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Nearly all the work of Kara Walker produced thus far including Gone: An Historical Romance Of A Civil War As It Occurred Between the Dusky Thighs of One Young Negress And Her Heart (1994); The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tableau of Eva in Heaven (1995); The Battle of Atlanta: Being the Narrative of a Negress in the Flames of Desire . A Reconstruction (1995); Presenting Negro Scenes Drawn Upon My Passage Through the South and Reconfigured for the Benefit of Enlightened Audiences Wherever Such May Be Found, By Myself, K.E. B. Walker, Colored (1997) . I cite a few of the titles to give you some flavor of the work . nearly all the work employs the same technique: the adhesion of black paper cut-outs to white gallery walls.
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Focusing on Stefan Zweig’ novel Chess Story/Royal Game (in German – Schachnovelle), this essaydescribes some anthropological and social features that transform the chess game into a struggle against others and against the self.
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With beginnings probably dating back to the end of the Middle Paleolithic period, shamanism seems to be predominantly connected with the use of hallucinogenic agents and the experiences resulting therefrom. For this reason it is worth asking how the shamanistic cultural complex could function over such a long period of time in adaptive terms if the substance of its practice and ideology included the processing of information based on hallucinations. In the light of contemporary nomenclature, the latter are understood as inadequate erroneous perceptions. Accepting such a concept of hallucinations, it is possible to explain the long currency of shamanism on the basis of evolutionary cognitive error management theory, costly signalling theory, or evolutionary psychiatric group-splitting theory. However, the dominant approach to the phenomenon of hallucination may be questioned, and it is conceivable that at least some of its contents constitute a mediated projection of subliminal precepts preceding an experience of hallucinations or co-occurring with them. Transformations of hallucinations preceding their entry to the field of consciousness may be governed by the rules of association described by Herbert Silberer’s theory of self-symbolization and those brought to light by such researchers on subliminal perception as Otto Pötzl, Charles Fisher, or Norman Dixon. From this new perspective, a new definition of hallucination must be developed – a definition that will take the actual cognitive value of this phenomenon into consideration and be more adequate for providing a description of the full cognitive dynamics of the shamanistic complex.
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The article discusses the paradigm of cultural collision between East and West, artistically articulated in Orhan Pamuk’s latest novel, The Red-Haired Woman. The novel is a fictional inquiry into the literary foundations of civilizations, and compares two myths, fundamental respectively for the West and the East – Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex (a story of patricide) and Ferdowsi’s tale of Rostam and Sohrab (a story of filicide). The article highlights the worthy and courageous message contained in Pamuk’s novel.
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Test Drzewa jest jednym z testów projekcyjnych. Projekcja to „mechanizm obronny ja, polegający na nieświadomym przypisywaniu innym osobom czy ogólniej – dostrzeganiu w świecie zewnętrznym, swych własnych popędów, myśli, intencji, swych własnych konfliktów wewnętrznych”. Metoda projekcyjna, w rękach wytrawnego interpretatora pozwala wykryć nawet utajone cechy osobowości. W Słowniku psychologii czytamy: „przypisując znaczenie plamie atramentu, niejasnemu obrazkowi czy trudnemu do zdefiniowania odgłosowi, badany wyraża strukturę swojej własnej osobowości”. Podobny proces zachodzi wówczas, gdy badany rysuje drzewo.
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The aim of this research is to examine the phenomenon of integration in the context of the psychotherapeutic modality of integrative psychotherapy. The sample consists of 20 representatives of schools of Integrative Psychotherapy from all over Europe, with the focus group research conducted after the meeting of the European Association for Integrative Psychotherapy in Zagreb, Croatia. Phenomenological interpretive analysis has singled out the results we grouped in the following topics: Integration in therapist-to-client relations, Integration of professional and personal, Integration of theory and techniques, and Integration of different dimensions of the client. The qualitative research presented offers a more complete understanding of the integration phenomenon, helping us understand the levels integration occurs and happens at, how it occurs in relationship, and which dimensions of the client and therapist personalities are the focus of integration.
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The conservation of Romanian identity represents one of the main priorities that all Romanians have to manifest. Through the conservation of national identity and the capitalisation of specific values, the Romanian nation continues to be alive and to manifest his main cultural and spiritual characteristics. In this context it is necessary to find the most efficient ways of identity conservation, through researching mythological symbolism and his influence on national identity. The research can be extended both at psychological level and at spiritual level through the study of Romanian mythology. In that sense, the most powerful influence on the process of national identity conservation is held by the unconscious dimension of human mind. Considering the fact that unconscious, spiritual and psychological, contributes significantly to the achievement of a systematic process of national identity conservation, it is necessary to research the connexions between unconscious and mythological symbols. In this study, which has exploratory and introductive character, it is highlighted the importance that unconscious holds in conservation of the Romanian national identity through mythological symbols. Thus, the specific connexions between unconscious collective and mythological symbols are analysed and also the influence of collective unconscious through the use of symbols in national identity conservation. Moreover, the specific methods and research tools of connexions between collective unconscious and symbols are analysed. The research also includes the analysis of the myth named Meșterul Manole, as a national myth with deep meanings in Romanian culture and identity.
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The article presents the three main types of relations between psychoanalysis and autobiography. Psychoanalysis is defined as an autobiographical practice that has become a science. Autobiography also provides its most important therapeutic technique. Moreover, in the light of Freud’s theory, any given autobiography can be understood in terms of screen memories.
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The article refers to issues related to the formation of a culture called narcissism. The author hypothesizes that narcissism is becoming a key tool in describing the condition of postmodern man. In the article, the author answers the question whether and why we can talk about the development of a culture of narcissism and what are its determinants. A definition of narcissism in the socio-cultural sense is proposed.
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This article’s aim is to show, as exemplified by fiction and activism, that the concept of mimeticism appearing in Luce Irigaray’s early works may prove to become instrumental in overcoming difficulties associated with giving witness or uttering a confession. Though ostensibly they are uttered to “tell the truth,” or to produce the authenticity effect, thanks to Irigaray’s optics, we may gauge their efficacy under present circumstances by deconstructing their alleged veracity and the credibility of the witness-giver.
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The purpose of this article is to provide a psychological perspective on the state of vulnerability, presented as an inherent characteristic of the human condition. Terminology benchmarks are set at the beginning, highlighting the transdisciplinarity of the concept and identifying the main sources and categories of vulnerability. Then, the vulnerability, the pain, and the suffering are analyzed in various fields of psychology (clinical psychology, social psychology, psychoanalysis). The end of the article is a pleading for vulnerability, articulated around three myths, each of them being an argument in favor of the need of vulnerability in the human existence.
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This article presents the results of researching strategies of coping stressfulsituations among graduate students who are at the stage of completing their studies and further jobsearch. In the ascertaining experiment, took part students of graduate courses of the full-time learningform of education: 190 students, of which 100 girls (52.6%) and 90 boys (47.4%) of variousspecialties. The general average indicators of the coping level for the majority of respondents arehigh and medium. Most of the respondents prefer such constructive ways of coping with difficult lifesituations as positive reappraisal and self-control. When faced with difficult life situations, girls showefforts to seek informational, effective and emotional support; recognize their own role in the problemwith accompanying attempts to solve it and show problem-focused efforts to change the situation,which include an analytical approach to the problem. It is typical for young men to plan a solutionto a problem in stressful situations, purposefully analyzing the situation and possible behavioral options,as well asto develop a plan for their actions, taking into account objective conditions, past experienceand available resources. The average indicators clearly demonstrate the differences amongrespondents in pedagogical and socio-behavioral / legal specialties and their absence amongrespondents in pedagogical and economic specialties. To cope with difficult life situations,respondents choose ineffective coping strategies such as: escape-avoidance and distancing
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The article presents a study of the general satisfaction with marriage of a largesocial group of respondents and the correlation of this indicator with such aspects of interpersonalinteraction in the family as understanding, emotional attraction and respect. The study was carriedout on a sample of 157 married couples aged 18 and over with different numbers of years of familyexperience. The results of the study demonstrate a high level of satisfaction with marital relationsand the relationship of this indicator with emotional attraction and understanding in the family. Thelow level of the indicator of "authority" or respect for the marriage partner is alarming, which makesthe family system vulnerable and prone to destruction
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From their psychological and philosophical aspects in this paper, the authors aim to mark the 80th anniversary of the death of the prominent thinker and researcher Sigmund Freud (Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939, London), a Viennese and global psychoanalysts, neuropsychiatrist, along with modifications by his associates and students. The discussion of this paper provides insight into the concepts of unconscious motivation, conflict and symbolism, which represent a subject of analysis of numerous theses and hypotheses Freud had during the treatment of patients, primarily neurotics. Furthermore, this paper studies Freud's analyses which indicate that nothing in a psychical life is accidental, and particularly such occurrence and phenomena which cannot be explained other than by facts inherent in the clear and sensible consciousness that go beyond the knowledge of the unconscious psyche. In this context, the authors came to the conclusion that the conscious activity in Freud's opinion occupies a smaller part of the psychic apparatus, and on the other hand, the greater part consists of unconscious impulses, tendencies that essentially control the awareness and behavioral impulses of human beings. Consequently, Freud's psychoanalysis, as a theory, represents a work of a prominent genius, a radical milestone in psychology. In that regard, Freud's research in the field of psychoanalysis is a contribution to futurology, i.e. a discipline that deals with scientific research of treating complex mental illness in the future.
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The aim of this qualitative research was to gain insight into the motives of experts for enrolment in psychotherapy training and the benefits gained during training. Ten experts from different disciplines participated in the research. Semistructured interviews were the main data collection approach. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results show that the most common motives for enrolment in the training are: professional development, application of useful knowledge, practising psychotherapy as a profession. Recognized benefits are: strengthening of personal and professional relationships, personal development and skills application. The research provides additional understanding of the multidimensional effects of psychotherapeutic training especially for psycho-social help professions, which makes a scientific contribution of this paper due to the existing lack of research on this topic in the region.
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This paper offers the basic theses behind the concept of narcissistic distortion, which can take place in two directions – the paper explains subject formation and experience in so-called concave and convex narcissistic mirroring. The theory proposed in this paper largely relies on Lacan's mirror stage, and on his contribution to subject's development of self-consciousness through constitutive-imaginary dimensions of subjectivity. In cases of inserted concave or convex distortion, the subject locates themselves in the place of the Other, by identifying themselves with their own distorted mirror image in the Other. These distortions influence subject formation in a very concrete manner, carrying over the predisposition for certain instabilities in latter mirroring. The paper is illustrated with a case study aimed at easier understanding of the approach offered in it. It also provides a critical reflection on the possibility of plane mirror formation, as well as a detailed designation of convex distortion and four positions of concave narcissistic distortion.
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As a psychoanalyst, Jacques Lacan differentiated in his late period (starting from 1960) between the impossibility of symbolic representation covering the real (le réel) and the enjoyment (jouissance), which only partially subject itself to such signifiers and therefore generates a real residue – i.e. the “object a”. This “object a”, which differs from the imaginary object, represents a non-assimilable excess occurring as the cause of desire (désir). On the other hand, it refers back to the intrinsically concealed presence of “object a” as the origin of fear. In this way, the desire appears puzzling and solidifies itself in the phantasm of the “partial object” (Freud), which is believed to be the “Other” (A). The psychoanalytic cure consists in crossing this phantasm in order to give up the original identification; that is, to see the tension between the desire for recognition and the demand of the need (besoin) and thereby to dissolve it. For Lacan, the Freudian unconscious is thus a simultaneous opening and closing, the pulsation of which excludes depth and inwardness. Insofar as the subject is split between the singular truth of desire and a general knowledge about it, this truth really comes to speech only when is acknowledged the fact that “no language can ever tell the truth about the truth”.
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The paper discusses the question of human subjectivity as defined by René Descartes (1596-1650) and Jacques Lacan (1901-1981). It examines the similarities as well as differences between the selfconscious and rational Cartesian subject, and the unconscious Lacanian subject (subject as desire and subject as drive). Further, it applies these categories to the subsequent discussion on the psychotic subject. Taking a rhetorical perspective means that the Cartesian and Lacanian subjects are considered an effect of specific tropological processes, such as the mechanisms of metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, or catachresis. As it turns out, an analysis of rhetorical tropes allows us to uncover the unconscious linguistic mechanisms governing the formation of the human subject. Despite the obvious differences between the concepts of subjectivity in Cartesian philosophy and Lacanian psychoanalysis, there is a common denominator: it is due to the process of metaphorical substitution that the human subject comes into being.
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