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ЕВОЛУЦИОНО-НЕУРОРАЗВОЈНЕ ОСНОВЕ РИЗИЧНОГ ПОНАШАЊА МЛАДИХ: СОЦИЈАЛНОПЕДАГОШКЕ ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Stefan Ninković,Tihomir Lazarević / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Adolescence is an evolutionarily-preserved developmental stage which is characterized by dramatic physical, hormonal, neurological, and behavioral changes. One of the basic characteristics of adolescence is an increased tendency towards participation in reckless and risk behavior. However, greater youth involvement in risk-taking, in comparison with adults and children, cannot be entirely explained by reckless disregard of risk, irrationality, the illusion of own invulnerability, or rather by the wrong perception of risky situations. In this paper, the risk behavior in adolescents is discussed from the perspective of two theoretical-empirical frameworks – social neuroscience and evolutionary biology. The first part of the paper explicates the necessity of de-dramatization of adolescence. In the second, central, part of the paper, the basic findings of neurobiological research on adolescence are presented, as well as the basic postulates of the evolutionary model of risk behavior in adolescents. Finally, the authors elaborate on the potential social-pedagogical implications of modern knowledge of adolescence. The presented conceptual framework enables the interpretation of what is already known about risk behavior in adolescents and, at the same time, provides new assumptions, suggests new research directions, and presents a unique platform for the creation of comprehensive preventive interventions.

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Ochrona życia i godności człowieka a postawy nieletnich obciążonych zarzutami dokonania zbrodniczych czynów zabronionych. Ogólne uwagi metodologiczne z obszaru diagnozy i projektowania systemowych oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych

Author(s): Tomasz Wach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The recognition of potentiality of interaction supporting disordered development (including granting an aid to social rehabilitation) requires attention also to a specific group of potential pupils/clients of specialized units – social rehabilitation and penitentiary institutions. It is referred to juveniles (minors, underage persons) who have committed criminal offenses or crimes - murders, beatings, rapes etc. These are the acts that traumatize victims in a special way. Unfortunately, the social life is not free of such burdens. There are still reports of such behaviors and one may want to ask the question of whether preventive and protective, as well as corrective impacts are effective. While studying the behavior of perpetrators of such acts, we encounter specific problems concerning both methodological (workshop) shortcomings, and related to social expectations (especially about the rapid reduction of the risk and the implementation of effective preventive actions towards perpetrators). The diagnostic practice combined with the analysis of the results of studies allows to express a number of comments and recommendations, including also certain doubts, which is the content of this article.

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ОСЕЋАЈ ПОРОДИЧНЕ КОХЕРЕНТНОСТИ КОД АДОЛЕСЦЕНАТА И РОДИТЕЉА

Author(s): Jelena Lj. Minić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2016

The paper is salutogenic oriented, based on the salutogenic approach to health, i.e. on the salutogenesis and the feeling of coherence, as an important resource in the developmental crisis, which affects the health preservation and movement of the individual toward the positive pole of the health-illness continuum. The conducted research aimed to determine the connection between the sense of family coherence in adolescents and and family sense of coherence in their parents. In the family sense of coherence the emphasis is on the family as a system, on perceiving the family as a comprehensible, manageable and meaningful system. The research tasks were: to determine the intensity and structure of family sense of coherence among adolescents and their parents, and at the family; to determine the average values on the Family Sense of Coherence among Adolescents and Parents; to determine the differences in the degree of congruence between the sense of family coherence among adolescents and their parents in relation to some socio-demographic variables (adolescents' gender, age and place of residence). The study sample consisted of adolescents of both genders, of 15 to 24 years old (n = 360;) and their parents (n = 720), the place of residence being Kosovo and Metohija and Central Serbia. The survey used: the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire for Obtaining Basic Data (constructed for the purposes of research) and the Family Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky & Sourani, 1988). The results show that the average value of the family sense of coherence (in whole and by its components) in adolescents, parents and at the family level are closer to the theoretical maximum. The obtained data also showed that there was a high positive correlation between the sense of family coherence of fathers and mothers, but no statistically significant correlation between the sense of family coherence in adolescents and sense of family coherence of fathers and mothers. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the degree of congruence between the family senses of coherence among adolescents and their parents in relation to: gender, age and place of residence.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CHECHEN YOUTH PROFESSING ISLAM AND EXPERIENCING MYTHOLOGICAL FEARS

Author(s): Grimsoltanova Razet Elbrusovna,Batygov Ziyaudin Osmanovitch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The article described the study of the relevance of the role and place of religious contents among young people in the postconflict areas of the South of Russia, the rate of experiences of mythological fear had been explored with the help of the survey, as well as individual psychological characteristics of subjects had been studied by methods of Eysenck, Schmieschek, J. Rotter and Taylor. Those representatives of the surveyed youth sample experiencing a high level of mythological fear could fall into the danger zone of initiation in the group of non-traditional religious sects, as well as come under extremists’ influence, since manipulation of consciousness and human behavior, depending on individual psychological characteristics and by using of mythological content, such as fear of possession by jinni, is most effective. The study was attended by representatives of Islam at the age of 19-21, divided by gender: 100 young men and 100 girls. The study was aimed at identifying individual personality characteristics of temperament, character accentuations, locus of control, the level of personal anxiety and the results of a content analysis of the survey done by the author of the article were identified in accordance with five scales. Results of the study revealed that about 80% of subjects experiencing a high level of mythological fears had the same peculiar correlation indices. In connection with the results of research, we had worked out and suggested a complex of psycho-pedagogical support consisting of four modules for the purpose of education, preventive and corrective activities with young people experiencing a high level of mythological fear (fear of possession by jinni).

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FAMILY INFLUENCE ON FORMATION OF CHILDREN'S MANIPULATIVE ATTITUDES

Author(s): Ryumshina Liubov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The article raises the issue of children's manipulation, and examines the conditions contributing to the formation of the manipulative attitudes. As such are analyzed: importance of these attitudes for the child, existence of manipulative attitudes in parents, family microclimate and position to the manipulations in society.According to the results of an empirical study, the characteristics of the family, provoking the development of manipulative behavior in children, are described. The members of this family hardly cooperate with each other and others, are focused on self-interests, and try to satisfy them without much effort, and by using the people around them. It is accompanied by the insincerity and lack of attention to the child, and most of all to his needs, feelings and emotional stress.

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EFFECTIVENESS AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING PSYCODIAGNOSTIC TASKS BY STUDENTS-PSYCHOLOGISTS WITH DOMINANCE OF DIFFERENT STYLES OF THINKING

Author(s): Sinchenko Tatiana Yurievna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The article is devoted to the experimental research of efficiency of solving psychodiagnostic tasks by the students-psychologists with different thinking styles. In the theoretical part a style of thinking as a determinant of successfulness is concerned. The hypothesis is the supposition that efficiency and ways of diagnostic tasks made by the students-psychologists are determined by a dominating thinking style. For the examination of the hypothesis the following methods were used: questionnaire “Styles of thinking” by Brams Harrison, the method of experiment (solution of 6 tasks from real consultative practice), content-analysis of protocols and correlation analysis by Ch. Spirman. The research has been done during some years with students of 4 and 5 courses in South-Russian Humanitarian Institute. The results are the following. Students-analysts are rather successful. They demonstrate good diagnostic process, put forward adequate hypothesis and choose adequate methods, but they don’t formulate recommendations. For the students-realists it is important to render support to the client and give feedback. The quality analysis showed that they are inclined to individual forms of work. Pragmatics are characterized by chaotic behavior, they don’t put forward hypotheses, offer standard methods. Idealists are the worst. They have difficulties in logics and formulating questions to the client. Synthetics on the whole display insufficient success, but they can solve the task correctly due to guessing or hypotheses. Synthetics operate with the methods poorly. Experimental data demonstrate that the thinking style often defines diagnostic search; variety and quality of put forward hypotheses, adequacy of choosing methods of research.

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THE PREREQUISITES OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN HUMAN ONTOGENY

Author(s): Irina M. Sozinova,Alexey A. Sozinov,Seppo J. Laukka,Yuri I. Alexandrov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Understanding the development of moral attitudes toward unrelated individuals from different social groups may provide insights into the role of biological and cultural factors in prosocial behavior. Children (3–11 years old, N=80) were presented with moral dilemmas describing a conflict of interests between a con-specific (human) and another species (animals or aliens). Participants were asked to evaluate the behavior of a human in terms of ‘good’ and ‘bad’, and to choose whom they would help: a human aggressor who benefits at the expense of a victim in vital need, or the victim. Results showed that the older children preferred to help non-human victims significantly more often than the younger children. The evaluation of human actions was related to the proportion of such preferences. These findings are discussed from the perspectives of kin selection theory, group selection theory and the system-evolutionary approach. The implications of the study for moral education are suggested.

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DIFFICULTIES IN MANIFISTATION OF PREDICTIVE THINKING OF PRESCHOOL SENIOR AGE CHILDREN WITH UNDERDEVELPMENT

Author(s): Vlada Pishchik,Galina Molokhina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The predictive abilities of children are little investigated in cognitive psychology. The results of empirical studies of predictive thinking of senior preschool age children with underdevelopment are presented. The sample group was 6-7 year old children attending kindergarten. There are 18 children with somatic, speech disorders. We used techniques: “Psychodiagnostic complex (PDC)”, the method of investigating the peculiarities of predictive activity; the method for diagnostics the level of development of verbal-logical thinking. We used the method of participant observation. We presented the data proving that children with a mental underdevelopment more often make mistakes in predictions and mistakes of distractions, elements alternating, strategies change, classification, which reduces their cognitive efficiency. The results demonstrate statistical relationships between the indicators of the ability to prediction, verbal-logical and visual-creative thinking in children of preschool age. Factors influencing the formation of mental abilities of children are discussed.

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Effects of Motivational Climate on the Development of Amotivation for Sport in Young Handball Players

Author(s): Jovana Trbojević Jocić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Motivation as a main driver of human behavior plays an important role in the daily life of the individual. Lack of motivation leads to a withdrawal from activities such as sports. Interpersonal relations in adolescence have a relevant role in the development of motivation, with motivational climate formed by significant others (ego oriented or task oriented motivational climate) that shapes the type of motivation. This study examines the predictive role of motivational climate in the development of amotivation in young handball players. The sample consisted of 26 handball players from Vojvodina, average age of 12 years, who trained handball at least one year. Of instruments we used Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ, Duda & Whitehead, 1998), and Sport Motivation Scale (SMS, Pelletier et al., 1995). Results of regression analyzes indicate that the motivational climate is a significant predictor of amotivation for sport (F(2)=5.93, p=.01) and that it explains 38% of variance. Ego-oriented motivational climate has singled out as an individual predictor of amotivation (β=.51, p=.02). The paper analyzes the practical and theoretical implications of the results.

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Regulatory focus and human values

Author(s): Johannes Keller,Rebekka Kesberg / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The present article connects two approaches to the study of human motivation and behavior: The Schwartz model of human values and Higgins’ regulatory focus theory. Considering a prominent model of human motivation – the Rubicon Model of Action Phases – reveals that although both approaches refer to goals and standards as crucial constructs, human values are specifically relevant concerning the so-called deliberation and evaluation phases whereas self-regulatory orientations are specifically relevant concerning the volitional phases (i.e., planning and action). It may be due to the selective focus on specific aspects of human motivation that up to date hardly any (empirical) work has tried to connect human values and self-regulatory orientations. The reported studies assessed the relation between the endorsement of values proposed in the Schwartz model of human values and individual differences in the two self-regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention) proposed in regulatory focus theory. Findings reveal that prevention-focused self-regulation is positively related to conservation values (security, conformity) and negatively related to values reflecting openness to change (stimulation, self-direction). Moreover, promotion-focused self-regulation was positively related to self-enhancement values (power, achievement) and negatively related to values reflecting self-transcendence (universalism, benevolence). In addition, the observed relations were found using different instruments to measure human values and self-regulatory orientations. In combination, the observed findings support the proposed two-dimensional structure of the value system as well as fundamental assumptions of regulatory focus theory.

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Relation Between the Quality of Family Relations of Students and Selected Field of Study

Author(s): Milica Tošić Radev,Dušan Todorović / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

Early experience, forms of behaviour that parents expressed towards a child and the family environment in which a child grew up have a significant effect on the formulation of attitudes, needs and interests that later on influence professional orientation and the choice of occupation (Roe, 1956). The research was conducted on a sample of 448 students from 6 different faculties and attempt to examine the possible connection between the quality of family relationships of the student and his/her professional interests, evaluated through education type, i.e. through selection of the field of study. The quality of family relationships were operationalized by the Family quality of interactions scale - KOBI (Vulić - Prtorić, 2004). The results indicated differences in the expression of family dimensions between students of different faculties. The students of detached, technical sciences have a weaker feeling of having their mother’s acceptance, while the individuals from the group of students with the strongest feeling of rejection from both parents choose the field of psychology for their studies. Our results indicate the existence of differences between the subsamples of students in their experience of the family that go beyond gender differences, and suggest the need for further, more detailed research which could discover deeper, inner initiators that guide an individual’s choice of profession.

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Stress management in enterprise: implementation features and ways of development

Author(s): Oleh Kuzmin,Olha Melnyk,Mykhailo Honchar,Volodymyr Zhezhuha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Our paper makes a case for the development of a theoretical statement of stress management implementation and improvement in the sphere of business enterprise, as a separate area of scientific investigation with its own investigatory goals.Achievement of the stated goal was achieved through application of system approach, morphological analysis, grouping, ordering, analysis and synthesis.Stress management in enterprises should be a separate direction of scientific research, as it has its own investigatory goal: undesirable deviations in management activity, causes of appearance, distribution, and ways of prevention, elimination or minimization of negative consequences. Moreover, stress management in enterprise as science and area of activity requires formulation of a concept that would give an opportunity to describe and explain existing facts and occurrences related to undesirable deviations. It would also become an integral part of the development of future management tools. The stress management tool is determined by undesirable deviations in management activity. The concept of stress management in enterprise is not identical to the concept of crisis management. The stress management base is an operative management measure.The theoretical and applicative value of the conducted research concerns substantiation of stress management, understanding value as separate scope of activity, and scientific investigation.

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EDUCATIONAL POLICIES AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Author(s): Aleksandra Karovska Ristovska,Biljana Karovska Andonovska,Natasa Stanojkovska Trajkovska,Sofija Georgievska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Educational policy for children with intellectual disability in Republic of Macedonia is not always consistent with the practical implications. The subject of this research was to gain an insight into the current condition of the persons with intellectual disabilities in Macedonia, before all an insight into the barriers that they are facing in their attempts to access educational information and services. This was done through conducting a qualitative (desk-top analyses of the national legislations; semi-structured interviews with parents of persons with intellectual disabilities and focus groups with relevant stakeholders) and a quantitative research (quality of life research for the disabled persons). In the research a total number of 213 examinees were included. As in many other cases, and in many other countries, policy and practice are not always coherent. Legislation in the area of education in our country has to be modified and accommodated to the needs of the persons with disabilities and their parents or care-givers. The final conclusion from our research is that the persons with ID are still on the margins of society, and they lead everyday battles to prove that their needs must be taken into consideration in context of their human rights. Although awareness for the importance of the rightful treatment of this problem is not on a satisfactory level, still we can notice a shift in perception and liberation of prejudice.

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STYLES OF DECISION MAKING AND MANAGEMENT AND DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS

Author(s): Anita Azeska,Jasmina Starc,Lupco Kevereski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper explores preference to the style of decision making (managerial, analytical, conceptual and behavioural), (Alan Rowe, 1992), management styles (relationship-oriented leadership and management by objectives), (Fiedler, 1987) and personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism), (Eysenck, 1998). The convenience sample of 61 respondents (principals of primary and secondary schools from Macedonia) were subjected to decision making style inventory (Decision Style Inventory - DSI) of 20 claims, a questionnaire to assess the management style (Least preferred coworker - LPC) composed of 18 bipolar adjectives, and a personality test (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - EPQ) composed of 90 items in the form of questions. Results show that schools lean towards directive style of decision making with a combination of democratic-participatory style that includes subordinates in the process of decision making. The results also demonstrate that school principals prefer management style motivated by relationships; they are more introverted and emotionally stable. The findings indicate a necessity for a new generation of managers who will be different from the traditional managers. It is evident that the future will require managers with leadership styles different from the traditional in Republic of Macedonia. Given that the school is a basic organisational cell on which the educational system of the country is based, the proposed findings present an occasion for developing new ideas and practices that may yield great results. This would increase the flexibility and adaptive capacity of the school as a modern organisation. Thus, these findings have practical implications as they may direct special training of principals in order to apply the best management style, or style that is most appropriate for certain situations, certainly through coordination of the desired profile of the principal and the business strategy, development and maturity of the organisation.

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Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Aggression on Boxers

Author(s): Hande Baba Kaya,Muhsin Hazar,Malik Beyleroğlu,İhsan Sarı,Atike Yılmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2017

Emotional Quotient is defined as the ability to perceive, use, manage and understand the emotions, which is associated with the better psychological adjustment. Analyzing studies in the literature, an inverse relationship was observed between emotional quotient and aggressive behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study is examining the relationship between emotional quotient and aggression on boxers. This study is important for the boxers. That is why emotion management has a great role for the success in the ring. Boxing sport is based on the technical implementation. During the game boxer must control the emotions, which push him to the aggression. If emotions are not able to control during the game, anger and aggression will prevent the success. The findings of this study will demonstrate the relationship between the sports environment and emotional intelligence, in particular inferences to be made about the boxer. The sample of their search consists of 200 boxers who do sports in the districts of Eskişehir, Zonguldak, Bolu, Bursa, Ankara, Sakarya, Gaziantep and Antalya in Turkey. In this study, variation of demographic characteristics are determined Personal Information form, Bar-on Quotient Scale to determine the emotional quotient [Bar-On 1997; Acar, 2001], and Aggression Inventory were used which was developed by Kocatürk [Kocatürk, 1982]. The relationship between emotional quotient and aggression were analyzed Pearson product moment correlation coefficients. The function of emotional intelligence explanation for aggression was tested by stepwise multiple regression analysis. According to findings of the research have meaningful negative relationship between aggression and all dimensions of the emotional quotient. In addition, coping with stress and interpersonal relationships significant size aggression scores (R2 = .26, F (2,197) = 34,252, p <.001) were found to explain. As a result, boxer aggression in terms of emotional intelligence can be expressed as a factor.

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Пристрасно срце и/или рационални ум? Идентификација са странком, политичко знање и изборна излазност

Author(s): Zoran Pavlović,Bojan Todosijević / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2018

This paper aims at analysing the relationship between positive and negative party identification and political knowledge, as well as their interplay in regard to electoral turnout. The data from the Serbian 2012 post-election public opinion survey on the nationally representative probability-based sample of voting age citizens were used (N = 1568). The data show that political knowledge is significantly and positively correlated both with positive and negative party identification. Citizens who are more knowledgeable and positively identified are also more likely to vote. However, it is shown that the influence of political knowledge on electoral turnout is moderated only by positive party identification. Political knowledge significantly predicts turnout only in the group of citizens without positive party identification. Being negatively identified with a political party does not modify the relationship between political knowledge and turnout. The results are discussed in terms of the Michigan model of party identification and cognitive mobilisation thesis. The roles of affective and cognitive motivation in electoral participation are additionally stressed and debated.

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SOCIAL RANK STYLES, MACHIAVELLIANISM AND THE ATTITUDE TOWARD CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION

Author(s): Anja Mitić,Ivana B. Petrović,Veljko Đurić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Conspicuous consumption describes signalling of one’s buying power in order to impress others and secure and/or preserve a favourable place in a social hierarchy. The current study, involving 200 junior and senior high school students from Serbia, examined inclination for lavish spending on brand name clothes in relation to social dominance. Our aim was to examine a predictive relation-ship between an exploitative interpersonal strategy (marked by Machiavellianism, Leadership, and Ruthless Self−Advancement), and the attitude toward conspicuous consumption. Our respond-ents with high esteem of power, emanating from the principal po-sition within a group, and prone to Machiavellianism and Ruthless Self−Advancement, had a positive attitude toward conspicuous consumption (an indirect measure of the actual behaviour). Al-though one’s attitude toward conspicuous consumption is likely to be multifaceted, our findings suggest that a positive attitude to-wards conspicuous consumption may be an accompanying ingre-dient of the opportunistic and calculating life strategy. The results indicate that conspicuous consumption is most likely embedded in the social ranking processes.

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REPREZENTAREA SOCIALĂ A FAMILIEI CONTEMPORANE DIN PERSPECTIVA DIFERENŢ ELOR Î N CEEA CE PRIVEŞ TE NIVELUL EDUCAŢIEI (studiu realizat î n contextul social ş i cultural din Republica Moldova)

Author(s): Daniela Cazacu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2018

The family (still) is one of the fundamental values that can contribute to the stability of society. Family psychology and couple psycho-socialists suggest that in the contemporary society the representations of concepts relating to romantic and premarital relationships, marriage, family, or couple life are very diverse and often erroneous. The main variable that is taken into account in this research is the level of education, starting from the premise that in the Republic of Moldova this variable diff erentiates the universe of the family social representation.

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CAPACITĂȚI DE COMUNICARE NONVERBALĂ IMPLICATE ÎN MANAGEMENTUL IMPRESIEI: (rezultatele cercetării experimentale în mediu organizațional)

Author(s): Lucia Bîtca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2018

Human being is created to live in the community. Therefore he needs ways of interacting with other peers. Individuals communicate through both intentional and unintentional gestures they make, body language and facial expression. Nonverbal communication is the most developed form of communication, because it requires certain studies to understand and is deciphered in the same way by everyone. Register nonverbal is a colossal importance in human communication due to its considerable wealth and the speed with which convey ideas and emotions especially. Experts argue that the veracity of nonverbal communication surpassed the verbal communication, and that varies signifi cantly depending on the person or social group.

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RELAȚIA DINTRE SINGURĂTATEA LA LOCUL DE MUNCĂ ȘI COMUNICAREA LA ANGAJAȚII IT

Author(s): Sergiu Sanduleac,Natalia Martîniuc / Language(s): Romany Issue: 3-4/2018

This article reveals the problem of loneliness at the workplace, especially in IT workers in relationship with communication skills and sociability. The study highlighted that IT workers are predisposed to loneliness, and that there is a relationship between loneliness, its components and communication abilities. The study has made it possible to point out that IT collaborators who are not aff ected by loneliness have the desire and the ability to establish contacts, relationships, friends, and the opportunity to support them, while those who feel loneliness in diff erent types of relationships manifest sociability reduced, being distant, reserved, and the form of loneliness experimented by young people in the IT workers under all its manifestations depends on the adopted style of communication.

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