CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

The Attitude of Poles Towards Communal Police. Some Observations on the State of Civil Society in Poland

Author(s): Cezary Tatarczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

The concept of self-government system in Poland assumes an important role for municipalities, which is the basic territorial unit of community of residents. It is the area where, with the help of democratically elected authorities, the basic needs of local communities shall be fulfilled. One of these needs, and at the same time, the own task of municipality, is to ensure public order and security of citizens. According to legislation, the proper measure supposed to be the communal police (municipal police in municipalities), which is a local uniformed formation, providing administrative-ordinal tasks. The first units of the communal police were formed in Poland in 1991. For all these years, however, they did not become a common service in the country. The communal police function just in one-fourth of municipalities and generally focus the heaviest negative emotions and social opinion of all the uniformed services. The author of the study, indicating causes of this situation, comments their underestimated by citizens role in shaping public order and security of local societies, juxtaposing it with the state of civic consciousness.

More...

Russian Mass-Media Manipulation of Information in Hybrid Warfare Against Ukraine

Author(s): Olga Wasiuta,Sergiusz Wasiuta / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

The article concerns the mass-media manipulation of information in Russia about RussianUkrainian conflict with the help of the media controlled by government. The authors point out that the Kremlin has always manipulated the content of information and with the beginning of the Revolution of Dignity manipulation and disinformation has gained unimaginable momentum, treating Maidan as a negative event, as a coup. At the moment of aggression, in the network hundreds of websites and social network groups appeared, which „objectively” are informing about the events. The message of this campaign is to justify the uprising against the new, legitimate government in Kiev. The propaganda potential is directed at presentation of the Russian version of events, and the overall aim is to diversify the public opinion. An important point of this strategy is to create an image of Russia as a victim of cynical game of Western establishment, accused on this occasion for a complete distortion of Putin’s image as well as the causes of Ukrainian conflict and its course.

More...

South Caucasus in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Do doctrinal assumptions translate into reality?

Author(s): Jarosław Kardaś / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2016

Russian policy in South Caucasus is not a fully effective policy, as Russia’s actions towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia are dominated by bilateral relations rather than a single, coherent strategy towards the region. The policy towards these countries also bears the hallmarks of an imperial policy, since it boils down to rewards (in the political, economic or military sphere) for cooperation, or punishments for any action against Russian interests. In addition to enhancing bilateral relations, Russia makes efforts (in accordance with documents issued by official bodies) to integrate the CIS area, of course including the Trans-Caucasus, under its leadership. But it comes up short in these efforts, because not all the Caucasus countries are interested in Russian-led economic integration (within the Eurasian Economic Union), or political and military integration (within CIS, CSTO).

More...

Ustawy w zakresie zapewniania bezpieczeñstwa wewnêtrznego (internal security acts) w Indiach, Portugalii i Francji

Author(s): Karina Marczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2016

The article concerns Internal Security Acts in India, Portugal and France. These states had adopted such kind of laws due to various reasons and motives. In the paper a set of factors is identified which have influenced internal security rules in the above-mentioned states. The key assumption is that the crucial issue is the definition of internal security which is necessary if a state would like to build an internal security system. The definition might be included in an Internal Security Act. The basic question is how internal security is understood in India, Portugal and France. The article concludes with final conclusions. First, the Internal Security Acts adopted by various states are influenced by a set of factors occurring in these states. Secondly,usually the concept of internal security has been defined by an Internal Security Act (Portugal and France cases). Last but not least, the internal security is understood in a narrow way i.e. it is restricted to the issues of public order and public security (India and France cases).

More...

Three Pillars of Security Culture

Author(s): Juliusz Piwowarski / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2016

The article presents a proposal for multidisciplinary scientific platform, as a basis for security studies. It includes not only the military but mostly non-military aspects of security. An emphasis is put on security culture, the main pivot of the “Security Dimensions” as a scientific journal, with three pillars of the security culture concept: mental and spiritual (individual dimension), legal and organizational (social dimension), material.

More...

Theoretical Basics of Societal Security

Author(s): Juliusz Piwowarski,Janusz Gierszewski / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2016

Problems related to social security can be seen as a particular type of security in various aspects. In the literature of political science, economics, sociology or security studies there are different concepts of characterizing this category. The issue of social security is a complex and ambiguous, because this phenomenon is dynamic and depends on many factors. This work is an attempt to answer the question of what are the theoretical basis of social security on the basis of the security studies and whether it can enter the other, closely related to national security category concept, eg. social security of the nation. The reference point for discussion is the system of national security. Authors proposed a definition of societal security of the nation and pointed out the main elements characterizing this concept as an opposition to the social security, understood in terms of welfare state. The other rationale for the choice of topic is also a need to shape the way to solve scientific problems of modern science on the basis of security studies, including those related to operationalization of concepts and gaps in knowledge, which should focus on the search for representatives of this new scientific subdiscipline.

More...

Soft Power in the Current Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation: Resources, Possibilities, Limits

Author(s): Martin Horemuž / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2016

This paper aims to analyze soft power in the contemporary foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The structure of the present article is based on the basic normative and methodological definition of soft power. The third and also the main part of the text tries through an analytical approach to map and identify resources and real options as well as discern limits of Russia’s current use of soft power.

More...

Changes in the physical endurance of kickboxers in the preparatory phase

Author(s): Tadeusz Ambroży,Amadeusz Kwiatkowski,Dariusz Mucha,Juliusz Piwowarski / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2016

The aim of the paper was to analyze: training effectiveness in the preparatory period, changes in contestants’ aerobic and anaerobic capacity in the preparatory period, changes in contestants’ motor abilities in the preparatory period, to compare the level of selected parameters of anaerobic capacity measured by means of Wingate test and aerobic capacity measured by means of Beep-test of kickboxing contestants with the results of contestants training similar martial arts. The research has been carried out on three contestants of UKS Gladiator Club who achieve high sports results. An analysis of obtained results shows that the training employed in the preparatory phase has been appropriately planned and effective enough. Both aerobic and anaerobic capacity in the preparatory phase has increased significantly. Anaerobic capacity of the examined contestants is higher than capacity of the contestants in the control group. Their aerobic capacity, on the other hand, is lower than in the control group. When planning further training in the future greater attention should be paid to developing aerobic capacity.

More...

The Location of Points Within the Chinese Macrosystem in the Zone of Reflexology of the Microsystems of Feet and Hands

Author(s): Dariusz Mucha,Tadeusz Ambroży,Teresa Mucha,Katarzyna Chudyba,Krzysztof Latinek / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2016

Purpose: The aim of the research was to reflect the location of Biologically Active Points (BAP) in microsystem of feet and hands reflex zone. Methods: We analised the database, including the Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, etc. on microsystems of hands and feet. The results of the Chinese Reflexology points locations of feet and hands microsystems are shown in the tables. Results: In the hands microsystem there are 46 points, and in the feet microsystem we located 70 points from the 12 meridians. In the feet and hands microsystem there are 22 independent points, 8 of which are located in the feet reflex zone, and 14 in the hands reflex zone. Conclusions: In the reflex zone of the ,,own organs” there are three BAP points − KI1 kidneys meridian points are situated on the sole side of the right and the left foot and the heart meridian point HT8 which is located on the left palm side. It turned out that the majority of Chinese points located within the reflex zone of feet and hands, are located outside the reflex zones of their organs.

More...

Three Pillars of Security Culture

Author(s): Juliusz Piwowarski / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

More...

Japanese Security Culture in the Global Village. The Budo Charter as a Modernized Element of Ancient Military Tradition

Author(s): Wojciech J. Cynarski,Juliusz Piwowarski / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Authors have presented and discussed the content of the Budo Charter, positioning it in social phenomenon forming a system of security culture. This is modernized ethics canon and a kind of credo showing today’s social mission, which is implemented by the transmission of Japanese martial arts of budo. Triangulated problem analysis was carried out from three perspectives – humanist theory of martial arts, security sciences and anthropology of martial arts. It was concluded that the content contained in the Budo Charter are elements of security culture, which show continuous up-to-date ideals carried since ancient times by the honorable Samurai code bushido and its manual application, which is a collection of martial arts of budo from the Japanese Islands.

More...

Monitoring House Arrest in the Slovak Republic

Author(s): MARIÁN MESÁROŠ,Mikuláš Bodor / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

The paper deals with the house arrest punishment as one of the alternative penalties that may be imposed on the offender under the Criminal Code effective. In this paper, the author focuses on the analysis of substantive provisions of the sentence under house arrest in the Slovak Republic. In particular, the author deals with a very topical issue of electronic monitoring of persons in the Slovak Republic, which is closely linked with the sentence of house arrest.

More...

Importance of Professional Competence in the Rescue in Opinions of Young People

Author(s): Ewa Płaczek / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Specific competences of employees are important for rescue services. This means that workers who have a certain set of competences including knowledge, abilities, experience, attitudes and the worker’s readiness to act in conditions of high stress and risk will be searched for. The goal of the paper is to study opinions of young generation who are not associated with rescue services and who do not see their career in the area about the importance of competences necessary to perform the work of a “rescue worker”.

More...

The Electoral Corruption in the Reality of Unconsolidated Democracy

Author(s): Jacek Bil / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

The article is devoted to the problem of corruption in politics. The author presents the risks of corruption for the democratic system of the state and describes the anticorruption legal regulations. Mechanisms of electoral corruption are presented and the involvement of the state and political parties in the anti-corruption programs is showed. It shows the necessity of anti-corruption education of society

More...

A Proposal for Special Kickboxing Fitness Test

Author(s): Tadeusz Ambroży,Jarosław Omorczyk,Arkadiusz Stanula,Amadeusz Kwiatkowski,Wiesław Błach,Dariusz Mucha,Andrzej Kędra / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate validity and reliability of a new special kickboxing fitness test. The test can be also useful in such combat sports as karate, taekwondo, ju-jitsu and MMA. The study group was 25 elite level athletes from the KS Gladiator club in Grybów. The test was repeated in the same group for three times. In order to evaluate test reliability, test results were compared to the results obtained by study participants in two special fitness tests proposed by Sterkowicz1 . The statistical analysis of the results was also performed. The analysis of the results presented in this study shows that the specific character of the movements typical of the kickboxing fight justifies the introduction of the tests based on kicks and punches to the test battery that evaluates special fitness. Furthermore, the new special fitness test proposed in this study can be used for selection and interpretation of the achievements of kickboxers since it offers a reliable, valid and user-friendly research tool.

More...

Assessment the Risk of Falls Versus Postural Stability of the Elderly, Using a Stabilographic Platform

Author(s): Grzegorz Mańko,Izabela Kocot,Magdalena Pieniążek,Angelika Sosulska,Henryk Piwowar / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Aim: The purpose of this study was to show the characteristics of postural stability in the aging process of elderly people, using the stabilography method and risk assessment of falling occurring in this age group. Materials and methods: The overall study included 36 people engaged in the therapeutic process in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Centre in Krzeszowice ORNR. Their average age was 69,42 (± 7,12) years. The test consisted of unconstrained standing on the stabilograph platform for 30 seconds in different experimental conditions: (1) Unconstrained standing with open eyes, (2) Unconstrained standing with closed eyes, (3) Unconstrained standing with open eyes after 6 revolutions on the Barany’s chair. Results: This research showed that the posture of elderly people is characterized by higher values of displacement/COP lean in the sagittal plane rather than frontal plane. Furthermore, it demonstrated that limitations in impulses from sensory inputs (vestibular and visual system) result in an increase of oscillations of the stabilogram graphic curve. However, no strong link between the values of individual measurements (stabilogram) and the occurrence of fall was established. Conclusions: This study showed the usefulness of the stabilography method in describing the stability of the human body. Yet, in order to determine the objectivity of this method, further tests need to be done on larger sample groups and norms regarding people of different ages have to be elaborated. The results obtained in this research might however contribute towards the development of modern accident prevention programs.

More...

Possibility of the Evaluation of Injuries of an Unbelted Passenger in a Vehicle and the Need for Special Procedures while Inspecting the Site of the Accident

Author(s): Nikita Bobrov,Jan Mandelik,Juliusz Piwowarski,Vlastimil Rabek,Peter Havaj / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Article concerns the issue of car accident scene investigation. An example of modern forensic techniques usage is given, with potential for implementing the FORTIS system as an element of trail.

More...

Strategic Reserves in National Security System of the Republic of Poland

Author(s): Antoni Olak,Antoni Krauz / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

People instinctively sought to ensure their own security since the dawn of time. This simply existential need impelled people to seek new solutions for its assurance. You may say that the need for security shaped the attitudes of people, and greatly contributed to the current development of civilization. This article is dedicated to the strategic reserves of our nation and its role for the security of local communities in Poland. The primary problem, that has been addressed herein, is the possibility to provide strategic reserves in crisis situations, on the basis of analyses carried out by the Material Reserves Agency, taking place in recent years.

More...

Military Diplomacy and Its Present Functions

Author(s): Erik Pajtinka / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Military diplomacy can be defined as a set of activities carried out mainly by the representatives of the defence department, as well as other state institutions, aimed at pursuing the foreign policy interests of the state in the field of security and defence policy, and whose actions are based on the use of negotiations and other diplomatic instruments. This meaning differs military diplomacy from some other related phenomena such as gunboat diplomacy or coercive diplomacy. Military diplomacy as such performs several basic functions, which include the following: 1. Gathering and analysing of information on the armed forces and the security situation in the receiving state, 2. Promotion of cooperation, communication and mutual relations between the armed forces of the sending and the receiving state, 3. Organization of working visits of representatives of the defence authorities and of peaceful stay of the military units of the sending state in the receiving state, 4. Support of business contracts with arms and military equipment between the sending and the receiving state, and 5. Representation of the sending state and its armed forces at official ceremonies and other events in the receiving state.

More...

Hybrid Tactics as Part of Russian Foreign Policy and Attempts to Influence Political Discourse in the EU

Author(s): Ivan Jagersky / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2016

Russian hybrid approach is based on their understanding of threats; Russians feel themselves as victims of Western policies, sanctions and information policy. According to Russian military doctrine and theory, information warfare is conducted continuously in peacetime and wartime alike. The Russian elite consider comprehensive hybrid approach as one of the most important elements in foreign affairs. It uses a combination of tools, such as wide-ranging political and diplomatic commitment, the leverage of the energy, economic retaliation, strengthening of the military capabilities, development assistance, propaganda, intelligence and cyber activities. The priorities of Russian information operations are promoting special bilateral relations with EU member states while exploiting the different interests and contradictions within EU. The goal of mediacampaigns and propaganda is to undermine dominant Western media sources and narratives. As part of information operations Russia has begun to cooperate with and support radical and anti-establishment groups in the EU. The effectiveness of Russian information policy abroad comes at high costs but it is still limited in its outcomes. Russian policy in the EU will be increasingly directed towards polarization of different institutions, countries, parties and particular interest groups

More...