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MULTICULTURALISM ȘI DIVERSITATE ÎN MISIUNILE DE MENȚINERE A PĂCII SUB EGIDA ONU

Author(s): Petru Țarcă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Created in 1945 primarily for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security, the United Nations (UN) plays a vital role in restoring and maintaining peace and stability in countries still affected by conflicts or large-scale crisis. This is achieved through peacekeeping missions and operations, which have constantly evolved and developed. Thus, there has been a gradual shift from the simpler, traditional missions and operations carried out in the spirit of Chapter VI of the UN Charter on the peaceful settlement of disputes, without any military objective or task, to today's multidimensional missions, which have to manage much more complex crisis situations. The United Nations is committed to promote cultural awareness and diversity in all its peacekeeping operations. In recent years, the United Nations has taken significant steps to improve the cultural awareness and sensitivity of its peacekeepers. This includes providing training on cultural competency and cross-cultural communication, as well as developing policies and guidelines that consider the unique needs of each mission. The UN perspective is that peacekeeping operations are often conducted in cultures very different from those of the peacekeepers themselves. As such, it is important for peacekeepers to be aware of the local culture and customs. By taking steps to promote cultural awareness and diversity, the UN is working to increase the efficiency of its peacekeeping forces.

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Procesul de deeplearning al aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială

Author(s): Sorin-Constantin Lică,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Deeplearning is a branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on training deep neural networks to learn and make decisions or make predictions. This technology is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.Deeplearning models are made up of several layers of interconnected artificial neurons, called artificial neural networks. Each layer takes the output from the previous layer, processes it and sends it to the next layer. Layers close to the input are responsible for extracting lower-level features, while deeper layers learn higher-level representations or abstractions.One of the main advantages of deeplearning is its ability to automatically learn relevant features or representations from raw data, eliminating the need for manual engineering. This allows deeplearning models to excel in tasks such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, recommender systems, and more.Training deeplearning models typically involves providing a large set of labeled data and using an algorithm called backpropagation to adjust connection weights between neurons, minimizing the difference between predicted and actual outputs. This process is computationally intensive and often requires significant computational resources such as specialized hardware (e.g., GPUs) or distributed computing systems.

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Strategii de prevenire și combatere a criminalității organizate din perspectiva falsificării de monedă

Author(s): Eduard Constantin / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Organized crime is a dynamic, cross-border, criminal phenomenon that requires the periodic development of strategies adapted to new trends to prevent and combat it. In this sense, the criminogenic factors, the methods and ways of committing the purpose crimes, the relevant legislation in force, the competence and performance of institutions specialized in combating crime, but also of social reaction to organized crime, must be taken into account.At the european level, the EU Strategy to combat organized crime 2021-2025 is applicable, being the first unitary strategy dedicated to organized crime; this derives from the EU Security Union Strategy. In Romania, the seat of the matter is Law no. 39/2003, national strategies and specific, multi-annual action plans being developed.Currency counterfeiting, as a manifestation of organized crime, is part of the scope of strategies of this type, which include a series of measures and actions to prevent and combat such a criminal phenomenon, which seriously affects the economy, the financial system of the European Union and the member states, but also the patrimony of the natural or legal person injured by receiving counterfeit currency.The SOCTA 2021 assessment by Europol mentions currency counterfeiting as the main area of activity of organized crime networks, being classified as a priority threat under the European Multidisciplinary Platform against Criminal Threats 2022-2025 (EMPACT 2022).

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DELINCVENȚA JUVENILĂ ȘI REGIMUL MĂSURILOR EDUCATIVE NEPRIVATIVE DE LIBERTATE

Author(s): Emanuela Denisa Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The author examines the juvenile delinquency, the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. This explanation is accompanied by a thorugh analysis of the non-custodial measures which are regulated by article 115 of the New Criminal Code.Each measure is presented closely in order to have a better understanding of the role they have and the effects they direct on the minor.

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ASPECTE DE DREPT COMPARAT PRIVIND INFRACȚIUNEA DE VIOL

Author(s): Emanuela Denisa Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The author analyses the legal content of the crime of rape, regulated by article 218 of the New Criminal Code, while an exam compared with other states and their law towards this matter.On this occasion, the author also presents some critical opinion and suggestions with a view on improving the society and the law itself.

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ASPECTE GENERALE REFERITOARE LA INFRACȚIUNILE CONTRA VIEȚII PERSOANEI

Author(s): Emanuela Denisa Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The author examines general aspects regarding the crimes against life, aspects that are outlined by statistics and studies over the years. On this ocassion, the evolution of the Romanian Criminal Code is highlighted and compared to other states, such as France and Russia. The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of penal provisions in preserving the lives

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COLIZIUNI ȘI LACUNE PROCESUALE PENALE ȘI CRIMINALISTICE PRIVIND EXAMINAREA CADAVRULUI CONFORM LEGISLAȚIEI REPUBLICII MOLDOVA

Author(s): Dinu Ostavciuc,Constantin Rusnac / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The scientific article investigates from a tactical-criminalistics and criminal procedural point of view the activity of examining the human corpse, arguing the involvement of different sciences, which, in its essence, form a whole, concerning the process of examining the corpse at the place of its discovery or finding. Through the prism of judicial practice, the authors reveal the collisions, legislative loopholes and tactical-procedural errors that affect this action. Similarly, the study involves the authors' opinion on the extra-procedural activity of transporting the human body from the place of discovery to the forensic institution.In the process of developing the article, the author was guided by a system of scientific research methods, namely: the systemic method, the method of deduction and induction, the method of analysis, the comparative method and many others. The theoretical-legal basis of the scientific article includes the normative regulations of the criminal procedural and forensic doctrine in the field of body examination.In the end, the authors conclude that the examination of the human corpse is of great importance in the economy of crime investigation, an activity that can be performed not only within the on-site investigation, but also within other procedural actions, implicitly as an independent procedural action. In this sense, in order to avoid ambiguous interpretations and increase the activity of the criminal investigation body, I propose to amend and complete the criminal procedural legislation, in the same, it elaborates tactical forensic recommendations.

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REALITATI PRIVIND CRIMINALITATEA ORGANIZATA

Author(s): Carmen Silvia Paraschiv / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Organized crime is the panacea that history has faced since ancient times. Without a trace of denial, we can affirm that this scourge, organized crime, represents in itself a phenomenon that is identified in its formation with the appearance and consolidation of the first human communities, a situation that perpetuates itself until the moment T0 - the one that is identified, in essence, with the emergence of the modern society, developed and based on democracy. We are not wrong if we affirm that it, crime, represents in itself the content of a dark, dark, mysterious and unknown world that grew in content and manifestation, in the midst of people, together with them and whose traces and consequences can only be detected with the help of victims who have fallen prey to it, or who have allowed themselves to be caught in the nets of the dark phenomenon. The phenomenon of organized crime is a permanent threat to citizens, institutions and the economy, and the law enforcement authorities of the member states of the European Union collaborate both with each other and with the other states outside the European Union to combat this serious and organized scourge.

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REINTEGRAREA SOCIALĂ A GRUPURILOR VULNERABILE DE INFRACTORI: MINORII ȘI DELINCVENȚII MINORI

Author(s): Gianina-Anemona Radu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Seen as a form of social deviance, delinquency represents a complex social problem as a result of the conjugated interaction between the individual and the environment. In fact, at the level of each society, it exists in one greater or lesser proportion, manifestations of transgression a norms that can take shape by relating them to certain criteria deviance or/and delinquency. The delinquent appears to us as an individual with a deficiency social maturation and at the same time, with social integration difficulties, which comes into conflict with the requirements of a certain value-normative system, including the legal norms.There is a difference between minors and juvenile delinquents, depending on capacity for criminal liability. We have minors who are not criminally liable and minors who are subject to criminal law sanctions. We also have non-custodial sanctions and restrictive or custodial sanctions.The reintegration of all minors who break the law is a sensitive issue. Reintegration services are designed to facilitate a youth’s transition from an out-of-home placement back to the community and family environment through collaboration between the youth and community service providers, and family to ensure the delivery of needed services and supervision. The overall goal is to assist the youth in becoming a productive citizen.

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On the Use of Semantic Frames in Law Enforcement English Methodology

Author(s): Ileana Chersan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The methodology of English for specific purposes has long been employed and developed, capitalizing on the latest language research and linguistic traits. Using semantic analysis and more specifically semantic frames (in the sense of Fillmore ) to deconstruct the meanings of a lexical unit or word is a complex and rewarding methodological approach; this can facilitate the comprehension of cultural and social concepts behind the lexical units, contrasting concepts and situations and contextualizing them with more semantic precision. Law enforcement concepts favour this approach due to the social and historical complexity of law enforcement systems and their impact on cross-cultural communication. This paper explores two semantic frames of law enforcement concepts – ‘Criminal attempts’ and the ‘Power to stop and search’ - to demonstrate the rationale and applicability of frame semantics to English law enforcement vocabulary teaching.

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AMENINȚĂRILE DE TIP TRANSNAȚIONAL ÎN ERA GLOBALIZĂRII. PSIHO-SOCIOLOGIA ATACURILOR TERORISTE DIN CATALONIA

Author(s): Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Terrorist threats to European security in the context of globalisation are of major relevance because of their global implications at the psycho-socio-individual level. This article proposes a qualitative analysis of the two terrorist attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils on 17-18 August 2017, claimed by ISIS members of the Salafist insurgent group. The approach brings to attention the issue of transnational threats and the anomie of terror partisans. The characteristics of the terrorist's personality profile, the pyramidal structure of involvement within a group, motivation, dynamics of actions according to intra-cellular organization, sphere of interest according to geographical location, level of involvement, influence of social, economic, cultural realities are brought under the microscope of analysis. A detailed analysis reveals the meticulousness of the practices of the groups, with a view to prevention and increasing the solidarity of the responsible institutions and civil society in combating the phenomenon.

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Coordonate esențiale ale situației umanitar-migraționiste din Ucraina; impactul acesteia în ce privește România

Author(s): Adrian Băncilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

From 2022, an unprecedented armed conflict, in the last 50 years in this area of the world, is taking place on Romania's borders. Our country has shown a high level of generosity, hospitality and solidarity in its efforts to help Ukrainian refugees fleeing the armed conflicts in their homeland. The Romanian government has implemented policies and emergency measures to provide protection, access to vital services and social inclusion in national systems. As far as Romania is concerned, the characteristics of the refugee population have imposed an integrated approach to educational services. This approach was adapted to combat language barriers but also the reluctance of the refugees to call on educational services based on their personal conviction. Romania, through its leadership, realized on the occasion of the serious events that took place in 2022, that in the Romanian administrative systems the administrative barriers still remain significant and only through sustained and coordinated efforts (consisting of legislative interventions and changes in public policies and strategies) can they be overcome.

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Războiul din Ucraina și provocările la adresa securității publice

Author(s): Sorin-Stelian Căpățînă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Started in February 2022, through a military aggression by Russia, the war in Ukraine represents a threat to international security, but it can affect, without reaching the generalization of the conflict, the public security of the states of Europe, but especially of the states near the area of conflict.Like any military conflict, it generates a series of crises in the economic, social, humanitarian, public order etc. The huge wave of refugees transited the states bordering the conflict, to take shelter from the war, generating a series of social problems in the destination countries.The challenges to public security must be analysed from multiple perspectives: of crime, of public pressure determined by the population of the destination countries, of the economic and social impact that the European Union states must sustain for supporting the Ukrainian war effort, and subsequently for reconstruction of affected areas.In creating scenarios of crisis evolution, past events must be considered. The refugee crisis caused by emigrants from North Africa and the Middle East has caused a series of economic and social problems in Europe, sometimes culminating in population protest movements against population that have committed delicts or crimes.Refugees or migrants are not always just helpless people running from war or repression in their countries of origin; elements that are part of organized crime networks or, why not, terrorist can easily infiltrate among them.Starting from some certain aspects, the article wants to identify and analyse potential aspects that could affect public security, in the context of the Ukrainian crisis.

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Parteneriatul public privat în domeniul executării pedepselor privative de libertate

Author(s): Constantin Victor Drăghici / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the public-private partnership in the execution of custodial sentences, focusing on the ethical, legal, and operational implications associated with this collaborative model. The research emphasizes the fundamental role of the public service in ensuring law compliance and the protection of the fundamental rights of prisoners, while also highlighting the need for careful management of the partnership in accordance with the ethical and deontological principles specific to the correctional profession.The detailed analysis highlights numerous benefits associated with the public-private partnership, including the improvement of the quality of correctional services, the optimization of financial and technological resources utilization, and increased operational efficiency. The involvement of private companies in prison management brings innovative perspectives and specialized expertise, contributing to the continuous development of the correctional system. Furthermore, collaboration between the public and private sectors can support the implementation of advanced programs for social reintegration and rehabilitation of prisoners, thereby facilitating the rehabilitation process and reducing recidivism rates.However, the public-private partnership also presents significant challenges. One notable drawback is the risk of the private sector being primarily motivated by profit-seeking, potentially leading to a decline in the quality of services provided to prisoners. Additionally, the increase in costs borne by the government is questioned, as private companies may demand higher remuneration than necessary to cover the actual costs. Contract management and monitoring activities within the partnership pose complex challenges, particularly when the interests of the two parties diverge significantly.

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Raportul dintre corupție și calibrarea conștiinței-impactul asupra siguranței sitemului penitenciar

Author(s): Constantin Victor Drăghici / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This article proposes an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship between corruption, consciousness calibration, and its impact on the safety of the penitentiary system. Corruption, as a social phenomenon, entails the abusive use of power for personal gain and the acquisition of illegal advantages. The degree of corruption can be influenced by the level of consciousness among personnel, determined by ethical, moral, and cognitive factors. By employing contemporary paradigms such as social systems theory and the ethics of behavior paradigm, the complex mechanisms through which corruption interacts with the development and calibration of individual and collective consciousness are explored.In this context, the importance of education, training, and monitoring processes for professional integrity within the penitentiary system is highlighted, with the aim of fostering calibrated, ethical, and responsible consciousness. Additionally, the influence of corruption on the level of consciousness among personnel is revealed through complex psychological mechanisms such as cognitive justification and distortion of moral norms.To counteract the phenomenon of corruption and ensure the systematic safety of penitentiaries, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary, integrating knowledge and perspectives from the fields of social psychology, sociology, and ethics. The implementation of policies and strategies aimed at developing a higher level of consciousness and promoting a favorable institutional climate for integrity becomes crucial in strengthening and consolidating the Romanian penitentiary system, as well as facilitating the rehabilitation and reintegration of inmates into society.

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IMPLICAȚIILE CRIMINALITĂȚII ASUPRA SOCIETĂȚII ÎN CONTEXTUL RĂZBOIULUI RUSO UCRAINEAN

Author(s): George-Ciprian Gîrleanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The new geopolitical and geostrategic realities in the context of the war in Ukraine led to the exacerbation of common law crime and white collar crime and they represent a threat to National Security by making the integrated defence systems of National Security and public order vulnerable. An increase of corruption among civil servants and law enforcements led to the development of some unlawful underground economies powered by the war of Ukraine. Consequently, it results in a “sick” economy with direct effects on the regular citizen amplified by the arisal of new methods and forms of committing a crime in the context of the globalization of criminality which represent both a plague of this millenium and the biggest threat to the “healthy” development of a democratic state. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the legislative acquis and the system of public order and national security in order to fight against criminality in the context of new challenges that feed the anomie in society.

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Fraudele prin atribuirea identității unor persoane din cadrul unităților bancare

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Impersonation fraud is a major problem in the financial sector and can have significant consequences for banks and their customers. This problem is growing as technology evolves and the number of online financial transactions increases. Thus, this research topic is important and topical as it aims to identify the causes that foster identity attribution fraud and to identify the most effective methods to prevent and pre-empt it. In addition, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many banks have moved to online banking, which has increased the risk of cyber fraud and made the topic of this research even more relevant. There is also an increased need to protect customers' data and financial information, making this research important for the development of a safer and more secure banking environment. This research study could have a positive impact on the banking industry and its customers by creating more effective policies and procedures to prevent and combat identity attribution fraud.In conclusion, research in this area has focused on developing technological and methodological solutions for the prevention and detection of identity-attribution fraud in banking establishments.

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Importanța cunoașterii populației pentru activitățile specifice poliției

Author(s): Vasile-Cătălin GOLOP / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Knowledge of the population is extremely important for specific policing activities as it can help to identify security problems and develop strategies to prevent anti-social crime. By knowing the population, police can better understand the culture, customs and values of the community. This knowledge can help identify vulnerable groups, those who may be vulnerable to crime or tempted to commit it. Knowledge of the population can also be useful in establishing effective communication between the police and the community. By understanding the needs and expectations of the community, the police can develop strategies to involve the community in crime prevention and crime fighting activities. In addition, knowledge of the population can help to identify high-risk areas, areas where offences against the law frequently occur or where there are public safety problems. In order to develop community-specific preventive strategies, the police need to identify and assess community-specific risk factors. Identifying and assessing risk factors are essential steps in the crime prevention process and can help to develop appropriate preventive strategies. One of the main objectives of population awareness in the work of preventing crimes harmful to society is to develop specific preventive measures tailored to the needs of the community.

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Prevenirea și Combaterea Criminalității Informatice din Perspectiva Cooperării Polițienești Internaționale

Author(s): Alexandru Ignat,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We can state that with each passing day, our world is becoming increasingly digitized and the accessibility of the population to information resources and computer systems is becoming more and more diversified, while awareness and education regarding online security are not, unfortunately, a priority discussed on the agenda, yet. As technology advances, people become more dependent on it, and preventing and combating cybercrime becomes an increasingly pressing issue. International police cooperation is essential in addressing this type of often organized crime, as most cybercrimes surpass conventional borders. Thus, strong and efficient collaboration among law enforcement agencies from different countries can contribute to identifying and pursuing criminals who exploit computer systems, as well as exchanging vital information for preventing future cyber attacks. This requires the development of common protocols and procedures, open and transparent communication, and a shared commitment to protecting citizens and public institutions. Additionally, public education and awareness are of paramount importance in preventing crimes within the realm of cybercrime. In an increasingly interconnected world, we must ensure that a significant portion of the population understands the risks associated with technology usage and is prepared to protect themselves or detect and report violations of rights in the online environment.

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SECURITATEA PORTUARĂ ȘI POLITICILE UNIUNII EUROPENE

Author(s): Lucian GRĂJDEANU,Sorin-Constantin Lică / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The continuous increase in the demand for transport is in the constant attention of the European Commission, which has launched a "new visionary exercise" applicable to the future of all modes of transport, with an emphasis on continuing the process of liberalization and reducing the impact on the environment - the transport system consumes almost 30 % of energy generated in member villages – by reducing dependence on oil imports, greenhouse gas emissions and accidents. This article draws attention to the considerable challenges faced by the European Union and, implicitly, our country, in order to respond to permanent transport needs, in the context of demographic changes and the reorientation of investment capacities in the port field, all influenced by the maintenance of the situation determined by the evolution of the conflict in Ukraine.

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