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For Dolar, voice represents the primordial or animal aspect of the human being, zōē, or naked life. Speech, meanwhile, is understood as voice endowed with meaning. Considering the problem of voice, Dolar argues that zōē rubs against bios, i.e. political and social life. Zōē manifests itself in many areas of life; the primordial voice appears in contexts such as justice, education or religion. It also represents an integral attribute of rulers and dictators, who use their voice to create laws, or who enforce those laws into life. Voice is indispensable for logos and the written word. Therefore it is inexorably linked with social life; it exists between naked life and social life, between sound and speech.
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As well as human relations, occasional interstate affairs can also occur in negative aspects with events to be considered positively. The airplane crisis between Russia and Turkey has been a case in which we wish to see the effects of these second features and the conclusions of the consequences to be transformed into positive ones as soon as possible. In addition, the effects of the incident on the Turkish economy have been passed on, and trade relations have been briefly mentioned on the basis of countries. In this context, the data obtained from the two countries are compared with the screening and evaluation method. At the end of the research, evaluation was made considering the data before and after the crisis.
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Russian and Chinese leaders fear that the Western-backed revolts against the authoritarian governments of the Middle East might encourage similar resistance among their own people. Particularly, Russia and China worry about any military intervention of the Western countries in Syria although there has been no preparation for a military intervention and the USA has not decided on a military operation. Nevertheless, both Russia and China emphasize such a probability, alleging that Syria is to be a second Libya as result thereof. In this context, they have drawn two lessons from the military intervention in Libya: that the political transformation took an early start brought along chaos and calamity. In fact, the armed military interventions of the West in the Middle East have only induced destructive consequences.
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The aim of the article is to show the psychological roots of fundamentalism, which can be found in each type of the phenomenon, as well as analysis of fundamentalism, as a specific configuration of personality traits which can lead every worldview and ideology. Definitional basis for the fundamentalism is the psychological concepts, that relate to personality, cognitive style, refer to the prejudices, as well as to the concept of authoritarian personality and its constitutive characteristics. An author of the article asked about so-called “fundamentalist personality” (D. Motak) based on the diversity of the manifestations of this phenomenon and its correlation with the concepts of authoritarianism (E. Fromm, T.W. Adorno, S. Pfürtner, A. Künzli), dogmatism (M. Rokeach), intolerance and ethnocentrism. It also was taken into account psychological attitudes category (along with its emotional component, cognitive and behavioral), which was basis to presented fundamentalism
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The present paper analyzes the period in which Romania-Iran relations experienced the greatest development, from their beginnings until Nicolae Ceaușescu took power, both on a political and diplomatic level, and also on economic level. Until the abdication of the Iranian shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in 1979 as a result of the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution, there was an intense collaboration between the governments in Tehran and Bucharest, mostly supported by joint plans for the economic development of the two states. Nicolae Ceaușescu found in Iranian shah a discussion partner with similar views on economic investments, which contributed to the signing of numerous agreements for the industrial infrastructure development in both states.
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During the interwar period, the German interest in the Ukrainian issue remained constant and interfered with the Polish attitude and Romania's positioning towards the same common subject: geographical proximity to Ukraine and the existence of an independent Ukrainian state. Germany always looked to the east, showed aggression and sought to capitalize on the readiness of the Ukrainian emigration to be engaged in any possible approach that would have contributed to the unification of the Ukrainian population. For this purpose, plans were developed that also aimed at encouraging Ukrainian separatist movements.
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Sighisoara was the administrative center of Târnava Mare County during the interwar period. After the union of Transylvania with Romania, the number of Romanians increased considerably in the city overtaking the Saxons until 1941. The ideas of the parties were promoted by the local politicians in the political gatherings, in the electoral campaigns and through the party press. Many of the ideas were taken from the top of the party and the central press, but some of the themes were only of local interest. Since the Romanians were disputing their city administration with the Saxons, the political discourse has strong nationalist and sometimes anti-Semitic accents. Saxons were dissatisfied and understood that in the near future, they would lose the city administration and they considered that they were wronged because the Romanians gradually occupied more and more positions in the city administration. The language was quite acidic towards political opponents, which is why libel lawsuits were quite frequent, lawsuits initiated both by some and by others. In political speeches the main themes were the escape from poverty, the "friendship" of political opponents with foreigners and especially the Saxons and Jews.
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A case study in the sociology of sport on how after taking power in Russia in 1999 and consolidating it in the first half of the 2000s, Vladimir Putin wanted to achieve the organization of FIFA World Cup 2018 as a manifestation of his authority and power on the national and international stage. For this, Putin turned to his old colleague from the St. Petersburg mayor's office, from the 1990s, Vitaly Mutko, a skilled politician, involved in football in Russia, as well as to the oligarch Roman Abramovich. Russia submitted its candidacy for the organization of FIFA World Cup 2018 in 2009, simultaneously with the election of Mutko as a member of the FIFA Executive Committee, whose 24 members were to vote in 2010 to choose the organizing country. The good relations established by Putin, Mutko and Abramovich with FIFA President Sepp Blatter and the other members of the FIFA Executive Committee secured Russia the desired nomination on December 2, 2010. Putin flies to Zurich the same day to personally thank Sepp Blatter for the result of the vote. In the years following the vote, Sepp Blatter will be banned from football for irregularities, and in total more than half of the FIFA Executive Committee members who voted on December 2, 2010 to choose Russia as the host for FIFA World Cup 2018 will be accused of corruption.
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Since 2014, Gianni Infantino developed a special relationship with Russian president Vladimir Putin, although Infantino was aware of the violent actions attributed to Putin. In this relationship Infantino became friends with Putin and increasingly supported the Putin regime in its reprehensible activities. In return Infantino illegally received at least free flights on private jets belonging to individuals and entities controlled by the Kremlin. As UEFA general secretary Infantino left the Russian Football Union (RFU) unsanctioned when it seized three Ukrainian clubs in Russian-occupied Crimea from Ukraine in August 2014, even though RFU was due to be expelled from UEFA. As FIFA President Infantino intervened in 2017 to illegally keep Russian Deputy Prime Minister Mutko on the FIFA Council and unfairly fired Miguel Maduro, head of FIFA's Governance Committee after he declared Mutko ineligible. In 2018, FIFA led by Infantino sanctioned Croatian player Vida with a warning for saying "Glory to Ukraine" in a private video, but in 2019, after Infantino received the Order of Friendship from Putin and shouted "Glory to Russia", instead of being sanctioned like Vida, he was re-elected FIFA president "by acclamation". Although perceived worldwide as an ally of Putin, without ever condemning any reprehensible acts committed by Putin and without returning him the Order of Friendship, Infantino still remains at the head of FIFA, voted by all the presidents of the world's federations and associations, including by those from Ukraine, from all NATO countries and EU member states.
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In this study, we intend to reveal the modification of the identity of Bălți locality with the historical-political changes, so to achieve an evolutionary historical panorama of urban identity change. At the beginning, we synthesized all the theories that define the concept of "urban identity", in order to diachronically analyze the urban image of Bălți and to gather all the important components in the formation of identity: both those referring to natural elements (topography, climate, geology, location) and those referring to social identity (demographic structure, institutional structure and cultural structure) and to the human landscape, the artificial built environment, because the series of attributes identified with the city can add symbolic value to the identity of the Balti urban space, modified over time. Bălți has the most spectacular urban evolution compared to other localities in Bessarabia, starting from the uncertain hypostasis of a fair, it becomes an urban locality with a fragile identity, subordinated to the subjective factor, to the entrepreneurial spirit of Alexandru Panaite, the owner of the city; becoming the capital of a county, by chance, and a municipality. Over time, it changed its identity depending on the change of the political regime: tsarist, Romanian, Soviet, neocommunist, and urban function: commercial and economic communications center important for the northern area of the country, episcopal, industrial, university center.
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For a long time, the Indian subcontinent was under British rule, but more and more Indians fought for independence in the twentieth century, and the British were forced to renounce their rule. In 1947, the British offered independence to two different states, Pakistan and India, which provoked only violence, as the two peoples had lived together for a long period of time and were suddenly being made to choose a side according to their religion; thus began a time of death and sorrow. The traumatic experience of the partition of India from Pakistan is not only recorded by historians, but also by writers, and the current paper will present both the way in which this event is reflected by history and in novels.
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This article aims to present the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 as the main reason for the Bulgarian Catholic Pavlichians migration near Bucharest and the foundation of the Cioplea village - 1806 - 1813. It is underlined that for many centuries, Bulgaria's southern Danube territories have been a refuge for Pavlichian communities that have suffered over many centuries executions and deportations of population, oppression of Byzantine power and Ottoman occupation. Pavlichian communities with an ancient identity marked by conflict are descendants of the Paulician community of Armenians. From the seventh century AD, the communities of Pavlichians lived on the territories of the ancient fortresses of Philippopolis near Plovdiv and in the Nicopolis area. The Catholic communities of Bulgarian Pavlichians are mentioned since the seventeenth century, when the villages of the Pavlichians were visited by the Bosnian Franciscans conducted the missions of conversion the Pavlichians to Catholicism. In the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, Russo-Turkish wars involved the Catholic communities in the anti- Ottoman resistance struggle like the Ciprovets Uprising of 1688 event with changed the identity of these communities. The defeat of the Uprising of 1688 led to the destruction of communities in Ciprovets and to the migration of Pavlichian Catholics across the Danube into Craiove and Banat. In the nineteenth century, the aggression of the Ottomans, triggered by the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812, determined a second migration of the Catholics Pavlichians. Main of them, returned in Bulgaria, settled to the border area of Nicopolis-Shvistov, took refuge across the Danube, on the outskirts of Bucharest, founding a new community of Catholic Pavlichians: the village of Cioplea. The article analyzes the war that cause in the nineteenth century the second migration of Pavlichian Catholics from Svishtov-Nicopole, nearby Bucharest, in the 1806-1813 period. The article concludes that, under the pressure of Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812, the bulgarien catholic pavlichiens from Svishtov-Nicopole, were obliged to migrate once again in Romania, the reason for Cioplea Pavlicheans Community foundation.
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The present paper is probing the aspects that defined the German influence in Croatia, capturing some of the results of the subordinate politics in all aspects of the Reich and Italy. The Italian and German profiles governed the balancing policy of Croatia in favour of Germany for breaking away from the Italian friendship. Romania placed its destinies alongside Germany, these aspects being followed from the Romanian-German collaborations imposed by pacts, treaties, understandings and orientations within the Axis towards states that sought their covery of the territories taken over by Hungary in 1940.
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Prazne ulice i sablasni gradovi, policijski sat i karantena; zatvorene trgovine, restorani, škole i kazališta; zatvorene granice u većini zemalja; oko tri milijarde ljudi u lockdownu ili u nekoj vrsti izolacije; laserski termometri, geolokacijsko praćenje i masovni nadzor; stotine milijuna nezaposlenih radnika; vedro nebo nad nama, izvanredno stanje pod nama; stotine milijardi skakavaca roji se u prostranstvima Afrike i Azije hranjeno klimatskim promjenama; plamte najveći požari ikada zabilježeni u černobilskoj "Zoni isključenja", podudarajući se s godišnjicom nuklearne nesreće i trenutnom pandemijom; potresi i poplave; autoritarni kapitalizam i ekofašizam u porastu su u cijelom svijetu.
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