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Ucieczka od psychoanalizy

Author(s): Didier Eribon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (7)/2015

The author offers a critical judgment of Lacanian psychoanalysis, pointing out its normativizing aspect. He acknowledges the impossibility of reconciliation of psychoanalytic thought with the theory of radical difference, the example of which is queer, which has been postulated by such scholars as Judith Butler, Lee Edelman or Leo Bersani. As Eribon claims, queer theory constitutes a continuation of (anti-psychoanalytic) philosophy of Michel Foucault, and it would be theoretically much more inspiring – Eribon further argues – to try to juxtapose Foucault’s thought with Sartre rather than with Freud or Lacan.

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Simbolička razmjena i rad

Author(s): Katarina Peović Vuković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/140/2015

The paper questions themes and methods of critical theory in the realm of analysis of labour and related questions in the context of economy of the post-industrial society. The paper revitalizes often neglected the French philosopher Jean Baudrillard and his theory of labour which insists on symbolical dimension of labour. The paper accents importance of Baudrillard’s interpretations through theoretical concepts of Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real founded during the sixties by the French philosopher and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. The paper contextualizes his major thesis on character of labour in the post-industrial society, which he elaborates at the end of the seventies, and confronts them with contemporary critiques which, especially after the economic crisis in 2008, insist on returning to classical questions of the critique of political economy. By mapping differences between definitions of symbolic character of labour and materialistic interpretations which are founded in the heritage of Marx’s critique of political economy, paper warns on a necessity of including both theoretical paradigms, relating political- symbolical and economical-materialist approach. While insisting on a relevance of both approaches, the paper tries to elaborate present anomalies in the era of so called dematerialization of labour, as it is the case of, for example, paradoxical increasing of working hours at the cost of eight hours labour time.

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Trauma i epifania w Piotrusiu Leo Lipskiego i Tłach Stanisława Czycza

Author(s): Radosław Pulkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

Artykuł zawiera analizę (mini)powieści Piotruś Leo Lipskiego oraz tomu poetyckiego Tła Stanisława Czycza. Ma na celu wykazanie, że głównym celem obu utworów jest próba wyrażania niewyrażalnego, które jest tożsame z traumą oraz zaczerpniętym z myśli Jacquesa Lacana Realnym. Obaj autorzy próbują robić to za pomocą epifanicznego ukształtowania tekstów, wyraźnie wykorzystując zjawisko kontrastu i tym samym poetykę afektywną. Ze stosunku do niewyrażalności Czycza i Lipskiego można wnioskować o konieczności rozpatrywania ich twórczości raczej w kategoriach myśli ponowoczesnej niż nowoczesnej.

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Zbłąkany Eros? Freud i mesjański witalizm

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

Review: Agata Bielik-Robson Erros: Mesjański witalizm i filozofia [Erros: Messianic Vitalism and Philosophy], Universitas, Cracow 2012

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Gombrowicz we współczesnej Argentynie. Lektura grupy „Literal”

Author(s): Ewa Kobyłecka-Piwońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This article presents the way in which Witold Gombrowicz’s works were interpreted by the Argentine writers who edited the periodical Literal in the 1970s. Drawing on the ideas that dominated comparative literature at the time, they soon began to discuss the Polish writer’s ‘Argentinization’ as well as the main traits of his work. Besides Literal, these reflections also appeared in the novel Cancha rayada by Germán García. This approach does not rely on the aesthetics of the ‘novel as testimony,’ which were popular at the time. Instead, it accentuates the text rather than the writer (departing from the key paradigm of the day) and builds on Lacanian psychoanalysis.

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VPLYV ZAPAMÄTANÉHO RODIČOVSKÉHO SPRÁVANIA NA VNÍMANÉ BEZPEČIE

Author(s): Miroslava Kopaničáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2014

The main objective of the presented study was to determine whether there is a relationship between selected variables of perceived safety /fear of crime/ (perceived risk, perceived sense of security and preventive behavior), 3 types of retrospective parental behavior and self-efficacy. We were interested also whether there are differences in remembered parental behavior by the respondents who have experienced some kind of victimization and those who have no experience with crime. The research sample represented 265 university students (including 83 men and 182 women) with different study focus of an average age of about 22 years. The results show that if respondents perceived their parents as controlling and protective, they showed more preventive behavior, and the greater sense of perceived risk. The results showed that respondents who had experience with some kind of victimization, perceived parental behavior as less unfavorable, more emotionally warm and less hyperprotective compared with those who did not have direct experience with some kind of crime. The self-efficacy of these groups did not differ significantly.

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Zamestnanecká neistota: individuálne a organizačné dôsledky

Author(s): Lucia Ištoňová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2015

Job insecurity represents a prevailing problematic issue for many employed people. In this study we examined chosen individual and organizational consequences of job insecurity. On the individual level we focused of job satisfaction, whereas on the organizational level we focused on affective commitment and turnover intentions. Research sample consisted of 111 respondents (men 45% and women 55%) acquired via non–probability sampling. The average age of respondents was 37,98 years (SD = 6,88). Four measures were used. Namely: Scale of affective and cognitive job insecurity (Elizur, & Borg, 1992), Job Satisfaction Scale (Warr, Cook, & Wall, 1979), Affective Commitment Scale (Meyer, & Allen, 1997) and Turnover intention scale (Roodt, 2004). The results suggested that job insecurity is significantly negatively associated with job satisfaction. Moreover affective job insecurity seems to be significant predictor of worsen job satisfaction. However, job insecurity was not significantly linked to affective commitment nor to fluctuation. The present study provides results that are first of its kind acquired on the Slovak sample. Nevertheless more, preferably longitudinal, studies are needed on this topic.

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Na placu. Widma przestrzeni

Author(s): Adam Lipszyc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Examining deconstructionist readings of Plato’s philosophy of space, Lipszyc reveals the close relationship between spatiality and spectrality. Space, properly understood, turns out to be a subversive dimension that provides room for phenomena even as it transforms them into apparitions. This statement becomes particularly significant in relation to urban space, which Lipszyc analyses with reference to geography theorists such as Edward Soja and Steve Pile, as well as with reference to the psychoanalytical perspective. This analysis is then complicated in the confrontation with a particular point on the map of Warsaw, namely Plac Grzybowski, a point where spectres are dense, as described in the prose of Miron Białoszewski.

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Morálne zdôvodňovanie v kontexte na cieľ orientovaného správania

Author(s): Radka Čopková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2016

The aim of the current research was to confirm the properties of one possible way how to measure the phenomenon of self-licensing in goal directed behavior. As the name of variable suggests, we have connected two significant fields of self-regulation research – moral justification (specifically self-licensing) (Khan & Dhar, 2006; Kivetz & Zheng, 2006; Monin & Miller, 2001) and goal directed behavior (Carver & Scheier, 2001; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Perugini & Bagozzi, 2001). The sample of 114 university students (78% women; 22% men) aged from 18 to 33 years (the average age was 23,03 years, SD=2,78) has been used. We have constructed a reliable questionnaire (Cronbach´s alpha=0,921) capturing the way of goal attainment in morally questionable conditions. The questionnaire consists of three reliable sub-dimensions: Remorse (0,848), Self-reassurance (0,841) and Depersonalization (0,832). Except of new measure, next three have been used: Machiavellian Personality Scale (Dahling et al., 2008), Short Self-Control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) and Conscientiousness dimension from NEO-FFI (Ruisel & Halama, 2007). Gender differences have been confirmed in self-licensing in goal directed behavior as whole and also in sub-dimensions of Remorse and Self-reassurance. The correlation analysis has confirmed significant inter-correlations between all sub-dimensions of self-licensing in goal directed behaviour. Also it has confirmed significant relationships with machiavellian personality, self-control and self-conscientiousness. The aim of the current research was reached by finding factor structure of Self-licensing in goal directed behavior questionnaire and its relationships with machiavellianism, sef-control and conscientiousness.

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ОТ «МАСКУЛИННОСТИ ТРАВМЫ» — К «МАСКУЛИННОСТИ НЕВРОЗА»: ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ ПОЛИТИКИ В СОВЕТСКОЙ И ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ МАССОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

Author(s): Viktoriya Sukovataya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2012

The actuality of a paper is stipulated by nessesity to study the sources of Soviet identity and gender ideals of post Soviet society on the material of film, literature and songs as forms of culture which are the best representations of the gender ideals. The aim of the studies is to analyze the evolution of gender politics and myths, owing by to socio-political changes in the Soviet and post-Soviet societies. The methods of research are gender critics, psychoanalysis, poststructuralist deconstruction, semiotics. The sources of Soviet identity and gender ideals are typologized in the conclusion.

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Mical Raz. What’s Wrong with the Poor? Psychiatry, Race, and the War on Poverty. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.

Author(s): Kseniya Brailovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Review of: Ksenia Brailovskaya - Mical Raz. What’s Wrong with the Poor? Psychiatry, Race, and the War on Poverty. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. 272 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4696- 2730-4.

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YABANCI DİL BRANŞ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN YABANCI DİL KAYGISINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Berivan Tokur,İlhan Kaçire / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2015

The aim of this study is to investigate foreign language teachers’ reviews related to foreign language anxiety. The participants were forty-five foreign language teachers from ten schools in Diyarbakır province in 2014-2015 academic year. The data of this study were collected with structured interview questionnaire and analyzed through “descriptive analysis technique”. The findings revealed that the reasons of foreign language anxiety resulted from the content of foreign language curriculum, foreign language skills, out- of school language learning environment, teachers’ proficiency and attitudes, teaching technologies and social relations in language learning classrooms. It was concluded that teachers’ attitudes were more threating for students than teachers’ proficiency levels. Moreover, it was reported that high school students felt anxious mostly in the field of speaking among the other foreign language skills. Finally, It was thought to be crucial to regulate language learning environments according to the psycho-social levels of secondary school students as it enables them to be active and willing while learning and decreases their anxiety.

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NEDENLER AÇISINDAN SUÇA SÜRÜKLENEN ÇOCUKLAR

Author(s): Riza Altun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

Human beings are born, grown up, mature and die. During this process, they have both positive and negative behaviours and attitudes. Individuals live on in direct proportion to their education that they have taken in their childhood from the family, the school and the environment. It’s observed that a child is pushed to crime in this period because of some reasons such as having no close family relationships, having been raised in violence, break-ups in the family, migrating from a town to a city, school, friends, workplace and social environment. The number of such crime events is increasing every year when we look at the official records. Children are raised as selfish, narcissist and egoist individuals because of the problems in the family, consumption frenzy in the society and the media. For the juveniles as they are our future, it is necessary to work on their education for all the state and civil society institutions and organizations, to prepare informative and educational programmes for reintegrating them into the society and teaching how to use technology for good. At schools, having classes on moral and religious values in the curriculum will also contribute a lot to prevent crime.

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ÇOCUK EDEBİYATININ GELİŞİM VE KALIPLAŞMA DEVRİ

Author(s): Rısgül Abilhamitkizi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

Çocuk edebiyatı Kazak edebiyatının bir dalıdır. Onun kendine has gelişme, ilerleme yolları vardır. Önce genel edebiyat miraslarıyla birlikte geliştiyse sonradan ayrılırak kendi özellikleriyle tanınmaya başladı. Çocukların yaş seviyesi, eğitimöğrenim özellikleri, psikolojik gelişim süreçleri dikkate alındı.

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Nie do powiedzenia. O głosie u Lacana, Ettinger i Woodman

Author(s): Anna Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2016

In the picture entitled “Self-portrait talking to Vince” Francesca Woodman, an American photographer, endeavoured to capture her own voice. That which had been uttered became thereby unutterable, resulting in a sequence of doodles coming out of the artist’s mouth: the chain interrupted within the frame of the photograph in its attempt to reach the listener. This picture is both the space and the reason for the confrontation of two psychoanalytical views – Lacanian and Ettingerian – on the notion of the voice. While in Jacques Lacan’s thought the voice is introduced as objet petit a, inextricably bound to the Other and desire, Ettinger – author of the matrixial theory, practising psychoanalyst, artist, feminist, and member of the Second Generation after the Holocaust – defines this concept as link a, thus emphasising the connection inspired by the prenatal encounter, its fragility and intimacy. Collating these two viewpoints and the photographic art of Woodman lets one open the potentialities of the voice in the field of visual studies and consider the relationship between this notion and the senses. Such a juxtaposition challenges the boundaries of not only photography – the medium seemingly sentenced to silence – but also theory, for which the image can provide a platform of dialogue, as it relentlessly resists the reduction to solely one perspective.

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S ymbol i sugestia w myśli europejskiej i indyjskiej – spojrzenie komparatystyczno - historyczne

Author(s): Hubert Hładij / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2013

The article presents a comparison of the two terms – symbol and suggestion – and their functioning in the European and Indian literary traditions. The introduction discusses the adequacy of the comparative approach, and indicates that due to the existing relativity between the two traditions in the meaning of the above terms, the differences shall be referred to more frequently, especially while discussing the poetic practice and the meaning attributed to each of the terms in both cultures. The first part of the paper presents the European perspective on the subject of symbol in philosophy, psychoanalysis, religious studies and semiotics. Further, the literary studies are scrutinized, and the paper discusses the difficulties arising with the attempts to define the symbol and how it differs from other related literary devices, such as: allegory, simile and metaphor. This part concludes with the discussion of the notion of suggestion, which, as a basis for building a new poetical language, accompanied the appearance of the European Symbolism at the turn of the 20th century. It is indicated, however, that although in the Sanskrit literary theory it is possible to use this term to explain or interpret various poetic phenomena in an orderly and systematical manner, such an approach proves impractical to discuss the European poetry. The second part of the article begins with a brief overview of the early Indian thought attempting to define the nature of poetic language. Further, the paper focuses on the theory of suggestion – dhvani as formulated in Dhvanyāloka treaty (“Light of Poetic Suggestion”) by Dhvanikāra (8th century AD) and Ānandavardhana (2nd half of the 9th century). The paper subsequently explores the classification of dhvani types according to the nature of the suggested meaning and the relation of the expressed meaning to the implied one. In one of dhvani types, the symbol – a term absent elsewhere in the Indian thought – is recognized. Nevertheless, the phenomenon it depicts is correctly recognized by Indian theoreticians, which is illustrated with adequate examples. The paper further presents the most appreciated type of suggestion, the one implying aesthetically experience – rasa (literary “taste”), and discusses the means applied to achieve it. Finally, the paper discusses the criteria of appreciating poetry based on the occurrence of the symbol and suggestion as literary devices.

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Eros i Psyche. Mit opowiedziany na nowo

Author(s): Edyta Szczurek-Maksymiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2014

Till we have faces: The myth retold is the last novel by C.S. Lewis, who was one of the greatest Christian writers in the twentieth century. The novel tells the story of Orual, daughter of king of Glome, which is a little barbarian country that lies behind the borders of the Hellenistic world. The story is based upon the myth of Cupid and Psyche. The first written version of this myth appears in the chapter of The golden ass by Apuleius. Lewis himself makes a statement in afterword of his book that he “felt quite free to go behind Apuleius”. Apuleius was rather a transmitter than inventor of the tale in Lewis’s opinion. As he says later “[Apuleius] in relation to my work he is a source, not an influence nor model”. Till we have faces is a re-telling of the myth of Cupid and Psyche from the point of view of Orual, Psyche’s ugly sister. I decided to point out differences and similarities in the telling of the tale of Cupid and Psyche by Apuleius and by Lewis. Generally the plot is the same. In both versions there are symbols easy to point out: Psyche as a Soul, Cupid as a Love, Venus-Ungit and also Redival as a Flesh and Orual as something between Psyche and her younger sister, Redival. There are some threads treated differently, as for example jealousy of gods and Psyche’s sisters. Psyche’s sisters in The golden ass are jealous of Psyche’s wealth, her palace and the fact that she is probably married to god. Therefore they decide to take her happiness away by deceiving her. In Till we have faces Orual is jealous of Psyche herself and her love. She thinks that gods have taken Psyche from her and therefore she writes accusation against them. The most important difference is that Orual cannot see Psyche’s palace. As Lewis says in his afterword: “The central alteration in my own version consists in making Psyche’s palace invisible to normal, mortal eyes – if making is not the wrong word for something which forced itself upon me, almost at my first reading of the story, as the way the thing must have been. This change of course brings with it a more ambivalent motive and a different character for my heroine and finally modifies the whole quality of the tale.” Despite differences both tales tell about a union with God. In Apuleius’ version Psyche, after her service for Venus, is united with Cupid. In the ending of Till we have faces Orual is united with Psyche and gods. Also both stories are about journey. In The golden ass there is a spirit journey to a union with god, which one can achieve through beauty. In Till we have faces there is no allegorical journey, but Orual makes her way to self-understanding by writing a book about her fight with gods. In the end she meets God face to face and gains peace.

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A SEMIOTIC READING OF DIGITAL AVATARS AND THEIR ROLE OF UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Sercan Şengün / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2014

This study tries to explain the role of digital avatars for communication in two distinct ways. In the first part it debates what kinds of meanings avatars have for their users. To answer this question based on semiotic theories of Saussure and Lacan, a new approach will be proposed. Saussure’s theory of signs and Lacan’s theory of chain of signifiers as an entry for self, will be merged to form a new viewpoint. In the second part, the role of avatars in the digital communication for the receivers will be approached by Berger’s uncertainty reduction theory.

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Sierpniowe inicjacje. Obrazy kobiet w „Sierpniu” Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

Even though Bruno Schulz repeatedly criticized psychoanalysis, one may discover inhis fiction many traces of Freud’s theory. The writer from Drogobych not only proposed his own version of the Oedipal drama, but also explored perversions and fetishism aswell as various forms of compensation within a family based on radically different personalities of the father and mother. Dybel comes up with a psychoanalytic reading of“August,” the opening story of "Cinnamon Shops". He approaches it not just as a starting point of Schulz’s fiction, deeply rooted in the writer’s correspondence with Debora Vogeland others, but as its climax, at least as far as the libidinal power of nature embodied by women is concerned. Schulz presents in “August” five portraits of womanhood – from still innocent Lucia to monstrously fertile Agata – which constitute the femaleSuperego and Id, and even go beyond this division. By contrast, Dybel’s psychoanalyticinterpretation includes also weak or absent men from whom the protagonist, whether he likes it or not, must learn about life and complete his rite of passage.

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Kategoria groteski w opisach muzyki z obozów koncentracyjnych. „Gry oświęcimskie” Szymona Laksa

Author(s): Bartosz Dąbrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the grotesque as an autobiographical strategy of talking about the experience of concentration camps. In his autobiographical testimony, Szymon Laks describes the music in Birkenau as the part of the Nazi system of exploitation of prisoners. In his memories, music in the concentration camp is deprived of humanistic values, and becomes a symbol of the violence, hierarchy and absurdity of the camp life. For Laks, the grotesque and self‑parody become the only means of speaking about the experience of the concentration camp. Laks chooses the literary tactics of inhuman accustoming, similar to the works of such writers as Tadeusz Borowski and Piotr Rawicz.

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