We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Neo-liberalism is, undoubtedly, today’s dominant economical and political ideology. This paper is an attempt to give a general outline of where it derived from, what was it based on, and how it became the leading driving force in the field of economy and politics.
More...
The process of globalization is a lawful and objective process which no national economy can avoid, no matter how much it wants that or not. Thus, it is not necessary to avoid it. The main question that transition countries were trying to find an answer to at the beginning of the 20th century was, how to successfully enter the processes of globalization, that is, how to manage transition from non-market system to a market system.
More...
‘Almost certainly we are witnessing a shift to...a market individualism of neoliberalism where the self is shaped as a utility maximiser, a free and contractual individual, who is self-constituted through the market choices and investment decisions that he/she makes....In the face of increasingly technical and functional forms of literacy and of schooling, we might inquire whether school in an age of consumerism promotes a relation to the self based on truth-telling or whether this relation has been replaced by another primary ethos: happiness, security, survival, success, ‘self-improvement,’ wealth.’ (Besley and Peters, 2007: 18)
More...
A declining population implies economic consequences. Why? Because oil consumption will drop and sales will drop as well. Because the global economy depends on the industrialized world and the national GDP will be lower. The paradox is that the global economy can slow down its pace, but people in the developed countries of the world will do better than before. Why? Because a less crowded country means less resource reliance, less pollution, fewer traffic jams, and more space. Can we talk of a future crisis as a consequence of the demographic decline in the developed world?
More...
Rodno odgovorno budžetiranje je sastavni dio pristupa urodnjavanja politika. Prema najčešće korištenoj definiciji (Council of Europe, 2005) „rodno odgovorno budžetiranje predstavlja uključivanje principa rodne ravnopravnosti u budžetske procese. Podrazumijeva rodno zasnovanu procjenu budžeta, uključivanje rodne perspektive na svim nivoima budžetskog procesa i restrukturiranje prihoda i rashoda u cilju unapređenja rodne ravnopravnosti.“ U procesu rodno odgovornog budžetiranja koriste se alati kojima se „prati tok novca“ iz vladinih budžeta ka ostvarenju ciljeva i uticaja na različite grupe žena i muškaraca, dječaka i djevojčica. Vrlo je važno zapamtiti da rodno odgovoran budžet ne može biti shvaćen kao budžet napravljen isključivo za žene, jer bi u tom slučaju značilo da žene označavamo kao interesnu grupu koja se natječe s drugima za ionako oskudna sredstva koja vlada dodjeljuje, odnosno da budžet treba podijeliti podjednako između žena i muškaraca ili da se cilj rodno odgovornih budžeta svodi na to da se veći dio javnih sredstava dodijeli programima ili mjerama isključivo namijenjenih ženama.
More...
Prvi i osnovni preduslov koji se nameće zemljama koje žele pristupiti Evropskoj uniji jeste “postojanje funkcionalne tržišne ekonomije sposobne da se nosi s konkurentskim pritiscima i tržišnim silama unutar Unije“. Bosna i Hercegovina je potpisivanjem Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju koncem juna 2008. godine izrazila čvrsto opredjeljenje za evropski put. Međutim, to za sobom povlači i ispunjavanje niza kriterija ekonomske prirode koji imaju za cilj pripremanje bh. ekonomije za funkcionisanje unutar većeg tržišta. Ekonomija Bosne i Hercegovine ima neke sistemske slabosti koje su, ponajviše, rezultat mukotrpnog tranzicijskog procesa kroz koji prolazi naša zemlja. Činjenica je da je znatan dio bh. privrede devastiran tokom ratnih dešavanja 1990-ih godina, a posljedice se osjete i danas – 18 godina poslije. Vrijednost bruto domaćeg proizvoda dostigla je tek 80% vrijednosti prijeratnog, stopa nezaposlenosti je jedna od najvećih u regionu, poslovni ambijent je nepovoljan i ocijenjen kao najlošiji u regionu, konkurentnost bh. Ekonomije je najslabija u regionu i jedna od najslabijih u cijeloj Evropi. Sve naprijed rečeno treba da zabrinjava kreatore ekonomskih politika čija odgovornost za trenutno stanje bh. ekonomije prednjači. U ovom radu, upoznaćemo se sa osnovnim makroekonomskim obilježjima bh. Ekonomije i njene trenutačne pozicije u regionalnom i međunarodnom okruženju.
More...
U ovom radu razmatraju se ekonomski odnosi Srbije i Rusije na početku XXI veka u kontekstu nominovanog „evropskog puta” srpske politike i tradicionalnog „političkog prijateljstva” srpskog i ruskog naroda, na slovenskoj i pravoslavnoj osnovi. Glavna hipoteza je da su ekonomski odnosi Rusije i Srbije u suštini od marginalnog značaja ne samo za Rusku Federaciju nego i za Republiku Srbiju, te da oni ne daju gotovo nikakvu podlogu za proširivanje saradnje dve države, to jest ne pružaju realističnu perspektivu u kojoj bi privredna saradnja Srbije sa Rusijom bila bilo kakva alternativa njenom uključivanju u Evropsku uniju.
More...
The paper examines the problem of the influence of self-government on regional development. We discuss the role of strategic documents and other programming activities and its impact on the basic economic indicators and the property of regions. The paper shows partial results of research of regional policy especially related to the property issues.
More...
Administrative costs of taxation are for many years investigated by the economic theory and practice. They are connected with the principle of effectiveness of taxation and the goal for any state is to collect taxes relatively as cheap as possible. The goal of this paperis to present our data about the administrative costs of taxation in Slovakia and to compare results with the situation in other developed countries. We decided to use the already existing and tested Czech methodology to calculate results, to be able to obtain comparable data. Our results suggest that the administrative costs of taxation in Slovakia, expressed by the percentage of costs to tax revenues, are higher than in almost all comparable countries – some actions to improve this situation would be necessary.
More...
Over the last few decades, a global revival of the Islamic economy is observed. Islamic economics and finance are not unusual terminology and philosophy at present. Since the last global financial crisis (2007- 2008), a great deal of attention has been paid to this issue by a number of scientists and specialists around the world. There is a striving to identify a new economic paradigm with the pretense of finding a solution to existing economic problems. Predominantly Islamic, but not only, scientists are arguing about the ability of the Islamic economy to turn into the political and economic science of finding the necessary solutions. The purpose of this publication is to point out facts and try to compare the contemporary Islamic economics to the other political economies.
More...
The paper presents the concept of the „silver economy” as an economic system related to population aging and underlines the features of this policy idea. The study first introduces the discourse and stages of constructing this system by international and national public policy actors in aging. Next, a critical analysis of the dimensions and areas of implementation and development of the silver economy as a policy concept was carried out as well as a review of its external and internal limitations. The conclusion contains proposals for further research directions.
More...
The full monetary union by 2000 was considered as a huge advancement in the European political and economic integration. Despite big oppositions to the ratification of common currency and to the monetary union in some countries, the “single currency and the monetary union” was finally ratified and enforced on 1 November 1993.
More...
In this study, we investigated the impacts of human capital and public expenditures on economic complexity. For this aim, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test was used. We used the data of 6 countries (Denmark, Finland, Austria, Italy, Sweden, England) among 15 European Union countries and the years from 2000 to 2015. In the study, 2 variables were preferred as the human capital indicator. Considering the secondary school enrollment rate to represent human capital, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between economic complexity and human capital. When the he ratio of highly educated labor force was applied to represent human capital, one-way causality from educated labor force to economic complexity was determined. Similarly, two variables were used to analyze the effect of government expenditures on economic complexity. The first one is the sum of government education and health expenditures. The second variable is total government expenditure. Results of the analysis showed that there is a one-way causality running from government expenditure to economic complexity for both variables. As a conclusion, it is seen that knowledge and education are important in exporting complex products. In addition, it can also be stated that authorities can contribute to economic complexity by increasing public expenditures. In sum, policies implemented in order to encourage human capital and increase public expenditures may positively affect the production and export of technology and knowledge-intensive products.
More...
In the globalizing world economy, a controlled free market mechanism dominates under the auspices of the state. This mechanism is based on an economic and political system in which property, commerce and industry are controlled by private owners rather than the state for profit. However, as seen during the COVID 19 pandemic process, the state needs to step in as a regulator in case the private sector loses its functions partially or completely due to economic, health, legal and security-related problems. On the other hand, macroeconomic theories are based on the development of a balance and sustainable policy at the point of meeting the endless needs of scarce resources. These macroeconomic theories are shaped in the light of liberal and socialist ideas. However, both liberal and socialist macroeconomic policy practices have been the subject of intense criticism in every period. In addition, as the economic and social developments in the world have gained a global dimension, Keynesian mixed macroeconomic models are gaining weight instead of purely liberal or socialist macroeconomic policies. Due to this importance of the subject, liberal and socialist macroeconomic theories are examined with a comparative analysis in this study. Thus, whether these theories are alternative, complementary or contradictory to each other has been evaluated within the framework of their common aspects and basic differences. These evaluations suggest making a conscious choice in the economic policy-making process. Since the subject has been comprehensively evaluated with a wide literature review and a descriptive evaluation in the study, it foresees to make an important contribution to the field.
More...
Considered as the ‘Heartland of the World’ by Mackinder, Central Asia has an essential influence on the power dynamics of the world. With the advantage of the revitalisation of the ancient Silk Road, Russia, United States of America, European Union, China and Turkey have different outcomes with their policy implications on the framework of complex interdependency. Due to the different bargaining powers, vulnerabilities and purposes of the states, each power has focused on the region in a different way. So, this paper aims to analyse the power dynamics on the region via revitalisation of the Silk Road on the concept of complex interdependency. Within the selected articles and journals, literature reviews for the theoretical framework and policy papers for the policy implications is used to deepen the analysis. To do so, the complex interdependency model will be analysed under three different aspects to explain its policy implications on the region, such as economic dimension, energy security section and human rights and democratization issues.
More...
Neoliberalna politička ekonomija promovira liberalni ideal građanke/ građanina i radnice/radnika kao nezavisne i samodostatne osobe. Iako liberalizam može, makar u teoriji, održavati više ili manje velikodušan sistem podrške za one koji moraju zavisiti od tuđe njege, neoliberalizam iscrpljuje takve sisteme i umjesto njih kreira slabe i kažnjavajuće politike. Osobe koje ne mogu “ispuniti” očekivanja, a mnogi od nas u nekom trenutku našeg života ne mogu, omalovažavaju se kao zavisne osobe i, s mogućim izuzetkom veoma mladih, podložne su stigmi i sramu. Osoba sa invaliditetom koja zavisi od njege drugih i osobe koje pružaju njegu postoje u ekonomskom, društvenom i političkom poretku koji potiskuje “neizbježne zavisnosti”1 u privatnu domenu i tjera svakog od nas da nosi ono što ću ovdje nazvati “teret (neizbježnih) zavisnosti” individualno, a ne kolektivno. Ovo stanje je pojačano u neoliberalnim političkim ekonomijama.
More...
Premda se koncept prekarnosti proteže daleko izvan Nizozemske–zapravo je postao svjetska pojava–počet ću sa jednim sjajnim primjerom iz te zemlje. On će ilustrirati jedan od fenomena o kojima ću detaljnije govoriti u globalnom kontekstu.
More...
U svojoj knjizi State of Insecurity: Government of the Precarious (Stanje nesigurnosti: vlada prekarnog), Isabell Lorey (2015) razlikuje tri verzije prekarnosti. U prvoj verziji postoji egzistencijalna dimenzija “prekarnog života” koji je postao poznat po istoimenoj knjizi Judith Butler (2004). Odnosi se na ranjivost svakog ljudskog bića, koja je ukorijenjena u ljudskoj tjelesnosti i smrtnosti, a povezana je sa brigom i reprodukcijom. Ova verzija prekarnosti poznata je etici brige i opisuje ljudsko stanje iz perspektive etike brige.
More...
U članku iz 2017. godine, Joan Tronto predlaže da učinkovita kritika neoliberalizma kao skupa političko-ekonomskih struktura, praksi i ideologija počinje zajedničkim poimanjem osoba “kao homines curans (brižnih ljudi)” (27). Kao što Tronto piše, “Neoliberalizam se otkriva kao ideologija suočena s etikom brige” (37). Zaista, mnogo je napisano o načinu na koji je neoliberalizam oblikovao “organizaciju resursa i odnose brige” (Hoppania i Vaittinen 2015, 77) i o tome kako povratak relacijskoj ontologiji koja podržava etiku brige, kao moralna i politička teorija, podrazumijeva temeljitu kritiku upravo tih društvenih, političkih i ekonomskih struktura i ideologija (npr. Casalini 2018; Hoppania i Vaittinen 2015; Robinson 2010, 2015; Tronto 2017). Relacijska ontologija stavlja odnos u prvi plan kao najznačajniju temu za moralno razmatranje, za razliku od atomističke ontologije koja privilegira pogled na subjekte kao autonomne agente. Ovo poglavlje doprinosi tom razgovoru istražujući kapacitet etike brige da se odupre neoliberalizmu i/ili posluži kao protuotrov za njega. To čini s posebnim fokusom na pitanje subjektivnosti u smislu pojma prekarnosti. Tvrdim da će robusnija teorija subjektivnosti, koja ima prekarnost u svom centru, pomoći etici brige time što će poslužiti kao teorijska polazna tačka s koje se može oduprijeti silama neoliberalizma.
More...
Ovaj projekt stavljanja brige i prekarnosti jedne naspram druge počeo je krajem 2018. godine. U godinama razvoja knjige koje su uslijedile pojavili su se novi i moćni izvori prekarnosti. Pogodila nas je globalna pandemija i izbili su rasni nemiri. Ti novi izazovi nisu umanjili druge postojeće prijetnje poput destruktivnih klimatskih promjena, rasprostranjenih nezdravih obrazaca prehrane, degradacije okoliša i nepravedne raspodjele bogatstva. Međutim, bolest uzrokovana koronavirusom 2019. godine (COVID-19) i svjetski protesti inspirirani pokretom Black Lives Matter (Životi crnaca su važni) stavili su nove slojeve prekarnosti u prvi plan. Analiza ovih novonastalih zabrinutosti naglašava esencijalnu premisu ove knjige: prekarijarnost života pogoršavaju individualistički i tržišno utemeljeni odgovori koji ne uspijevaju integrirati empatiju i brigu za ljude i prirodni svijet. Pregled evolucije nedavnih događaja otkriva koliki dio prekarnosti u svijetu je stvorio čovjek i koliko je se može spriječiti. U ovom posljednjem poglavlju ukazujemo na odgovor pun nade koji se zasniva na brizi.
More...
