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Efekat boje pozadine i osvetljenja na opaženu svetlinu

Author(s): Sunčica Zdravković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2007

Four experiments attempted to establish an effect of context on lightness. Lightness is one of the dimensions of color and it varies from black to white. Most of our stimuli were inspired by simultaneous lightness contrast illusion. First two experiments contrast the size of an effect produced by the change of background color vs. the change in illumination. The third experiment deals with different type of illusions, where the effect is obtained through the appearance of multiple illumination levels. The last experiment takes into account the ratio of the target and the background. The results reveal the size of effects produced separately by the background color and illumination level and suggest the prime importance of background. Also there are other factors such as reflectance range in the scene, incremental and decremental targets, and 2D vs. 3D representation.

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Povezanost percepcije sigurnosti posla i zadovoljstva aspektima posla sa kontraproduktivnim radnim ponašanjima

Author(s): Ivana Strizović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

The research was conducted in order to determinate organizational factors that contribute to the development of counterproductive working behaviors. In accordance with the Self-determination Theory, as well as on the basis of previous research results, it was assumed that the perception of greater job uncertainty will be in a positive relation with counterproductive work behaviors. Also, this research assumed that job satisfaction will be in a negative relationship with counterproductive work behaviors, with satisfaction with colleagues and superiors being the most important predictors of counterproductive working behaviors. The survey involved 233 employees, who differed in socio-demographic variables, as well as in type of employment. The results showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviors, while the assumption of the existence of statistically significant correlation between the frequency of the manifestation of counterproductive work behavior and the perception of job security has not been confirmed. Although the obtained results confirm the importance of organizational factors in explaining counterproductive working behaviors, these factors explain only a small part of the variance of these behaviors. Future research should use the interactionist approach according to which the expression of counterproductive working behaviors can best be predicted if personality traits of employees and characteristics of the organization are known.

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Gender as Moderator and Age as Mediator Variables in Prediction of School Adjustment by Self-Evaluted Symptoms of ADHD

Author(s): Tena Velki,Gabrijela Vrdoljak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The aim of the research was to examine the moderating role of gender and the mediating role of age in predicting the school adjustment by self-evaluating the symptoms of ADHD. The study included 501 students from higher grades of primary school, out of which 50.7% were boys, and the average age was 12.72. They completed Hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention Scale, Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children, and were given some general information. Research showed that gender had only main effect on the school success, meaning that being female predicted a better school success. Age had completely mediating role for symptoms of hyperactivity and a school success (i.e., as the students’ age increases, there is no correlation between hyperactivity and the school success), and a partial mediating role for symptoms of inattention and both measures of school adjustment (i.e., as the students’ age increases the correlation among symptoms of inattention and academic self-efficacy and school success become weaker).

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Podložnost vršnjackom pritisku i samopoštovanje kod studenata

Author(s): Marija Lebedina-Manzoni,Martina Lotar-Rihtarić,Neven Ricijaš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2008

Peer influence is inevitable and important part of growing up, one's identity development and forming behavioral habits. Peer relations become more important during the adolescence and there is an increasing need for an adolescent to do what his/her peers are demanding from him/her. Peer pressure can be defined as group influence through rewards to those who conform to group norms and/or sanctions to those who resist them. The aim of this paper is to determine domains of the highest and the lowest susceptibility to peer pressure, compare results of peer pressure of undergraduate students with high school students, examine gender differences and explore relation between students’ susceptibility to peer pressure and self-esteem. The research has been conducted among 654 undergraduates from University of Zagreb, 47% male students and 53% female students. Two questionnaires have been applied: Peer pressure questionnaire and Self liking competence scale (SLCS; authors Tafarodi i Swann, 1995). The highest susceptibility to peer pressure was demonstrated in the areas regarding forming self-image through judgement of relevant others in our surrounding. The lowest susceptibility to peer pressure is experienced at manifested risk behavior, especially sexual behavior. Susceptibility to peer pressure is more expressed among high school students comparing to undergraduates’ sample. According to gender, male respondents have shown more significant experience of peer pressure in manifested risk behavior. Correlation between susceptibility to peer pressure and self-esteem was unexpectedly low.

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ИНДЕКС НА БРУТНОТО НАЦИОНАЛНО ЩАСТИЕ - МЕТОДИКА И АНАЛИЗ НА РЕЗУЛТАТИ ОТ ЕМПИРИЧНО ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ

Author(s): Atanas Luizov,Diana Sabotinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02 BG/2019

The measurement of happiness is a subject of interest for researchers in various fields such as psychology, sociology, and economics. There are different approaches to operationalizing and measuring happiness - both individual and multidimensional measures are applied. One of the measurement approaches is through the Gross National Happiness Index, a methodology developed by the Center of Bhutan Studies. The Index is a multidimensional measure that can be used to generate policyrelevant insights and analyses that allow its practical application. This publication presents the results of an empirical study conducted in Bulgaria using an adaptation of the Center of Bhutan Studies methodology. The index consists of nine districts with a total of 23 indicators. The calculation of the Index is based on the Alkire-Foster method for measuring multidimensional concepts such as poverty, well-being, and inequality. The results of the analysis show a relatively small proportion of respondents who can be described as "happy". The study outlines several areas for future research to improve the methodology for measuring the Gross National Happiness Index.

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Testing the Model of Psychological Flexibility in the Serbian Cultural Context: The Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire

Author(s): Dragan Žuljević,Nikolija Rakočević,Igor Krnetić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this study was to examine the theoretical model of psychological flexibilityproposed by creators of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. To do this, we investigated thestructural and convergent validity of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II, translatedinto the Serbian language. The study was performed on 1781 Serbian speaking adults. Bymethods of robust confirmatory factor analysis, two models have been tested. The best fit wasachieved with the data-driven model constructed by adding three pairs of correlated residualsto the original hypothesized model of latent structure. This model demonstrated it`s structuralinvariance across samples divided by gender and by previous experience with servicesprovided by mental health professionals. Excellent convergent validity of the scale wasdemonstrated through adequate correlations with indicators of subjective well-being, styles ofemotional regulation, and coping strategies. Our findings suggest that the Serbian adaptationof the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II is a valid and reliable measure of behavioralavoidance, implicating that the construct of psychological flexibility has been demonstrated asconceptually similar to those previously found across various languages and cultural contexts

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ELEMENTE JUNGIENE ÎN CREAŢIA PINEI BAUSCH (1940-2009)

Author(s): Geta-Violeta Răvdan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2018

Haunted by the shadow of the Nazi horrors, the creation of Pina Bausch is characterized by specific elements of the theories of psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung. Through evacuation mechanisms, Pina attacks subliminal Fascist psychology aimed at annihilation of the individual Self. If in her first performances she creates through the individual memory of her performers, over the time, she will appeal to universal human memory and collective consciousness. In her creation there are also other characteristic Jungian features: the death of being, numinosity, the principle of paradoxical logic.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUALISTIC VALUES AND OPTIMISM: A STUDY OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN BULGARIA

Author(s): Maria Karaivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Aim. A quantitative study on generational differences showed a decrease in optimism among the young generation (Karaivanova, 2016). The present work aims to study in detail the relationship between individualistic values, self-esteem, and optimism among the Millennial generation. Optimism is a general expectation for positive results and positive events in life (Radoslavova & Velichkov, 2005). Method. A sample of 204 respondents from 20 to 35 years old voluntarily filled in a survey containing scales measuring individualistic values, self-esteem, and optimism. The relationship between these variables was tested using regression and mediation analyses. The results were processed using the statistical software SPSS, version 22.0.0.0, and the lavaan application in R Studio. Results. The theoretical model created and tested in this study proved to have good explanatory power for the dependent variable optimism explaining one-third of its variance and gives significant clarity on the relationship between individualistic values, self-esteem, and optimism for the young generation in Bulgaria. Conclusion. Individualistic values turned out to predict self-esteem. The more individualistic a person is, the higher they perceive their competences and social image. At the same time, being individualistic, i.e. being open for change and following one’s own interests does not make young people look more optimistically towards the future and believe in the solution of every problem they encounter. Individualistic values have a positive mediated effect on optimism with self-esteem as a mediator. Having strong self-confidence makes young people have positive expectations for the future.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL IDENTITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Author(s): Sabrije Tefiki / Language(s): English Issue: 13-14/2020

The main purpose of the research is predictive with what we have tested hypotheses that predict the link between social identity and psychological well-being at high school students in Tetovo. The main problem of the research is to determine if there is a correlation between social identity and psychological well-being components at high school students. The sample of the study consists of 102 students of 8 high schools in Tetovo, of which 77 are female and 22 are male. We have measured social identity with About me Questionnaire with 29 items, and psychological well-being is measured with Ruff scale for psychological well-being with 42 items. The research confirmed that there is an average correlation between social identity and psychological well-being and this correlation is significant in 99% of cases.

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Serbest Zaman Doyumunun Mutluluk Üzerindeki Etkisinde Cinsiyetin Düzenleyici Rolü

Author(s): Pınar Güzel Gürbüz,Özge Yavaş Tez,Melike Esentaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 04/2020

It was aimed to reveal whether moderator role of gender in the effect of leisure satisfaction on happiness existed which would be acquired from the experiences of domestic tourists regarding leisure activities they participated after buying packet tours from the tour operators operating in tourism regions of Turkey. Accordingly, the research included a total of 340 participants. In order to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants, the Leisure Satisfaction Scale and the Oxford Happiness Scale were applied along with the personal information form. As a result of the analyses, it was found that there was a causal relationship between leisure satisfaction and happiness and the p-value was statistically significant. On the other hand, as a result of moderator impact analysis, it was determined that there were significant differences in terms of females and males in the relationship of “leisure satisfaction-aesthetics and happiness” and in the relationship of “leisure satisfaction-relaxation and happiness”.

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Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinde Aktif Çalışan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Ölüm Kaygısı ile Dini Başa Çıkma Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Mebrure Doğan,Faruk Karaca / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2021

There have been various periods experiencing the extraordinary cases such as pandemics, earthquakes, and droughts during the history of humanity. Covid-19 pandemic period is one of them when humanity experiences helplessness. When people encounter such cases increasing their levels of anxiety, activating their death anxiety, and falling outside their power, they use religious coping despite changing in its frequency depending on types and levels of belief. The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between levels of death anxiety and religious coping of the health staff struggling with the pandemic in the frontline. A total of 227 health staff voluntarily took part in this study conducted for this aim, and the data were collected via Internet. Consequently, in the study, it was detected that death anxiety of actively working health staff during the covid-19 pandemic were medium while their positive religious coping were higher than medium and their negative religious coping were lower than medium. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was detected that there was a statistically significant negative relationship between death anxiety and positive religious coping and negative religious coping, additionally there was positive relationship between death anxiety and subjective religiosity perception.

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Sense of Balance in Indian Conceptualisation of Psychological Well-being

Author(s): Joseph Jeyaraj Swaminathan,Giuseppe Crea,Zbigniew Szczepan Formella / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The concept of psychological well-being (PWB) engages the attention of those who live in the Global North, as well as those in the Global South. Similar to the Western concept of PWB, its Indian conceptualisation too, has a long history dating back to at least 3,000 years. This article accentuates that, in India, a ‘sense of balance’ (sama in Sanskrit) is an overarching principle that guides ecological, social, and personal well-being. This sense of balance is discussed in the exposition of concepts, such as hedonia and eudaimonia, which are found in both the Western and Indian concept of PWB. Major differences include the collectivist nature of Indians, their emphasis of spirituality and their belief that suffering and happiness are two dimensions of a single reality. Through a comparative narrative method, it is evidenced that Indian constructs, namely, Sama, Dharma, Sattva, Rajas and Tamas resonate meaningfully with universal principles, such as ethical living, social commitment, and spiritual awareness. In short, Indian conceptualisation of PWB holds that it is holistic, integrated, and balanced. An extended prospect of this sense of balance is its appropriateness in enabling people to achieve ecological balance, irrespective of their cultural affiliations.

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Is Digit Superiority Indispensable with regard to Short Term Memory Span?

Author(s): Şengül Erdoğan,Dilara Doğan,Banu Cangöz Tavat / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2021

It is known that digits have a positive effect on the performance of short term memory (STM) span and it is called the digit superiority effect. This study aims to examine the effect of familiar stimuli (digits, colors, digit names, color names, and words) on STM span. In order to measure STM capacity, a memory span task was used including the digit, word, and color span lists. 91 participants (44 female, 47 male) aged between 18-27 (M = 21,43, SD = 1.50) participated in the study that consisted of three different experiments. Results of Experiment 1 revealed that there was a significant difference between the digit name and word with regard to span size and total span. In Experiment 2 and 3, the main effect of familiar stimulus type on total span and span size was significant, and also the difference between all types of stimuli was significant (Experiment II, digit name>word=color name; Experiment III, digit>digit name>color name>color). The common result obtained from all experiments is that digits are superior with regard to STM span than other familiar stimuli types such as words, color names, colors. This study confirmed that digit superiority effect is indispensable on verbal and visual STM span.

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Öğretmenlerde Çözüm Odaklı Düşünme İle Mutluluk İlişkisinde Sürekli Umut ve Yaşam Doyumunun Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Fuat Aydoğdu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The aim of this study was to test a model to determine the mediating effect of dispositional hope and life satisfaction in the relationship between solution-focused thinking and happiness in teachers. The sample of the research is composed of 786 teacher 479 of whom are women and 307 of whom are men working at the preschools, primary schools, middle schools, high schools and Guidance Research Center's in Muş and its districts. The data are accumulated via The Solution-focused Inventory, Dispositional Hope Scale, Satisfaction With Life Scale and he Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short-Form. The recommended model within the research was tested with structural equation modeling and it was confirmed via acceptable model fit indices. In the model, in regard of the relationship between solution focused thinking and happiness, role of partial mediation of dispositional hope and life satisfaction with the men and whole mediation with the women was detected. In these terms it has been determined with the research that the level of solution focused thinking of teachers is a determiner on the levels of hope and life satisfaction and these two are significant determiners on happiness. The indirect effect between solution focused thinking and happiness, which has been detected within the model is significant.

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Percepcija generacijskih razlika u poslovnom ponašanju pripadnika generacija X i Y

Author(s): Ana Pećanić,Irena Miljković Krečar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12/2021

An overview of the existing literature implies the conclusion that the characteristics and tendencies of particular generations are significantly different, leading to misunderstandings in business communication. In this paper, 144 employees, members of Generation X and Y, were surveyed with the aim of identifying the preferred forms of communication and the frequency of mutual misunderstandings. Mutual perceptions of different aspects of work behavior, derived from previous research were also examined. The results show a high degree of consistency between Generation X in the perception of Generation Y, mostly in the direction suggested by previous research. Most of those perceptions were also noted by the majority of Generation Y, but with a noticeably lower degree of consensus. Differences in preferred forms of communication were also found, with Generation X preferring oral communication, which is possible to link with the finding that this generation is less likely to experience communication misunderstandings than Generation Y.

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Boşanma ve Boşanma Sonrası Uyum: Tanımlar, Modeller ve Uyumun Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Başak Öksüzler Cabılar,Adviye Esin Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Divorce is a stressful life transformation process that includes the post-divorce stage as well as the stages of decision making and divorce proceedings. This process affects almost all areas of life and causes many changes in living conditions. On the one hand, the divorced individual confronts the reality of the divorce and realizes the intense emotions and changes to deal with. On the other hand, the individual focuses on his/her transition to a new identity and lifestyle. Current statistics reveal the increase in divorce rates both in the world and in our country. Therefore, it seems important to consider the divorce process in terms of adjustment. There are many approaches to examine divorce and post-divorce adjustment process. Although these models differ in explaining post-divorce adjustment, all of them consider adjustment as a part of the divorce process. Thus, this review study has several purposes. First of all, current divorce rates and effects of divorce in legal, economic, social terms and in terms of psychological and physiological health will be included. Then, divorce and post-divorce adjustment models and assessment of adjustment will be explained. It is believed that a comprehensive review of divorce and post-divorce adjustment would facilitate divorced individuals to access appropriate information and support. Besides, correct understanding of the process regarding divorce and divorce-adjustment will be useful for further studies.

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Cross-cultural validity of the psycho-social aspects of Facebook Use (PSAFU) scale

Author(s): Tamara Jovanović,Bojana Bodroža,Lisa Orchard,Kermani Hossein,Silvia Casale,Giulia Fioravanti,Ivan Buljan,Darko Hren / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The Psycho-Social Aspects of Facebook Use (PSAFU) scale was developed by Bodroža and Jovanović (2016) to comprehensively measure psychological and social aspects of the users’ Facebook (FB) experiences i.e. compensatory use of FB, self-presentation on FB, socializing, and seeking sexual partners through FB, FB addiction, and FB profile as the virtual self. The scale was previously validated on two Serbian samples. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the PSAFU scale across multiple cultures, i.e. develop a version of the scale that would be suitable for the cross-cultural study of FB behaviors. The sample consisted of 1.632 respondents from Croatia, Italy, Iran, Serbia, and the UK. Administered questionnaires consisted of the PSAFU scale (Bodroža & Jovanović, 2016), the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al., 1991), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16 (NPI-16; Ames et al., 2006), socio-demographic, and FB use questions (e.g., time spent on FB on a daily basis, frequency of posting, and number of FB friends). After some modifications and exclusion of the Virtual Self scale, the results of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis show that the PSAFU scale is cross-culturally invariant for the cultures included in this study and suitable for use in them. The remaining dimensions of revised PSAFU scale (PSAFU-R) have statistically significant relationships with measured personality traits and with indicators of FB use, although considerable cross-cultural variations were obtained.

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Belief in Information Conspiracy and Personality Traits of Generations X and Y

Author(s): Vlada Igorevna Pishchik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article presents the results of comparing the belief in information conspiracies in connection with personality traits among representatives of Generations Y and X, nationalities – the Russians and the Kumyks. We call information conspiracies those that are presented in the information space and are presented as close to reality. Therefore, users who get acquainted with information conspiracies do not doubt and believe in them. The sample was presented by the Russian university students and middle-aged working people. The questionnaire of conspiracy mentality (CMQ) (Bruder, Haffke) and the FPI technique (Farenberg, Zarg and Gampel) have been applied. It was revealed that the older the generation, the more it believes in the state conspiracy; generations have stable beliefs about the presence of a political conspiracy; the representatives of the Kumyk group are more prone to exaggeration of the importance of conspiracy than the group of the Russians generation Y; the personality trait “irritability” correlates with the scale of belief in public conspiracy; there was a negative dependence of emotional lability and belief in a political conspiracy. The results are compared with the data of foreign studies on the samples of representatives of the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, Germany. It was concluded that it is possible to observe cultural and intergenerational differences in expression of conspiracy mentality. Representatives of Generation Y believe more in political and public conspiracies. Representatives of Generation X believe more in public conspiracy and secret organizations.

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The Problem of Gender Inequality in Periodicals Today

Author(s): Myroslava Chornodon,Nataliia Shevchenko,Galyna Fesenko,Oksana Klymenko,Nataliya Dragan-Ivanets,Nataliia Zozulia / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article addresses the problem of gender inequality in Ukrainian periodicals today. A detailed analysis of Ukrainian and foreign studies on the issue in question shows that women mostly deal with gender psychology. Besides, the article clarifies such concepts as “gender”, “gender psychology”, “gender equality”, “sexism”, and “feminism” and “gender inequality”. In 2021, a Swedish-Ukrainian project was signed that marks the campaign for overcoming inequality of rights between men and women. There is also the project initiated by the European Union (GENPATH). Furthermore, emphasis is placed on linguistic sexism and gender inequality in the Ukrainian government, politics, jurisprudence, healthcare. Considerable attention is paid to the most common violations of rights of women psychologists (motherhood, a lack of mentoring, uneven distribution of rights). Another issue is gender inequality in the family and its possible consequences. Quite noteworthy are findings on gender roles in European countries, sexism, and, most importantly, the significance of gender equality. One can see that the main reasons behind gender inequality for women are the dominance of men and, interestingly, the Covid-19 pandemic outburst. The article proves that the media cover men more often than women. Finally, it indicates that men find it hard to struggle with “the male crisis”.

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A comparative study of Romanian students’ perceptions on cryptocurrencies before and after the 2022 cryptocurrency market cap collapse

Author(s): Mara Mațcu,Vlăduț-Beniamin Faraonel,Alexandra Raluca Jelea / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Since the year of 2022 was marked by many significant and rapid changes on the cryptocurrencies market, this comparative study explores perceptions of Romanian students about cryptocurrencies before and after the market collapse. A qualitative approach has been used to understand attitudes towards cryptocurrencies in March 2022 (when prices of most cryptocurrencies were higher) and then the same study was conducted during August-November 2022 (when the prices of most cryptocurrencies were lower after a dropout in prices that lasted all throughout the summer). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare the results. Our findings show that cryptocurrencies were associated with more negative words in the second wave of the study, but surprisingly, the willingness to invest in such assets did not change that much. However, the willingness to invest seemed to be influenced by how secure/trustworthy respondents perceived cryptocurrencies. Implications and future research suggestions are finally discussed.

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