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[Structure and administration of Utah CQT test formats in polygraph examinations: methodological guidelines, V. Shapovalov, D. Alieksieieva-Protsiuk, Kyiv: National Academy of Internal Affairs, 2019, 88 p.]
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Juvenile crime, its causes and consequences, the system of juvenile justice, as well as the processes of re-socialization and rehabilitation of young people in the correctional penitentiary facilities are subject of interest of many criminologists, penologists, and criminal justice scholars. In the whole system of juvenile justice, the position of youth in penitentiary institutions is a special area of analysis, attention and research. Exactly, the processes of adaptation, re-socialization and rehabilitation of the youngsters accommodated in those institutions depend on their treatment, protection and disciplinary measures applied to them. In this regard, certain respective topics are a subject matter of theoretical exploration in this paper. Those are: the specific features of the young convicted persons related to their developmental period and their impact on the imprisonment, the models of adaptation of the prison conditions, and the issue of distrust of the processes of re-socialization. In this part, three important theories have been elaborated: Sykes (1958) and Goffman (1961) theory of deprivation, Irwin and Cressey (1962) theory of importation, and Agnew (1992) general strain theory.
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The TV crime drama is one of the most popular genres for European audiences and arguably also the most culturally sensitive and nuanced. The author in his article analyzes one of the Swedish examples of crime drama called Jordskott. Author interprets it through the prism of the Nordic noir aesthetics while characterizing this concept. In the course of analyzes, however, he notices that the Jordskott series escapes the genre framework and is located somewhere at the intersection of such film aesthetics as: Nordic noir, ecological thriller, horror or fairy tale.
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The ecological theory of crime was first introduced into criminology by the Cartographic School of Criminology in the 19th century. Ecological theories of crime were further developed by the Chicago School of Criminology in the early 20th century. Contemporary ecological theories include routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, and rational choice theory. The impact of the ecological perspective in scientific research of crime is noticeable in today's studies too. Modern scientists, researchers, and practitioners study crime by using the geographic information system, statistical and geostatistical methods, and crime mapping. The empirical research on the spatial patterns and concentration of crime in the City of Nis, Republic of Serbia, was conducted on the research sample of property crimes and violent crimes committed in the years 2008, 2013 and 2018. All the cases were geocoded into spatial units which represent urban and suburban areas in the territory of the City of Niš. Descriptive statistics was used to identify the urban areas with the highest crime rate. Andersen’s Spatial Point Pattern Test (SPPT) was used to check the research hypothesis that the spatial patterns of crime are stable over time. This hypothesis has not been confirmed as the findings show that criminal activity demonstrates a trend of moving away from the central city zones towards the urban (residential) areas and suburban settlements. The results of this empirical research are of scientific and practical value. This spatial analysis of crime is among the first analysis of this kind in Serbia and the Balkans, and it was the very first time in the region that such analysis involved the application of the Spatial Point Pattern Test (SPPT). The research results maybe useful when creating security strategies and crime prevention policies by the police, decision-makers, and other stakeholders.
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Early Modern Child-Murder Investigations Were Characterized by Many Conflicts and Struggles on Different Levels of the Social Organization. Sources like broadside ballads or pamphlets highlighted the infanticide as a matter of considerable public concern. There the conflict between the idea of early modern motherhood and family life and the everyday life of single-mothers dealing with unwanted children was apparent. These moralizing pamphlets were describing virtues of motherhood like self-sacrifice, solicitude, economic and social responsibility and on the other hand, authors criticized murdering mothers. Finally, conflicts, antipathy and personal confrontations between members of the family and sexual partners can be traced in these sources. Events prior the crime can be characterized by disagreements between sexual partners, violence and verbal abuse. This contextual analysis of conflicts in five infanticide proceedings from south Bohemia (1690–1710) is the centre of the paper.
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The offenses of forgery are provided in Title VI of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, and the newly introduced offense, respectively the omission of declaring information was introduced in Chapter III - False documents, after the offense False statements. This legislative change was necessary in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, especially since the facts of falsehood seriously undermine the truth and trust that must lead to the formation and development of human relations. Without the duty of respect for the truth and without the feeling of trust that the truth is actually respected, social relations would be possible only with difficult precautions and inevitable risks. Nobody knows exactly what the future holds for us, but surely society will change the economy, the medical system, the legal system, our lifestyle, etc.
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Probation and parole are intended as alternatives to incarceration for eligible offenders. In various European jurisdictions research studies indicated the importance of the offenders‟ perspective in supervision; however, the contribution of this factor is still unclear and underexplored. In the present study, we explored the offenders‟ experience of the supervision process, based upon the experience of 22 convicts. To understand the offenders‟ experience, we used the newly constructed tool, Eurobarometer, which measures eight core domains of offender supervision. The pilot study was conducted in Belgrade and was a part of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology initiative (COST) which was implemented in eight European jurisdictions. Results confirmed that the offenders‟ perception of supervision can be significant in various domains of offenders‟ life and that Eurobarometer can be significant in capturing that experience.
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In the provisions of the scientific article, the author shares the history of scientific researches relating to the investigation of crimes, which have been committed by convicts in penal institutions of Ukraine on four periods. He conducts research of scientific works by leading scientists in the field of criminal process and forensic science, which partially dealt with the actual problems of the theoretical, legal and practical nature regarding the procedural procedure for the adoption and execution of decisions of the investigator at the stage of pre-trial investigation under the CPC 2012. In the provisions of the scientific article, certain aspects of investigation of crimes that are defined in the law by forms, methods and means of operative-investigative activity have been researched in scientific works of leading scientists of forensic of Ukraine. The author comes to the interim conclusion, that the problems of investigation of crimes, including in correctional colonies of Ukraine, are not only purely theoretical but also practical and require further scientific knowledge and development. However, the analysis of scientific papers and other doctrinal sources showed that largely they relate to the activities of the bodies of the National Police of Ukraine and some other law enforcement agencies, but they are not sufficiently studied in the work of the State criminal executive service of Ukraine, which has a very negative effect on the state and efficiency of the investigation of crimes that have been committed by convicts in the correctional colonies, and in general on the state of law and order in the Penal Institutions of Ukraine and the pre-trial detention centers of Ukraine.
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The article deals with the most problematic issues related to the content of the fight against corruption in the sphere of the execution of punishments of Ukraine, and also scientifically substantiated measures aimed at improving the legal mechanism on the mentioned problems and blocking, neutralizing, eliminating the determinants conducive to the commission of corruption offenses. As practice shows, corruption is one of the significant problems affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal executive activity of Ukraine, the subject of which is staff of enforcement agencies and institutions. In particular, only in 2016 this category of subjects committed 40 corruption crimes. According to the note, to art. 45 of the Criminal Code (CC) of Ukraine, these include those that are defined in Art. Art. 191, 262, 308, 312, 313, 320, 357, 410 and committed by the abuse of official position, as well as in art. Art. 210, 354, 364, 361-1, 365-2, 368, 368-2 СС and 5 administrative offenses of a corruption nature. Moreover, as established in the course of special scientific research, one of the determinants that determine the commission of these socially dangerous phenomena should be recognized as those gaps that occur in the Law of Ukraine "On the Prevention of Corruption".
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In the article legal maintenance and correlation of misconduct and crime are considered in obedience to a modern legal doctrine. Grounded, that replacement of terms "administrative crime" and "administrative responsibility" on "public offense" and "public responsibility" have large both theoretical and practical value. The concept of criminal misconduct is considered and it is marked pointlessness of increase of list of acts, for that a person, that accomplished them, will carry punishment. The algorithm of actions is offered in relation to the observance of vector of humanizing of punishment for the feasance of offense. Drawn conclusion about the necessity of creation of Law on bases of legislation and a background is thus certain of further development of legislation in accordance with changes that take place in society.
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In the provisions of the scientific article, on the basis of scientific views of leading Ukrainian scientists and constant provisions of the science of the criminal process and forensic studying, the author researches the concept and discloses the content of investigation of crimes committed by convicts in correctional colonies of Ukraine. Based on the generalized conclusions on the theme of the scientific article, the author proposes to improve the legal mechanism of investigation of crimes committed by convicts in correctional colonies of Ukraine through committing the following measures, namely: first, to supplement the part 1 of art. 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine «Definition of the main terms of the Code» paragraph 27, secondly, to make changes in the fourth sentence of part 1 of art. 104 of the Criminal-executive code of Ukraine «Operative and research activity in colonies».
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The scientific article is devoted to the actual problem of the prevention of causing bodily harm to persons, who serving sentence in the form of deprivation of liberty. The author analyses scientific literature, periodicals, international legislation and national legislation of Ukraine, regarding making the recommendation to reduce the level of causing bodily harm to persons, who serving sentence of deprivation of liberty. In the provisions of the scientific article an analysis of methods for detecting the factors of crime in penal institutions is carried out, and and on this basis, the author proposes methods of eliminating, neutralizing or blocking the factors of crime in the penal institutions. In addition, the author of the article considers necessary in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, who prepare specialists for work in the penal institutions, to teach such a discipline as «The theory of penitentiary conflict research». The scientific article also contains suggestions by the author regarding the introduction of clear measures that will affect the reducing the level of causing bodily harm to person, who serving sentence of deprivation of liberty.
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In the article on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, the essence and content of activities connected with the prevention of crimes committed by the personnel of the penitentiary institutions in connection with the use of force against the convicts are determined, as well as the main problems that arise in this way are determined. , and formulated scientifically substantiated proposals for their substantive resolution. As practice shows, in the structure of crimes committed by the personnel of the penitentiary institutions of Ukraine, a significant place is occupied by those related to the use of force against the convicted persons. In particular, only in 2016, the share of these crimes in the total number was 7%. The essence of this problem lies not only in the fact that in this way the staff of the penitentiary institutions undermined the authority of the state authorities and encroached on the administration of justice in Ukraine, but it also manifests itself in the ineffectiveness of the activities related to the prevention of crimes committed by the said persons in the field of execution of sentences. In turn, one of the conditions conducive to such a state of preventive activity is the low level of theoretical and practical knowledge related to the essence and content of the prevention of crimes involving the personnel of penitentiary institutions. Consequently, there is a complex application problem that needs to be solved, including at the doctrinal level.
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The article defines the state and content of research methodology related to the activities of religious organizations in the sphere of execution of punishments, as well as the necessity of activating scientific developments on this issue, taking into account the reforms that are being carried out in the Ukrainian criminal-executive system. the current state of criminal executive activity in Ukraine suggests that the effectiveness of using the opportunities of these public associations in the correctional and resocialization process of convicts, in particular in places of deprivation of liberty, is rather low and ineffective. Thus, in fact, annually, starting from 1991 to date, sentenced to imprisonment commit from 300 and more crimes and offenses, as well as other adventures (suicide - up to 20 cases, self-inflicted - more than 100, natural death - almost 1 thousand. All this, in the final analysis, has a very negative effect on the state of execution and execution of criminal penalties in Ukraine and acts as one of the determinants, which causes and determines the commission of new crimes, that is, leads in practice to improper fulfillment of one of the key tasks of the Ukrainian criminal-law enforcement (Article 1 of the Criminal Code), namely the prevention of the commission of new criminal offenses by both convicted persons and other persons.
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The article is devoted to the organizational and tactical principles of providing preparation for interrogation in the investigation of criminal proceedings on the facts of the commission of crimes by participants of organized criminal groups and criminal organizations. In the course of the study, the circumstances that need to be clarified to the investigator (the subject of interrogation) and which determine the specifics of interrogation in this category of criminal proceedings are examined. In conclusion, the author proposed key provisions for solving the problematic aspects that arise when organizing interrogation.
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The article analyzes regulatory legal sources on the issues of combating crime in penal institutions of Ukraine and the effectiveness of their application in practice, as well as identifies the main problem issues to be studied at the scientific level.
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The article deals with the state and essence of the methodology of investigations in the field of combating crime, identified the potential of certain methods of knowledge of the content of socio-legal phenomena and processes, which, in particular, relate to issues of criminal-executive activity, as well as proposed author's variants of more effective use of scientific methods for assessing the current state of law and order in penitentiary institutions and institutions.
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The article analyzes the grounds for the use in Ukraine of juvenile convicts serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, measures of physical influence, special means and weapons, as well as the peculiarities of law enforcement practice on these issues, as well as scientific substantiated measures for the improvement of this type penitentiary activities.
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The article analyzes the legal and normative principles on the basis of which the fight against crime in Ukraine was carried out on the so-called Soviet day, defined the peculiarities of this activity and established the regularities of the emergence, functioning and development of this socially dangerous phenomenon in places of deprivation of liberty.
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