КОРЕЛАЦИЈА УПОТРЕБЉЕНЕ МУНИЦИЈЕ СА ОСИРОМАШЕНИМ УРАНИЈУМОМ ИЕТНИЧКЕ СТРУКТУРЕ СТАНОВНИШТВА САВЕЗНЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ ТОКОМ АГРЕСИЈЕ НАТО 1999.ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Obrad M. Stevanović,Slobodan M. Miladinović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This paper explores the correlation of the number of used depleted uranium (DU) projectiles with the ethnic composition of the population in the municipalities (N=208) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), specifically the type, intensity, and reliability of the correlation and the time dynamics of the use of DU projectiles during the NATO aggression on FRY in 1999. Since the number of citizens and the share of Albanian and non-Albanian populations in the total population of the former FRY do not represent the homogenous characteristics of the observed area, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the level of correlation between the number of DU missiles and the population of Albanian and non-Albanian ethnic origin in the observed municipalities. The research yielded the results that indicate direct proportionality between the number of DU missiles and the number of Albanians (r = 0.514, p = 0.000000) and inverse proportionality between the number of specified missiles and the number of non-Albanians (r = - 0.320, p = 0.000003. The determined spatial distribution of DU projectile seriously and lastingly contaminated the living space of Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija, and thus the area of temporary residence of NATO, UNMIK, and EULEX forces in this part of the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The results also revealed that, in the last eleven days of the aggression, NATO forces fired more than a half (54%) of all DU projectiles fired within FRY.

Der demografische Wandel in Europa und die Folgen für Familien

Author(s): Andreas Wittrahm / Language(s): German Issue: 02/2015

Population structure is in transition throughout the European Union. With life expectancy rising and birth rates dropping in most countries, societies are increasingly ageing. As a result, the face of society is also changing: it is becoming progressively older. In addition to demographic changes, cultural changes can also be observed: not only is family size declining, but families are also started later, and motherhood and fatherhood are often detached from the formal establishment of a family. Family policy and social policy must take these changes into account in order to support families in practising mutual care and in their central functions as economic, educational and emotional communities.

Wirkungen der Familienpolitik auf die Fertilität in modernen Wohlfahrtsstaaten

Author(s): Helene Kirschner / Language(s): German Issue: 02/2015

Many European welfare states face far-reaching demographic challenges. Concerns about the future institutional stability of modern welfare states are especially heightened by low birth rates. This study examines the impact family policy measures, current regulations in welfare states and socio-cultural transformation have on the fertility rate of a given country. Findings suggest that family policy may have different effects in different contexts, for its impact on fertility depends, ultimately, on the particular social conditions of the given welfare state.

Россия и иммиграция

Author(s): Josef Koudelka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Russia's population has declined over recent years which could cause demographic, economic and other problems. One of the ways to eliminate this decrease is the support of immigration. However, in Russia, as in many other countries, there are some concerns (an increase of crime, unemployment, etc.) due to the influx of immigrants. These misgivings are also supported by politicians, although there are a lot of studies that show that immigration brings a series of positive results. So if Russia wants to stem the decline of population, it needs to change its attitude towards immigrants and integrate all migrants to Russia.

MIĘDZY IDENTYFIKACJĄ A SEPARACJĄ. WIZERUNEK NOWOOSADNIKÓW W ŁMIĘDZY IDENTYFIKACJĄ A SEPARACJĄ. WIZERUNEK NOWOOSADNIKÓW W ŁEMKOWSKO-POLSKIEJ NOWICY EMKOWSKO-POLSKIEJ NOWICY

Author(s): Urszula Sobczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

This article presents the results of ethnographic fieldwork in the light of which the value in the interactions between Lemkos and new settlers residing in the village Nowica is respect for diversity expressed by the distance maintained. The new settlers are known, tolerated but treated with an exempting from the life of the community contempt. Not having access to the deepest resources of Lemko culture, they do not identify themselves with the actually existing the Lemko community, but imaginary, mythologized Lemko culture.

Rózsa Dávid (főszerk.): Portrék a magyar statisztika és népességtudomány történetéből. Életrajzi lexikon a XVI. századtól napjainkig.

Author(s): Péter Vezsenyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 63/2016

DEMOGRAFSKO-STRUKTURNE PROMJENE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI NAKON DEJTONSKOG MIROVNOG SPORAZUMA

Author(s): Jusuf Žiga / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2016

Although the Dayton Peace Agreement respects the ethnic, religious and cultural multilateralism of Bosnian-Herzegovinian society, in relation to the pre-war period, this multilateralism has undergone radical changes. In addition to the suffering of many people during the war and the massive forced displacement of population both to other countries, and within Bosnia and Herzegovina, negative demographic-structural trends have continued in the post-war period. There was a drastic fallin the birth rate, an increase in mortality and the average age of the local populace, emigration of young people of fertile age continued, as well as the emptying of rural areas, and the uncontrolled influx of population to urban centres that cannot provide the appropriate conditions for life. There was a deterioration of the earlier (pre-war) ethnological diversity of the society that characterized it throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, and which, as a civilizational treasure,developed in this area over centuries.There was a territorial re-constitution of this country, whereby natural traits of the regions and subregions were disregarded, ie. geosystems, especially in terms of the entity demarcation, and in some cantons in the Federation of BiH. There was rather insistence on conqueringand “appropriation” of certain territories only for one of the peoples that live in this country.

Circular human mobility in Hungary

Author(s): Sándor Illés / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

We measure the demographic patterns associated with international circular migration. Firstly, we define the circulation within the conceptual framework of transnationalism. Secondly, we create macro-scale data bank on long-term international circular movers based on an original statistical method. Thirdly, we seek to gain further insight into the composition of international circular movers by gender, age, and family status. The data are obtained from the Office of Immigration and Nationality. The primary database consists of individual data files on legal immigrants. The results of this research indicate that the long-term circulation (multiple mobility) of foreigners to Hungary as the host country is a mass phenomenon. More than 14 per cent of legal immigrants arriving in Hungary were long-term circulars between 2006 and 2008. Of these registered circular movers, 75.9 per cent entered the country for a second time, 21.6 per cent for a third time, and 2.5 per cent for a fourth time. Conclusions indicate the need for future research.

Population projections and migration commissions

Author(s): Michael S. Teitelbaum / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

On the one hand the techniques of demographic projection are essential: they offer powerful and objective quantitative methods that, implemented and interpreted properly, can provide a hypothetical migration commission with critical insights into possible futures - futures that might otherwise not be apparent by examining contemporaneous data. At the same time, if implemented improperly or interpreted naively, such long range demographic projections could represent instruments of confusion, exaggeration, and even deliberate distortion. Both the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the use of demographic projections need to be understood by any immigration commission that might emerge.

Demography and Migration as Human Security Factors: the Case of South Eastern Europe

Author(s): Alexandra Tragaki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2007

Demographic dynamics and population movements have important ramifications for human security and pose new challenges both for public policy and for international relations. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the possible linkages between migration and demography on one hand and human security on the other, focusing on the case of South Eastern Europe. Though the theoretical framework is not as yet fully elaborated, the growing volume of relevant literature reflects a fast-growing interest in the political and international implications of demographic phenomena.

Migrant and non-migrant fertility in Greece: Results based on the 2001 population census

Author(s): Georgia Verropoulou,Christos Bagavos,Cleon Tsimbos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2007

This paper examines fertility patterns and differentials between migrant and non-migrant women in Greece using data from the 2001 census on the reported numbers of children ever-born alive by citizenship. Special tabulations produced by the National Statistical Service of Greece are analysed and presented here. The analysis focuses on Greek, Albanian and Bulgarian women born over 1950-1970. Noticeable differences are observed. Despite the fact that Bulgarian women tend to have their first births earlier, their fertility levels are the lowest. Albanian women exhibit the highest fertility while levels for native women are somewhere in between. Nevertheless, the gap observed among the ethnic groups tends, broadly, to narrow over successive cohorts.

İç Göç Verilerimiz Üzerine Bazı Düşünceler

Author(s): Ayşe Gedik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

In this paper, I reflect on the data prepared and published by State Planning Organisation and Turkish Statistics Institute. Some features of the data and issues are discussed and suggestions are made. The internal migration data published by SPO is based on the genral population census and covers the 5-year periods from 1965 to 2000. Remaining data is based on the adminsitrative registers compiled by TurkStat since 2008 on an annual basis. My criticisms in general covers the continuity of the data, importance of the content, relationships between the institutions and their repercussions for the end users, print and online data release, formal evaluation of the data by the institution and Turkey’s peculiar position.

Wpływ testosteronu na organizm człowieka

Author(s): Monika Wójcicka,Bernadetta Skrzeczyńska,Justyna Biernacka,Iwona Stanisławska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Testosterone is a steroid hormone. In men, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle, bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is essential for health and well-being as well as the prevention of osteoporosis.

The Demographic Factor in Russia's Eastem Territories

Author(s): Joachim Diec / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2008

Drugie przejście demograficzne w dużych miastach w Polsce i jego implikacje

Author(s): Anna Janiszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2022

The transformations of contemporary societies, including the broadly understood modernisation, have an impact on the sociological, psychological, and demographic image of the family. The concepts explaining the transformations of matrimonial and procreation phenomena emphasise the individuality of people, their emotions, feelings, specific needs, as well as the understanding of families in terms of institutions and interests. The theory explaining contemporary changes in the areas of marriage and reproduction is the concept of the second demographic transition, formulated by Dirk van de Kaa and Ron Lesthaeghe at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s. In explaining the importance of factors favouring the postponement of marriage and reproduction, reference was also made to the economic and sociological concepts of civil partnership and marriage, and the increase in preferences to limit the number of children. The article presents the changes in the forms of marriage and family life in cities, using the available statistical data in the period of 1990–2019. The aim of the study was to identify and assess changes in the area of the matrimonial and reproductive behaviour in cities in Poland, especially in large urban centres. The analysis of statistical data shows that the transformations of matrimonial and procreation phenomena vary in time and space. The results obtained from the analysis of matrimonial and reproductive phenomena in large cities confirmed the conclusions of other studies, but also provided new insights into changes in demographic behaviour. The clear disproportions in the dynamics of demographic changes in cities of various sizes, occurring at the beginning of the transformation period, are weakening. In many areas of matrimonial and reproductive changes, the pace of change is currently higher in medium-sized cities. The division of the country into the east, the south-east, the west, the and north which have been different in terms of demographic behaviour – has been confirmed for years. Nevertheless, it is the inhabitants of large urban agglomerations that assimilate new patterns of behaviour the fastest, which is why the spatial differentiation of the forms of marital and family life does not fully correspond to the above-mentioned spatial arrangement. Depopulation processes and the transformations of the demographic structure are a direct implication of contemporary population transformations related to the second demographic transition, especially in terms of unfavourable trends in the ageing of the society and low birth rate. The deepening demographic decline in most urban centres and the ageing of the society forces us to pursue an urban policy which would be focused on the challenges related to this situation. Demographic challenges are of a structural and countrywide dimension, hence they should primarily be of interest to the demographic and social policy of the state. This does not mean, however, that they cannot also be taken into account in the case of urban policy – understood as the territorial dimension of both state policies regarding urban development and development policies conducted by individual cities.

Depopulacja i demograficzne następstwa tego procesu w makroregionie wschodnim Polski w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku

Author(s): Anna Majdzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2022

The Eastern Poland Macroregion – which comprises the Lublin Voivodeship, the Subcarpathia Voivodeship, and the Podlasie Voivodeship – has seen a real annual decline in the population since 1999, which resulted mainly from the migration loss (an annual natural decline has occurred since 2013). These are areas that are rather unattractive in terms of settlement: all three of the above-mentioned voivodeships have shown a negative migration balance for over two decades. Additionally, in the regions of Lublin and Podlasie, the effect of the migration loss is amplified by the natural loss. These two voivodeships differ in terms of the course and intensity of depopulation processes in urban and rural areas. Within each of them there are poviats and municipalities which have experienced depopulation in a long period, as well as those in which an actual population increase is observed.The study seeks to analyse the intensity of the depopulation process in voivodeships, poviats, and municipalities of the Eastern Macroregion, including the identification of those administrative units which experienced an annual decline in population in the second decade of the 21st century. An additional goal was to assess the advancement of demographic ageing and the progress of this process in the depopulation municipalities of the Macroregion in the period of 2011–2020. The study employed dynamics indices, intensity indices, and relative frequencies. The analyses were based on statistical data from the Central Statistical Office.Summarising briefly the results, it should be stated that in the second decade of the 21st century, a relatively least favourable demographic situation could be observed in the municipalities (mainly rural ones) of the Lublin and Podlasie voivodeships, in most cases characterised by a significant, long-term intensity of the depopulation process as well as a high level of advancement of demographic old age. On the other hand, the areas surrounding the cities (especially large in terms of the number of inhabitants) were in a relatively favourable situation.

The typology of first marriage patterns in Europe

Author(s): Anna Majdzińska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This paper aims to present an overview of the main demographic characteristics of Europe’s inhabitants entering into first marriages in the 21st c. and the typology of male and female first marriage patterns in European countries in 2010 and 2018. Additionally, a special index is constructed to compare them for nuptiality as an element of the Second Demographic Transition (STD) in 2018. Also calculated are correlations between the types of first marriage patterns and selected demographic and economic indicators. In order to analyse European countries’ populations in terms of first marriages there were used such research methods as descriptive statistics, a cluster analysis, special STD index, and correlation coefficients. The basis of the analysis is data sourced from the Eurostat database. It appeared that the analysis of the males’ and female’s age-specific first marriage rates in the 31 European countries in 2010 and 2018 produced 22 types of first marriage patterns (which can be grouped into seven main categories). In the majority of European countries, the mean age at first marriage was older in 2018 than in 2010. Countries in Central and Eastern Europe are very different from the rest of the continent regarding the types of first marriage patterns. In 2018, the youngest types occurred in post-communist countries (especially in Belarus and Macedonia) and the oldest ones in Spain, Ireland, Denmark, Italy, and Sweden. Older types of first marriage patterns are characteristic of countries that are stronger economically and/or where the second demographic transition takes place at a faster pace.

The impact of demographic processes on changes in services. An example of the Silesian Voivodeship

Author(s): Franciszek Kłosowski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The aim of this article is to show the impact of demographic changes on the situation in the services of the Silesian Voivodeship and its selected cities. The analysis covers the period of 1999–2019. The method of comparative analysis was applied in the study. The presented material does not allow defining the nature of this impact unambiguously. The dominant trend in the population decline in the voivodship and in most of its cities does not automatically result in a decline in the level of the development of services. We also observe stabilization or even its increase. This also applies to those services that are addressed to people of pre-working age, i.e. the group with the largest regression in the population. However, the dynamic growth in the number of seniors results in a significant increase in the number of institutions and social programs addressed to them. Yet, there is no doubt that services addressed to the elderly do not fully meet the needs of this group of residents today, and taking into account demographic forecasts, they must show high dynamics of development in the forthcoming years.

Моделирование прогноза рождаемости на примере Республики Тыва

Author(s): Tamara K. Rostovskaya,Olga Anatolyevna Zolotareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

Numerous Russian demographers and statisticians have considered the issues of predicting fertility. In recent years, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) has been publishing demographic forecasts, including data on the total fertility rate. However, despite extensive research, insufficient attention is paid to the analysis of the possibilities of using adaptive forecasting methods to assess the future dynamics of fertility. In this regard, the present study aims to build fertility prediction models for regions based on adaptive methods. The Republic of Tuva was chosen for testing as one of the unique constituent entities of the Russian Federation. During the implementation of the Concept of demographic policy, in particular maternity capital, the total fertility rate in Tuva did not fall below the replacement level fertility (2.14). Adaptive forecasting methods, such as ARIMA, Holt’s and Brown’s models, were utilised. In order to select the best prediction model, the study conducted a formal-logical analysis with a comparison of the main characteristics of the forecast accuracy and quality. The obtained results revealed promising development scenarios: moderately optimistic and regressive. The moderately optimistic scenario scientifically substantiated the feasibility of achieving fertility growth in the Republic of Tuva by 2025, focusing on the higher values of the average total fertility rate — 3.10 children per woman of reproductive age — that meets the goals of the demographic policy.

HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN RELATION TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES IN ADULTS

Author(s): Sara SADIKI,Hana SALIU,Naser RAMADANI / Language(s): English Issue: 19-20/2023