ИСТОРИЈСКИ ОБРИСИ ЕУГЕНИКЕ И ЊЕНИ УТИЦАЈИ НА ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ

Author(s): Aleksandra Anđelković,Dušan Spasić / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This paper discusses the term eugenics and sheds light on this concept through different historical periods. Although almost forgotten, historically, this doctrine has had a significant influence on the concept of education. The paper is an attempt to clarify the doctrine so as to show the misguided nature of the times when the basic right to life, development, and education was not available to everyone. According to certain ideas and visions, education was considered a category meant only for the chosen, and these ideas later resurfaced with the transhumanists.

Dugoročne demografske implikacije niskog fertiliteta u regionu bivše jugoslavije

Author(s): Vladimir Nikitović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

After the dissolution of the socialist Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1991, the quality and availability of demographic and migration statistics in the region as a whole, and especially in some of its parts are deteriorated. In addition, census rounds are not being held regularly throughout the region as of 1991. Thus, producing population projections has become rather challenging in comparison to the period of SFRY. This paper made an effort in order to overcome obstacles in terms of historic data and jump-off projection values for the whole region in accordance with adjusted data from national records. Until 1991, population of the region had been increasing almost linearly. Although SFRY was characterized by significant sub-regional differences in terms of the beginning and the pace of demographic transition, the current total fertility rate throughout the region is below 2.1. The aim of the paper is to consider the longterm implications of low fertility and whether in this respect there would be a demographic homogenization of the region. For that purpose, we relied on the UN WPP2015 model used by the UN Population Division for producing its 2015 World Population Prospects. It enabled several important features from the viewpoint of the main tasks of the paper: the methodologically consistent datasets on main demographic indicators, probabilistic approach for modelling and forecasting fertility and mortality, the opportunity to adjust initial datasets for known issues on data quality (Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzeg.), and ability to adjust data distribution according to the former administrative division of SFRY. The last one was of particular importance as it allowed us to take into account the well-known diversity of fertility patterns in Serbia (Vojvodina, Central Serbia and Kosovo), and to make a distinction in projection results between the sub-regions differed by the onset and tempo of fertility transition. The UN concept of post-transition recovery of total fertility rate is lying behind the hypotheses of future TFR. According to the model, Slovenia and Vojvodina has been already entered the post-transitional phase. Central Serbia and Macedonia are first to join them (as of 2020), followed by Croatia and Bosnia & Herzeg. (2025), and Montenegro (2030). However, the fertility transition in Kosovo could last until 2070. The greatest chance (median distribution of the simulated trajectories) is that TFR in the SFRY region will converge to the levels projected for Southern Europe (1.8) in 2100, except in Slovenia (1.89). Hypotheses on migration in deterministic manner were based on the “migration cycle model” introduced by Fassmann and Reeger (2012), which assume that all of Europe will eventually experience the transition to net immigration. Since the strategic objectives of all governments in the region are consistent when it comes to joining the EU, it is taken as a pivotal condition for a hypothesis on the migration transition. The symbolic turning point in the transition process in the region (2035) implies that the whole region will become the part of the EU by then. Kosovo is assumed to be the only territory not able to achieve the net immigration during The greatest chances (median of the distribution) are that the population in the region of SFRY will be reduced by 16.9% between 2015 and 2055, which puts this region among the ones that are going to experience the strongest decrease (over 15%) in global terms - mainly countries of the former Eastern bloc and Japan. According to the median of prediction intervals, a sharp decline is expected in Vojvodina (31.7%), Cent. Serbia (27.2 %), Bosnia & Herzeg. (22.0%), and Croatia (18.9%), which is similar to the countries that were expected to experience the greatest population decrease in the world by 2050  Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and Moldova. The region reversal to the historic population maximum of 1990 seems to be not possible even in conditions of the above replacement fertility. A zone of depopulation emerged along the eastern rim of the EU, which, according to the UN model, is the most prominent depopulation zone in global terms. Prediction intervals indicate that by the mid-century, with the exception of Kosovo, only Slovenia has some chances (35%) to maintain the current population size. However, to return to its maximum population by 2100 some chance has only Slovenia (almost 30%), and only minimal Montenegro (8%), and Kosovo (5%). Old-age dependency ratio in the SFRY region is likely to double by the mid-century, while the prediction intervals suggest that even a return to the current unfavourable level is outside of the range of possible outcomes throughout the region. It is the most important long-term demographic implication of low fertility. Yet, that rise has its limits. Therefore, the next four decades will be the most challenging period of getting used to the new demographic reality, which in view of the modern concept of population policy (quality before quantity) is not necessarily bad. One of the conclusions is that the significant increase in the total fertility rate, i.e. up to and around the replacement level of 2.1, which current official projections (Cent. Serbia, Vojvodina, Montenegro, and Croatia) consider as the ultimate objective of population policy, is far beyond the possible outcomes.

Sezonske varijacije smrtnosti od kardiovaskularnih, respiratornih i malignih oboljenja u Gradu Beogradu

Author(s): Nemanja Stanišić,Svetlana Stanišić Stojić,Andreja Stojić,Vladimir Džamić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

The main purpose of this paper is to examine seasonal variations in mortality resulting from cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and cancer, as well as to provide a review of environmental factors underlying such phenomenon. The herein presented study was conducted on the territory of Belgrade based on the data on daily mortality rates obtained from the Institute of Public Health in Belgrade for the period 2009-2014, as well as the data on annual mortality rates provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia for the period 2000-2014. The analysis of mortality variations was performed by the use of Theil-Sen method, smooth trend method and cubic spline interpolation, whereas desriptive tools, such as winter/summer ratio and dissimilarity index, were used to examine the seasonal pattern. According to the Institute of Public Health, over 113430 deaths were registered in Belgrade area for the period 2009-2014, out of which 53.25% is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, 4.01% to respiratory diseases and 27.50% to cancer. The annual mortality rates caused by cardiovascular diseases and cancer on the territory of Belgrade are among the highest ranking in Europe. The leading causes of death in the observed period included: cardiomyopathy, heart attack and stroke with accompanying complications, breast cancer in women, prostate and colorectal cancer in men, lung and bronchus cancer for both genders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality rates are significantly higher among people aged 65 and over, whereas more than one third of deaths caused by cancer is observed among younger people aged between 45 and 64 years.Research results show that seasonal variations were most pronounced in mortality resulting from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, with highest mortality rates recorded in February and March and lowest during the summer season. Also, the number of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases increased twice, namely at the end of June and October, which is assumed to be the result of sudden temperature changes. Nonetheless, no such seasonal variations were observed in mortality caused by cancer. Seasonal variations in mortality resulting from cardiovascular diseases also indicate gender differences, which is why sudden temperature changes in interim periods affect more women than men.As regards deseasonalized trend, mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases stagnates, while mortality caused by cancer and mortality caused by respiratory diseases records moderate to severe increase. This is a uniform trend in almost all municipalities in Belgrade, with average mortality rates being higher in central zones than in suburbs over the last 15 years, particularly mortality caused by cancer. A slight increase in the overall mortality can also be attributed to aging of the population, which cannot be verified due to lack of available accurate data on the average age structure of Belgrade population for the observed period. A better understanding of seasonal variations in mortality caused by chronic non-communicable diseases can contribute to improving the population health care and rising awareness of the population concerning greater health care in changeable weather conditions due to global warming and climate change. These findings can also enhance preventive action on environmental risk factors that are not limited exclusively to weather conditions, such as air pollution.

Retrospektywne spojrzenie na ewolucję zaludnienia Ziemi

Author(s): Viviane Kostrubiec,Benjamin Kostrubiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2015

After reversing the arrow of time and simplifying the kinship paths, the family tree of the humanity takes the form of a binary directed a cyclic graph (DAG) which enables to calculate a theoretical number of ancestors of a living individual. Te comparisons of theoretical and empirical number of ancestors have been made, which indicate a serious deficiency of real ancestors estimated by an indicator of pedigree collapse. Te indicator of pedigree collapse enables to evaluate the complications of an empirical family tree caused by blood relationships and gives an idea about the kinship of Polish landed gentry, which is significantly closer that it may be intuitively expected. We suggest to shed light on this mechanism by improving the model by the tools coming from the graph theory and Galton’s probabilistic model. Finally, we present the suggestions that the high level of the indicator of the humanity blood relationships may be explained by mechanisms which prejudice against establishing close kinship.

Сремска Митровица и Шабац 1900–2011: историјско-демографска условљеност фертилитета брачним оквирима

Author(s): Milica Solarević,Bojan Đerčan / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 157-158/2016

Regional cultural, historical and social differences strongly influenced the history of private life in the 20th century in the towns of Sremska Mitrovica and Šabac, basically within the marriage and reproduction framework. Fertility decline below the level needed for simple population reproduction reflected, among other things, the decline of marriage and the increased number of divorces, where marriage lost its primary function, childbearing, and the family became nuclear. Women age at marriage is particularly important because indirectly indicates the use of fertile period and capacity. Attention is drawn to the changing patterns in recent years, with marriage increasingly losing the role of human reproduction framework and focus turned to the individual achievements of partners within the community. The usage of demographic method, methodology of Princeton indexes and statistical analysis of the significance of marriage variables and fertility, led to the conclusions that confirm the general trends in these two towns, emphasizing their historic and demographic conditionality.

Емиграционе зоне у Србији: резултати пописа из 2011. године

Author(s): Jelena R. Predojević Despić,Goran D. Penev / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

In the last few decades there have been changes in the nature of international migration trends and spatial mobility of population on the world level. This was influenced by significant changes on the political scene of Europe and the world, globalisation, international capital flows, technical-technological progress, the IT revolution and so forth. International migration trends are mainly analysed from the perspective of the recipient countries, while research from the perspective of the origin countries is much rarer, and especially those which include both aspects. At the same time, there is an evident lack of reliable information containing data on migration trends between countries of origin and destination, regional origin and demographic structures of migrants, which hinders a more detailed territorial analysis. Serbia does not have satisfactory statistics on international migration as well, even though it is a country with long emigration tradition. The census data on the Serbian nationals working or residing abroad, regardless of the relatively large census undercount, present the main sources of statistical information on the characteristics of Serbian emigration, and practically the only source of data on their regional origin and socio-demographic features. Regional differences in view of the share of nationals abroad are very pronounced in Serbia. They were established as early as 1971 the Census and confirmed by every following census. The 2002 Census results indicated there were three typical emigration zones. The aim of the paper is to determine whether there have been changes in the spatial distribution of the emigrants from the regional aspect of Serbia as an origin country, based on 2011 Census final results. The characteristics of the Serbian citizens abroad, according to age and sex, length of stay abroad, country of destination and ethnic composition, have also been analyzed in this paper.

Struktura stanovništva gračaničke općine i njena izmjena u drugoj polovini 20. i početkom 21. stoljeća

Author(s): Damir Džafić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2007

Struktura (sastav) stanovništva je posljedica njegovog ukupnog prirodnog i mehaničkog kretanja, ali je istovremeno i faktor koji utiče na ta kretanja. Struktura stanovništva se formira pod uticajem bioloških, socijalnih, kulturnih i drugih faktora, a promjene u strukturi stanovništva odraz su promjena tih faktora. Osnovni ciljevi izučavanja strukture stanovništva su: deskripcija, utvrđivanje tendencija u promjenama, uzroci promjena i faktori koji utiču na promjene, proučavanje zakonomjernosti i stvaranje mogućnosti za prognoziranje promjena i budućih struktura, proučavanje veza i međuzavisnosti struktura i kretanja stanovništva itd. Zbog toga “struktura stanovništva predstavlja važnu i složenu problematiku čije proučavanje omogućuje da se uoče karakteristike i izvuku zaključci o sadašnjem stanju i potencijalnim mogućnostima stanovništva u ekonomskom razvoju.”

Старосни модел фертилитета у Војводини на почетку 21. века

Author(s): Radmila Veljović,Dragana Paunović / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

This paper presents an outlook on fertility trends of the population of Vojvodina in the first decade of the 21st century, a period that includes the results of the previous two Censuses held in 2002 and 2011. The main concern is identifying determinants of this development process and the dynamics regarding the age model of fertility as well as the way it is manifested in Vojvodina. Methodology of this research relies on evaluating age specific rates, determining its fluctuations and shifts in order to establish the course of the change. Census of 2002 and Census of 2011 provide useful data to complete fertility analyses. Total fertility rates also show the tendency of continuous decline therefore representing the shifts in the age model of fertility. After the devastating 1990s marked by wars and sanctions, the transitional processes were initiated at the turn of the millennium, leading to a change in socio-economic environment. Along with constant economic crisis and accompanying poverty, this situation strongly influenced reproductive behaviour of women and their attitude toward childbearing in general. The trend of late childbearing and a raise of women’s mean age at first birth continued.

Разумевање популационе промене из полупериферијске перспективе: унапређење теорије

Author(s): Marina Blagojević-Hughson,Mirjana V. Bobić / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

A lot of empirical evidence on demographic changes in ’countries in transition’, those which belong to the semi-periphery of Europe, has been undertheorized, or theorized in the framework of the theories on the First and the Second Transition. However, both of those metanarratives have proven to be applicable only to a certain degree when it comes to the development off population at the semi-periphery. This paper argues that specificity and unprecedented population developments of the semi-periphery of Europe call for a different approach, one which will actually clearly acknowledge the structural difference between the core and the semi-periphery, and the developmental dependence as a core of the problem. The main arguments are related to the specificities of gender regimes at the semi-periphery [Blagojević 2009; Blagojević 2013; Bobić 2013], as well as to the process of ’de-development’ which results in a profound social structural change. The starting epistemological points for this type of approach relate to the three strands of theoretical developments: 1. feminist standpoint theory (semi-periphery is both strategic standpoint for knowledge articulation, as well as a location where connection between the ontology and the epistemology of gender could be reaffirmed – [Wickramasinghe 2006; Blagojević 2009]; 2. Connell’s critique of ’metropolitan theory’ [Connell 2007], and her vision of ’polycentric social science’ [Connell, 2013]; and finally, 3. the idea of multiple modernities and multiple trajectories of modernization [Eisenstadt, 2002]. Historically speaking, demography as a discipline has been empirically rich, but theoretically ’poor’. Striving towards more theory, towards grounded theory, can profoundly enrich our understanding of the population change, by connecting micro, mezzo and macro level into a more heuristically rewarding manner, and, at the same time, it would be moving towards effectiveness and meaningfulness of the population policies.

Реакција на популациону политику – које жене могу највише допринети демографском развоју Србије?

Author(s): Petar D. Vasić,Vera Gligorijević,Mirjana Devedžić / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

Population policy measures address all fertile women in Serbia, and the aim is to mobilize the largest number of women to give birth. Although strong response is desirable, not all women react, or at least not to the same extent, to the population policy measures which are financially based in Serbia. In this paper our intention was to identify which categories of fertile women could give greatest demographic benefit in the near future considering current population policy measures. We assumed that age and socioeconomic characteristics are the most relevant for the different response of women. Considering past structural changes of women population, and population projection results, we tried to define which categories of fertile women can give the greatest demographic benefit to the increase of birth level until 2041.

Нестајање Срба у Хрватској

Author(s): Branislav S. Đurđev,Svetozar Livada,Daniela Arsenović / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

Based on the latest references and the Census of the population in Croatia from 1880 to 2011, the paper presents current and future trends in the number, share and aging of Serbian population in Croatia. Until the 2001 Census, the share of Serbs was slowly decreasing, in spite of evident persecutions, organized migrations and killings during the First and, especially, the Second World War. The breaking point occurred in the last decade of the 20th century when the share of Serbs dropped to one fifth when compared to the maximum, or to one third, when compared to the beginning of the decade. The 2011 Census shows that a small remaining share of Serbs is dominated by ageing population, so the projections indicate that the share of Serbs will have dropped to only 2.4% until 2051.

Uzroci smrti u Srbiji od sredine 20. Veka

Author(s): Ivan Ž. Marinković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

The structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia has considerably changed in the last half century. Diseases which presented the main threat to the population a few decades ago are now at the level of a statistical error. On the one side are causes which drastically changed their share in total mortality in this time interval, while others have shown stability and persistence among the basic causes of death. Acute infectious diseases "have been replaced" with chronic noninfectious diseases, due to the improvement of general and health conditions. One of the consequences of such changes is increased life expectancy and a larger share of older population which resulted in cardiovascular diseases and tumors to dominate more and more in total mortality.Convergent trends in the structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia from the middle of the 20th century are the reasons why there are considerably fewer diseases and causes with a significant rate in total population mortality at the beginning of the 21st century. During the 1950s, there were five groups of diseases and causes which participated individually with more than 10% of population mortality (infectious diseases, heart and circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, some perinatal conditions and undefined states) while at the beginning of the new century there were only two such groups (cardiovascular diseases and tumors). Identical trends exist in all European countries, as well as in the rest of the developed world.The leading causes of death in Serbia are cardiovascular diseases. An average of somewhat over 57.000 people died annually in the period from 2007 – 2009, which represents 55.5% of total population mortality. Women are more numerous among the deceased and this difference is increasing due to population feminization. The most frequent cause of death in Serbia, after heart and circulatory diseases, are tumors, which caused 21,415 deaths in 2009. Neoplasms are responsible for one fifth of all deaths. Their number has doubled in three decades, from 9,107 in 1975 to about 20,000 at the beginning of the 21st century, whereby tumors have become the fastest growing cause of death. Least changes in absolute number of deaths in the last half century were marked among violent deaths. Observed by gender, men are in average three times more numerous among violent deaths than women. In the middle of the 20th century in Serbia, one third of the deaths caused by violence were younger than 25 and as many as one half were younger than 35 years old. Only one tenth (11%) of total number of violent deaths were from the age group of 65 or older. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century (2009), the share of population younger than 25 in the total number of violent deaths was decreased four times (and amounted to 8%). At the same time, the rate of those older than 65 or more quadrupled (amounted to 39%).

Проблемска подручја Републике Српске у контексту демографских кретања

Author(s): Mira Mandić,Milenko Živković / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

The paper discusses problematic areas in the Republic of Srpska, from the aspects of spatial distribution of the population and demographic changes during the period between the last two censuses. The paper also treats causes and consequences of an unbalanced spatial development.Social-economic processes indicate the increase of regional differences, the consequences of which are numerous and they also differentiate the country’s area on several grounds. One of the consequences is the unbalanced development and spatial distribution of the population. Assuming that the demographic potential triggers the complex valorization of an area, the paper also indicates limitations and risks of the future development resulting from demographic changes. Starting with 1960s, the poor total demographic potential of the Republic of Srpska area has been particularly strong in rural areas. This further implies the necessity to change the approach to demographic development strategies.From both theoretical and practical aspects, the paper also addresses the consequences of the unbalanced spatial distribution of the population. The polarized development of the country jeopardizes the economic and geopolitical sustainability of the demographically depressive peripheral areas and makes it difficult to integrate into modern development processes.

Промене у природном кретању становништва града Источно Сарајево

Author(s): Mariana Lukić-Tanović,Danijel Danilović / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

One of the main demographic problems of the Republic of Srpska is a negative natural increase which has been recorded from 2002 onwards. The same problem has been registered in the city of East Sarajevo, so this trend and changes in the natural movement of the population of the city will be observed in future work and research. The components of natural movement were observed for the period from 1997 to 2012 because the official statistical records refer to that period. The aim of this paper was to analyze the basic components of natural increase, the birth rate, mortality rate and natural increase in East Sarajevo, and to determine if there is homogeneity in this respect, i.e. whether all municipalities of the city have the same trend when natural movement of population is concerned. This paper will also show how local authorities and local communities deal with certain demographic problems. Does the City Council implements appropriate measures of population policy and can the city of East Sarajevo expect ’a brighter future’?

КОНТРОВЕРЗЕ ДЕМОГРАФСКОГ РАЗВИТКА ПЧИЊСКОГ ОКРУГА

Author(s): Mirjana Devedžić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 131/2010

Pčinja county is an administrative region bordering Bulgaria, Macedonia and Kosovo, and is featured by a number of demographic peculiarities and extremes. In Central Serbia, this county is certainly the region with the most heterogeneous ethnic distribution; this fact determines differences in fertility transition and the speed of demographic ageing. Almost 90% ethnic Albanians from Serbia inhabit the Påiwa county, and so do 40% of ethnic Bulgarians. In addition, this county is featured by strong intraand inter-regional demographic differentiations, both spatial and structural. Reduction of polarization of demographic development in Serbia at macro and intermediate levels (excluding the Kosovo territory), as well as minor differences between urban and rural environments, have made the county rather specific. Thus this relatively small province includes the one with the highest fertility rate and with the youngest population in the entire Republic of Serbia, five levels of demographic age in only seven administrative entities, the municipalities with the highest and the lowest international migration, a concentration of municipalities with the highest masculinity, municipalities with extremely high illiteracy rates, municipalities without atheists, and so on. Common features of this demographically heterogeneous province are underdevelopment and poverty. They do not manifest in the same way all over the territory; they are rather modified by various cultural factors.

Pušenje kao osnovni faktor preventabilne smrtnosti u Srbiji

Author(s): Ivan Ž. Marinković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

The use of tobacco in Serbia has for many years been one of the most frequent risk factors affecting disease development. Although its impact is often neglected and the effects on health minimised, reviewing the existing literature and calculating the tobacco consumption impact on the mortality of the population in Serbia (using the Peto-Lopez method) show a clear link between smoking and health of the population. Serbian population is heavily burdened with the negative effects of tobacco on health, especially men. At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, mortality from the illness or cause of death associated with smoking was at about 17% of the total mortality. In men, it is estimated that even a quarter of the total mortality is associated with smoking. In the female population, the share of smokers is considerably lower, and consequently the mortality from this factor is lower, about 9% of the total mortality. Of all major disease groups, tumours are most affected by smoking. The share of tobacco-related mortality in neoplasms is high and accounts for 30% (43% in men and 14% in women). In cardiovascular diseases, the impact of smoking is much smaller and about 6,000 deaths per year are associated with the use of tobacco. Since the early 1990s, the number of smoking-attributable death has been growing. Relatively, the share of men has not changed, but for 20 years of analysis the share of women has significantly increased from 5% to 9%. In all age groups, the share of smoking-related mortality has increased in the female population, especially in the 45-69 age range where mortality has been doubled. Surveys on the health of the Serbian population also confirm the trend of increasing the share of women smokers in the population, especially in the categories of young people. Men in Serbia (35-69 years of age) have the highest smoking-attributable death rate in Europe. As much as 44% of total deaths in that age are directly related to smoking. Besides Hungary, where mortality in men is also relatively high (42%), other countries have significantly lower shares. Observed at the level of the entire continent, countries of the Balkan Peninsula (and their neighbours) have the highest shares of smoking-attributable death. Women in Serbia have a moderately high share of 9% and are among the ten most vulnerable countries in Europe. The biggest difference in smoking-related mortality by gender is observed in the Pyrenees Peninsula and in the eastern and south-eastern parts of Europe. These are also the countries with the largest absolute difference in the mortality rate of men and women, thus confirming the hypothesis that tobacco smoke, as a single mortality factor, plays the most important role in establishing a different gender mortality pattern. A high percentage of smokers in the total population limits the growth of life expectancy and affects the difference in gender mortality rate. If a certain mortality factor potentially affects the life expectancy of up to three years for men in Serbia, as shown in the paper, then it is especially important to pay attention to measures of prevention and awareness of the population regarding this issue. Moreover, it is particularly important to recognise the consequences of passive smoking the youth and children are exposed to, since in Serbia there is a great deal of tolerance for smoking indoors.

Református lélekszámcsökkenés 1997 és 2016 között

Author(s): Mihály Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2018

Gyarapodó népességkutatás

Author(s): Emese Vita / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2018

Демографски ресурси округа у Републици Србији: анализа груписања

Author(s): Milan Stamenković,Petar Veselinović,Marina Milanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2017

Bearing in mind how important demographic resources are for the socio-economic development of specific administrative-territorial units, the objective of this paper is to classify the districts in the Republic of Serbia according to the available demographic resources and to create an adequate typology of demographic areas, based on the comparison of values of relevant indicators of demographic and educational resources. These values were calculated using 14 demographic and educational variables, based mainly on the data from last census in 2011. For this purpose, hierarchical and non hierarchical procedures of cluster analysis, as a method of multivariate statistical analysis, were used. The resulting typology and categorization clearly confirm the presence of unfavorable demographic tendencies and pronounced territorial disparities of demographic resources at the district level in the Republic of Serbia. More specifically, approximately 80% of the 25 analyzed districts belong to the type of demographically endangered areas, which are characterized by weak and very weak demographic resources. The obtained "snapshot" of the current demographic situation together with created typology of districts can serve as a useful source for understanding and monitoring of complex demographic phenomena and processes as well as for the definition of measures of population and regional development policies aimed at mitigating the effects of an alarming demographic situation.

Квалитет живота у одраслом добу: социодемографски корелати

Author(s): Ivana Davidović,Jelica Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 165/2018

The main purpose of this research was testing the quality of life in adults in Serbia. In order to obtain a more detailed picture, the sociodemographic correlates of quality of life were examined. The sample included 153 participants of both genders, aged 30-50 with different professional qualifications. The research involves both objective and subjective evaluation of quality of life in seven domains: material well-being, health, productivity, intimacy, safety, well-being inside a larger community and emotional well-being. For the purpose of the research an adapted version of the instrument ComQol (Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale, Adult, fifth edition, Cummins, 1997) was used. The highest level was estimated in areas such as intimacy, health, safety and productivity whereas the lowest level outcame for material well-being and content with a place in a community. Results also show significant differences in quality of life among certain socio-demographic groups, mainly between younger and older, examinees of different genders, educational degrees and marital statuses. Given results provide guidelines for future researches of quality of life in Serbia, therefore they are practical implications important for designing and implementing of programmess for advancement of weak domains in life quality for adults, beside the preventive programmes which would maintain higher quality levels of life already achieved.