![The Party School of Social Sciences “A. A. Jdanov”, 1948-1958](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2011_21067.jpg)
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The present study aims to analyze the development of elementary and professional schools in "Golden Quadrilateral" of the Apuseni Mountains in relation to economic trends and developments in the region. Drawing on a variety of sources and statistical data of the time, the author analyzes the main stages of basic education development in the area, providing a comparative perspective to Transylvanian province as a whole. What can be concluded is that the development of local education was directly influenced by social and economic conditions of local communities, the laws and regional policies promoted by the state. The author's main conclusion is that if both elementary and the mining schools, had a beneficial although limited role, the educational process in the area has been always in a precarious situation caused by the lack of teachers and financial support and also by the poor interest of the children and their parents in the area for school education and training. The comparison made by author with other regions of Transilvania reveals that changes and developments in the number of schools, in general, regardless of their type, was not better here than in other regions of Transylvania.
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The Latinist education received by young intellectuals from Transylvania, through the Enlightenment ideas of the time and the contribution of the Transylvanian School left its mark on young George Coşbuc who, later, would make full use of his knowledge embarking upon a titanic work of translating from classical languages, especially Latin, translating into Romanian many works by Latin writers, such as: Vergilius (Georgics, Titirus) Terentius Afer (Parmeno or Eunnuchus) and Gaius Vallerius Cattullus (Book of Songs), or from the work Silesian poet Martin Opitz (Zlatna or the peace of mind). But none of them live up to the monumental Romanian translations of Vergilius's Aeneid, Coşbuc published in three successive editions (in 1896, 1898 and 1910, published by C. Sfetea bookstore in Bucharest).His great merit is to give Romanian readers an interpretation according to the metric of Vergilius’ original work in a time when this did not seem to be possible because philologists obstinately held that while Romanian is a language of rhythm, Latin had remained, par excellence, a prosodic language, which creates a mismatch. But Coşbuc’s translation was a success and his Eneida was recognized as an outstanding achievement at the time, being awarded the grand prize „Udrişte Năsturel” of the Romanian Academy in 1897. Therefore, critics recognized not only his major contribution to the enhancement of the Romanian cultural heritage through his genuine poetry, but also his prodigious activity as a translator of classic languages, especially Latin.
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Challenges and obstacles in the sphere of upbringing and education in Kosovo are marked primarily by socio-political conditions in 20th and 21st century. Thus the system itself as well as development of upbringing and education in Kosovo can be viewed from within three periods: the period of early beginning of development of modern school system, the period of the last decade when SAP Kosovo was a part of SFR Yugoslavia and the period after the war. The biggest minority communities in Kosovo today are: Serbs, Bosniaks, Turks and RAE (Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian) communities group. Even though some measures have been taken, no significant results have been achieved by the liable educational institutions in improvement of the conditions in the systematic education of these minorities. Despite the fact that it has been 15 years since the end of the war in Kosovo and that a number of strategies have been undertaken aiming to solve the issue of equality of minorities in education no significant results have been achieved.
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This article relates about the intellectual engagements and the revivalist ideas of Mehmed Handžić, one of the most remarkable scholars of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the first half of twentieth century, and this year marks the 70th anniversary of his passing away. Many authors have considered Mehmed Handžić and Džemaludin Čaušević to be the two supreme intellectual figures amongst BiH ullama in the first half of the twentieth century. Through his comprehensive engagements Mehmed ef Handžić identified himself with his people. In only sixteen years of his work in religious, education, cultural and humanitarian spheres as well as in academic research work he produced remarkable results. He wrote over three hundred titles (books, monographs, articles, textbooks etc.) related to all the fields of Islamic and Bosniak culture and tradition. In this article I intend to point out some segments of his revivalist engagement and mark a number of his ideas thereof. The primary aim in his revivalist ideas is a moral awakening of Bosnian Muslims. It can be established with a confidence that he was the most respectable representative of moderate traditional Bosnian ullama in the twentieth century.
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In order to construct a strong higher education system, China is transforming the ways of developing and enhancing higher education. A shift is made from extended development, which means the scale expansion, to the internal development that is on the core of quality improvement. In order to enhance the competitiveness in the international education service market, the main tasks for the future development of higher education in China are as follows: to improve the quality of higher education comprehensively; to accelerate the pace of creating world-class universities; to modernize the higher education governance; to improve the construction of modern university system; to encourage unique ways in development of higher education institutions; to promote the internationalization of higher education.
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The article discusses the development of the educational strategy in Athens during the 5-4th century B.C. in the changing social, political and cultural life in the ancient Greek police. The central function of political organisation in the police culture has considerably changed its significance during the period of interest and this has led to re-definition of the social responsibility of the citizens. An illustration of this shifts gives Isocrates conception of the role and meaning of civic education, which basic components are outlined in the article.
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The study deals with 17th and 18th century Jesuit school dramas from Bohemian lands that were played in Jesuit colleges at the end of the school year. This event was initially connected with awarding the best students and staging one play, performed by selected students from all the classes. By the 1670s, another practice prevailed in Bohemian, Austrian and Hungarian province: thenceforth, each class rehearsed a piece of their own. The main purpose of this article is to compare three tragedies written in the 50s of the 17th century by Arnold Engel (1620–1690) with some plays from the 18th century and to show, if and how the mentioned change is reflected in the structure of the dramas and in their style.
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When Lithuania regained its historical capital Vilnius in 1939, the government of the country decided to Lithuanize the Polish university, which operated there, and to transfer a part of faculties, students, and professors from Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University. Discussions started in the press on how to implement this idea. There were many different opinions both while planning and transferring the faculties. Even though the interests of Vilnius University were considered to be a priority in the country, VMU community defended the status of Kaunas as an academic city in the public space and expressed the belief in its future.
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The article analyzes various approaches to the definition of “competence”. The content of the notion “competence” is specified. The list of the competences of a family physician is considered and analyzed.
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After the 1921 plebiscite which led to the division of Upper Silesia and the need for the then II Polish Republic to create a self-governing (autonomous) Voivodship in the region, overcoming the results of Germanisation was one of the most important problems to be faced by those responsible for forming the state. The principles of shaping a modern public administration and earlier traditions of a well organised Prussian system, considerably influenced the Polish administrative model selected, imposing strict requirements for future Polish administrative staff. A legal environment had to be involved in the process of creating the framework of the Voivodship’s political system, while the Polish Constitution assumed the preference for clerks to be employed that were native to the region. Content-related and legal preparation of local staff was considered one of the most important factors at the time. This required the establishment of a Polish education system up to and including university level. The delay that occurred in creating such a systemwas largely due to the predominant German population in Upper Silesia. Other weakening factors included: social differences, lack of staff and tradition in university education in the region and local traits relating to the expected aspirations of children, or lack of; a dire situation that was further exacerbated by the appalling condition of the nation’s economy. Steps were taken to change all of this but the founding of a university with its universal idea, failed to materialise through the haze of local conditions and for all intents and purposes appeared to have been a lost cause. Eventually, and after a lapse of almost fifty years, the original idea finally reached fruition in 1968 with the founding of the University of Silesia in Katowice.
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The goal of this paper was to research and apply the concept of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) to Croatian regions and to identify particular strengths supporting innovation diffusion as a source of regional competitiveness. A system of indicators is envisaged, with the choice of RIS dimensions and indicators largely relying on Evangelista, Iammarino, Mastrostefano, and Silvani (2001). In total, 32 relevant regional indicators are grouped into three dimensions – Knowledge creation and dissemination, Firm innovation activity and Systems' performance. Regional heterogeneity is noted with respect to innovation capacities in the 2006–2010 period: North-West Croatia is leading in the diffusion of innovation, with overall RIS configuration most conducive to innovation activity; Central and East Croatia (CEC) has a distinct value chain in agriculture and low-technology industries and industries' needs for technological upgrading are resolved through external R&D (acquisition of licenses, patents and know-how), backed up by strong public financing; Adriatic Croatia is underperforming in innovation activity, given the advantages it has over CEC in important elements of systemic dimensions such as entrepreneurial and technological infrastructure and in scientific capacities. Policy implications are drawn from highlighted regional differences in innovation capacities and in sectoral structures.
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The author presents the image of Hungary in the 18th century on the base of the libraries for girls in France. And in the meantime the study presents the girl's education in the convents.
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This paper aims to present the mechanism of the integration of the “old” teaching staff, i.e. the teachers who gained their professional afϐirmation in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in the ϐirst years after the Second World War. Its starting point is the wider context in which the school was established as a state institution in the period of the formation of national states, i.e. the modern Serbian state. A signiϐicant part of the paper will deal with the attitude of the new communist government towards the teachers who obtained their degree in occupied Serbia and the teachers who got “negative characteristics” after the war, which was directly related to their “behavior” during the war and connection with certain collaborationist military formations or movements.
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Durch die ganzheitliche Förderung von Selbständigkeit, Streben nach Einsicht und Durchgeistigung des tätigen Daseins ist die pädagogische Vermittlung bereits funktional als eine künstlerische Aktion eingestuft. Insbesondere im Musikunterricht ist dies naheliegend, da der Gegenstand der Betrachtung die musikalische Kunst selbst ist. Ernst Irtel1, der siebenbürgische Musiker, hinterfragte während seines Wirkens nicht nur die Sinnzusammenhänge von Lied, Kammermusik und Sinfonie, sondern auch die Möglichkeiten einer unverzerrten Begegnung mit Musik und der damit verbundenen künstlerisch-intuitiven Förderung menschlicher Lern- und Verstehensprozesse.
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(West-)Germany had installed a special „German Commission for the System of Schooling and Education“. The Commission had presented its „General Plan for the Reorganisation and Standardization of the common public School System”. Habermas is analyzing the mind-set on which this “General Plan” has been based and the public debate in West-Germany.
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The available literature lacks detailed and reliable account of the origins of teaching Polish and publishing Polish schoolbooks in Brazil. Hieronim Durski’s book Elementarz… is the first and only bilingual (Polish and Portuguese) textbook written specifically for Brazilian schools. It is an extraordinary work, since it documents a language that no longer exists and attests to archaic forms both in Polish and Portuguese. The analysis of vocabulary from the textbook reveals that as early as towards the end of the 19th century many words of Portuguese origin have penetrated the Polish language in Brazil. Other interferences (semantic or syntactic) have also occurred. The study employs a contrastive method, i.e., establishing a set of contrastive features for the two bases (Polish along with it variants and the Brazilian Portuguese variant).
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The paper presents an excerpt from the ongoing research on teaching Polish in Czechia. Its main focus is to analyse the Polish language textbook Jazyk polský, published in 1958 and wrirren by Iza Šaunová, a teacher of Polish Studies in Prague. The paper discusses the structure of the publication, its content, and the teaching methods used. The analysis of all these elements leads to the conclusion that we are dealing with the first such publication in Czechia. It was comprehensive, and even today its fragments could still be used successfully in teaching. Thus, the presented textbook and its author provide insight not only into the history of teaching Polish in Czechia, but also into the Czech and Polish relations in the postwar times.
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