnaos theos and his cult spread on a different manner. According to the monuments he was more likely worshiped because of his qualities as savior god and his magical competences. The study will examine the existing documentation and will discuss the mechanisms of spreading of the Harpocrates cult in Ancient Thrace from the Hellenistic period onward.

Нови данни за поменалните практики в некропола на Аполония

Author(s): Pavlina Devlova,Milena Krumova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

This part of the necropolis of Apollonia Pontica was actively used without interruption from the end of the 5th century BC to the III rd century BC. The space has been planned since its creation in the 5th century BC. The areas studied were most likely used by wealthier families, given the construction of such expensive burial and fencing facilities. For the first time in the necropolis of Apollonia, was discovered and documented a large section of the outer peribolus of the sacral space – the Southern Peribolos. The outer Peribolos was probably built in the 4th century BC. Confirmation of the date is the reused stelae, base and fragments of other similar elements. Since the beginning of the use of the family site, it has designated a special place for commemorative practices. It is certain that the places of burial, funeral and commemoration are different and memory is preserved in time, because there is no case of a broken grave. Numerous discovered preserved whole vessels may have been left behind after the change of sand, and he eventually poured them, helping to preserve them. Honoring deceased relatives is a long-standing practice. Probably the place is ennobled, there are stairs, open spaces that allow people to gather. Wine containers, jars, glasses, food containers allow us to visualize, although partially, the rituals of commemoration. Even though they come from a long way, the tradition is longlived, the remains remain in the necropolis – that is why the bottoms are punctured and missing, the knife left in the amphora. After the 3rd century BC this section has been abandoned and is no longer used – either with the function of a necropolis or for other purposes.

Човешката коса в културата на Древна Тракия

Author(s): Miroslav Izdimirski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

In the analysis suggested, I make an attempt first and foremost to gather in one place all evidence on the function and meaning of human hair in Thracian culture. Human hair, save for being a biological factum, is an object of impression in human culture, i.e., it is a unique cultural phenomenon. I consider written evidences on the specific Thracian hair-do, as noted by the ancient authors, as well as the evidence according to which Thracians were red-haired. I pay attention to the archeologic findings of human hair in ancient Thrace, to visual evidences about hair-dos and colour in human hairs, as well as some folklore evidences on treatments of human hair, precisely as the object and subject of human culture.

Религия, многообразие и взаимодействие по тракийските земи – примерът на еврейската общност в района на Филипопол (1–4 в.)

Author(s): Mina Tasseva-Bencheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

During the I–IV centuries AD, religious diversity became one of the key features of the Graeco-roman world, as attested by literary evidence from the period and supported by a series of modern studies. Coexistence and interaction between various cults in the Empire, along with their understanding of the gods and the sacred, contributed to shape the specific culture of the period. The paper intends to examine some aspects of this culture through the example of the Jewish community in region of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv). The existence of the Jewish community in the region of Philippopolis during the first centuries of the Roman Empire is attested by a group of inscriptions as well as the excavation of a building identified as a synagogue. This evidence is well known and it is currently being supplemented by new studies. However, few of them have focused specifically on the subject of the interaction between this community and its milieu. By exploring this subject, the paper contextualizes the community and brings a clearer image of its life, its understanding and expression of the sacred and its possible interactions with other religions on Thracian land.

Най-добри практики в градоустройството и в реставрацията на архитектурна украса – две нови книги за сецесионовите сгради в Дунавския регион

Author(s): Ekaterina Dikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

Международна научна конференция „Всекидневният живот в средновековна България“

Author(s): Elena Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

За възрожденските разговорници: рецепция и спомоществователи

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The object of research in this article is the phenomenon of sponsorship in Bulgarian book printing during the Revival, and more specifically in the bilingual phrasebooks. An overview of the printed phrasebooks during the Renaissance is presented, with a focus mainly on French-Bulgarian phrasebook by Ivan Naydenov of 1858, which established itself as a classic example of the genre. Data from a similar study highlights issues related to the Bulgarians' interest in learning foreign languages, their preferences for a particular language and the textbooks through which it is studied, their reception and sponsors.

FUNERAL AND COMMEMORATION CEREMONIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE SOVEREIGN FAMILIES IN BULGARIAN CITIES AFTER THE LIBERATION

Author(s): Valentina Vaseva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The text deals with the peculiarities of the funeral ceremonies for members of the ruling families from the Third Bulgarian Kingdom. After the Liberation of Bulgaria, four members of the sovereign families have been buried on the territory of the country – Prince Alexander I of Battenberg in 1893, Princess Maria Louise in 1899, Queen Eleonore in 1917 and Tsar Boris III in 1943. The establishment of a new funeral culture in the Bulgarian cities after the Liberation takes place within the framework of the collective cultural processes caused by the shift in the socioeconomic conditions. Following the untimely death of Prince Alexander I of Battenberg and the fulfillment of his death wish to be buried in Bulgaria, a norm for royal burials, which until now did not exist in the cultural traditions of Bulgarian cities, was necessary to be rapidly introduced from Europe and adapted for Bulgarian conditions. The funeral of Prince Ferdinand’s first wife, Princess Maria Louise, is the first female royal funeral. Thus, gradually, at the end of the 19th century the royal burials, along with the bestowing of posthumous honors to royalties, became an integral part of the urban culture of the Bulgarians. The representatives of the ruling families were the elite of the Bulgarian society and after their deaths they were buried particularly solemnly, with government and military honors, following planned programs in accordance with the requirements of the Palace Protocol, which were published beforehand in the press.

LES ROUMAINS DES LUMIERES, LECTEURS DE LA LITTERATURE DE LEUR EPOQUE, VUS AU LONG DU XXe SIECLE

Author(s): Ileana Mihaila / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2020

Although they were at the borders of the Europe of the Enlightenment, Romanians proved to be active and avid readers of the texts that marked their era. Following their quick conversion to Francophonie, they did not limit themselves to simply reading, but instead followed it up by translating these works more or less liberally. Thus, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Condillac, Fénelon (among others) started their long journey towards Carpatho-Danubian celebrity. In fact, their efforts to harmonize Romanian culture with the European culture of their time would not be updated before the blossoming of 18th-century studies in 20th-century Romania. The Romanian reading of the Enlightenment remains an unexhausted theme for research today, which is made all the more interesting by underlining the influence of 20th-century political vicissitudes on Romanian 18th-century studies.

Между икономическата теория и стопанската история: бележки за властта, пазарите и предприемачите през епохата на Възраждането

Author(s): Ivaylo Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The proposed paper is devoted to some basic concepts such as power, markets and entrepreneurs. On the basis of some explanations and theoretical clarifications, I discuss their presence and role in the economic life during the Bulgarian National Revival period (19th century). Markets are created by enterprising people or function to meet their needs. In their turn, merchants carry out their activities by means of markets. In addition to specific places (the Uzundzhovo fair, the Sliven fair, etc.) where purchases and sales are made, markets may be considered as networks through which sellers and buyers interact with each other during the mentioned period. Goods, financial resources, information and trust, which are key to maintaining business relationships, circulate in the networks. Different types and levels of power are also important. They are crucial factor in case of unfair treatment or a dispute. Sometimes they are an obstacle that hinders enterprising people and their work. The proposed conclusions can certainly be enriched with more empirical data. However, I am convinced that economic theory would help to clearly define key terms, and the empirical data can illustrate and even correct imposed perceptions.

Стопанският етос на българите през Възраждането през погледа на Владимир Свинтила

Author(s): Rumen Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The Revival was the period of economic and cultural rise of Bulgarians, without an existence of a state. It is the result of economic freedom and spontaneous order without centralized state power. The establishment of Bulgarian state did not lead to great economic prosperity, but to the reconstruction of the free economy to centralized one. One of the erudite of Bulgarian Revival was Vladimir Svintila. In his research dedicated to mentality and folk psychology, he reveals the economic ethos of Bulgarians during this period. The purpose of this paper is to present a different point of view to economic life of the Bulgarians during the Revival period, which in our opinion is contained in the books of Vladimir Svintila. It reveals facts that popular history conceals as they are not similar to the idea of national centralized state. For the needs of the research comparative historical analyses is used along with the network approach to complex systems.

Околийските градски съветници като кредитори: по повод на една публикация на вестник „Дунав“ от 1872 г.

Author(s): Hristiyan Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the Tanzimat (the reform period)–created municipality councils and their role in the Ottoman province administrative system. The focus is on the capitals that these councils successfully accumulated and managed. The employees will be presented responsible for the cash funds in the area and the amount of money. These financial assets were used for giving loans with interest. Yet another proof that when there is strong market demand, combined with feeble supply, the normative acts are usually ignored. The research is based on the published ten volumes of Ottoman statistical yearly editions on the Danube area chronologically comprising the period from 1868/1869 to 1877/1878. Besides, several materials have been used taken from the officious newspaper Dunav (Danube). These represent the administrative framework where municipality councils are located and function. Special attention has been paid to one publication of 5th January 1872, which proves that the municipality councilors used to lend money with interest.