Measuring the Distributional Impact of Public Health Spending on Poverty in Nigeria

Author(s): Olawale Ibrahim Olateju,Oludare Tolulope Adeyemi,Mustapha Abiodun Okunnu / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2009

Most African health systems are replicas of what was inherited from the colonial era and are therefore unevenly weighted toward privileged elites and Urban centers. Improved health status leads to increased productivity, educational performance, higher life expectancy, savings and investments, and decreased debts and expenditure on health care. Ultimately this would lead to greater equity, economic re-turn, and social and political stability. The health impacts of climate change can occur through a number of direct and indirect causal pathways, and the severity is in part determined by the adaptive capacity of the population. Those groups particularly at risk include poorer countries and communities, those geographically vulnerable to extreme weather events, and those highly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.The paper examines the impact of public health expenditure, and poverty among the general populace. The trend of the country human development index and public expenditure on health were analyzed using correlation coefficient and regression analysis and simple descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that the variations in the human development index could be traced to the budget estimates.

Енергетичні трансформації в контексті сучасних світоглядних парадигм

Author(s): Larysa Semeniuk,Andrii Semeniuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8 (41)/2022

The article aims to analyse the worldview theories, which have become the basis for the concept of sustainable energy transformations. A number of ideas explaining the close connection between energy and environmental transformations, economic and technological progress of society and the state of the environment are considered. Energy transformations have become the research object due to the processes such as, on the one hand, the understanding of the future energy resources crisis, and on the other, the awareness of environmental problems that can lead to the real threat to humanity. The purpose of the article is to investigate philosophical concepts that lead to a new paradigm of satisfying human, and community needs in energy in the context of international and national economic strategies. The civilizational importance of the problem mentioned above and the urge to solve it at the global and local levels stimulates the curiosity of scientists and the activity of scientific and practical research in various fields. The object of scientific exploration is the economic and environmental effects of implementing renewable energy sources, the investment attractiveness of such projects; the innovative processes of renewable energy implementation and development are studied; environmental impact of various infrastructure elements is evaluated, in particular - in local systems; possibilities of the efficient architecture of the energy and ecological components of the urban environment, territorial communities, etc. are analysed. The concepts of environmental philosophy regarding the need for a harmonious combination of human and environmental needs are increasingly being taken into account in the development of state economic strategies and programs. The article states that an aspect of environmental consciousness change, building a new, socially responsible thinking of an economically and socially active part of society, and, ideally, most of humanity will remain of high importance for achieving sustainable development goals, in particular, sustainable modes of energy consumption

International environmental and climate policy and the directions of transport development at the national and regional level

Author(s): Maria Zych-Lewandowska,Jakub Majewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this paper was to analyse the transport-related content of European environmental and climate policy documents and to identify those elements that will be key in shaping transport development in individual countries and regions in the coming decade. In the first part, the authors present an overview of the most important documents defining environmental protection and climate change goals in the European Union. In the second part, the most important guidelines, which should affect the actions undertaken in the field of shaping and developing transport, were indicated. A short analysis of the processes occurring on the transport market in Poland and their convergence with the recommendations included in the documents was also included. The summary presents conclusions concerning the necessity of complementing national documents with the latest EU recommendations.

(Um)welt-ethos. Creation, ecology and environment in ecumenical perspective

Author(s): Pablo Blanco-Sarto / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

Christianity is sometimes considered as guilty of the ecological miscare throughout history. The words ‘economy’, ‘ecology’ and ‘ecumenism’ come from the same word (oikos – house) and remain very close in their respective developments. But Welt-ethos must be preceded by a Welt-logos and by an Um-welt-logos, that means that Nature has her own voice in our relationship with the Planet. This is a counter-intuitive principle in the history of Christianity, whose position has been sometimes ambiguous. An historical approach can help us to understand better these abstract ideas as incarnated in the present moment. This ecumenical and ecological spirituality is lived not only by monks and friars, but also by all believers in Christ, and the theology of creation is an ecumenical meeting-point between all Christians. In this study we will follow here a biblical, historical, ecumenical and comparative methodology, for understanding how was lived this issue in the Christianity, and how must be lived in the future.

Klímaszorongás vagy ökoaggodalom? Egy radikális ökopszichológia felé

Author(s): Gergely Csányi,Kata Dóra Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 31/2022

Application of Mindfulness Practices in Work on Stress Reduction during the War

Author(s): Larysa Mishchykha,Nataliia Cherniavska,Viktoriia Kravchenko,Nadiia Vityuk,Myroslava Kulesha-Liubinets,Olena Khrushch / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The mindfulness practice involves working with internal mental states based on awareness and the ability to be present in the here and now, contributing to stress reduction. Implementing a stress reduction program is highly relevant in the context of the war in Ukraine. Our research focused on internally displaced persons in Ukraine (20 persons) affected by the war's consequences (loss of loved ones, property, housing, and employment). The program spanned 8 weeks and consisted of 8 sessions in a group therapy format. The structure of the group sessions comprised three main components: working with personal emotions, cognitive processing, and using meditation. It was necessary to alleviate emotional tension by helping participants become aware of their feelings and cognitions and prepare them to enter a meditative state effectively. The results of our work showed that before the start of the therapy group, the stress level of the 20 persons, as measured by a subjective introspective scale, was 9 points (ϭ = 0.45; ϭ2 = 0.2), while after its completion, it reduced to 6 points (ϭ = 0.22, ϭ2 = 0.05). Our research results demonstrated that mindfulness practice has a beneficial impact on reducing stress reactions in individuals during times of war and can be successfully applied in the work of clinical psychologists and psychotherapists as a practical approach to addressing and overcoming stressful situations, particularly during the war.

Zabić marketing, śmierć zarządzaniu!

Author(s): Michał Pałasz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The aim of the paper is to show that management and marketing, in terms of their interpretations dominating in the Polish higher education, are structurally unsustainable in a world that attempts to respond to the climatic and ecological challenges. The subject and starting point of the article is the critique of two popular definitions of management and marketing. The research problem relates to the incompatibility of social practices, such as contemporary management and marketing, with the scale of the challenges of the Anthropocene and the need to search for new, even utopian, ways of organizing reality. The main research questions are: are management and marketing practices in their current shape sustainable in a world that has decided to face the climatic and ecological challenges, and why is so.

Overprotection as a Factor of Anxiety in Adolescents

Author(s): Alina Proskurnia / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The article aims to identify adolescent anxiety as a personal trait, one of the most dangerous consequences of an overprotective parenting style in modern conditions. The methodological basis of the study involves a set of diagnostic methods (diagnosis of parental attitudes, diagnosis of personality motivation for success, parental attitude research instrument) using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, correlation and regression analysis, and other methods of mathematical statistics. The empirical research has found that excessive care, especially in mother-dominant families, leads to pronounced overprotective. The authors of this article found a direct correlation between this parenting style and the levels of anxiety and motivation in adolescents (an inverse correlation between anxiety level and motivation for success was found). High personal anxiety was recorded in 33% of adolescents, which indicated a negative experience of suffering anxiety. The practical value of this article is due to an integrated approach to the tasks of correctional psychology, which should consider both the personal predisposition to anxiety in adolescents and their early experiences of anxiety. At the same time, educational work with parents and psychological methods to reduce adolescent anxiety are equally important. The involvement of wartime contexts in the perception of the issue raised makes this article original.

LOCUS STANDI OF THE RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE ENVIRONMENT – UNIVERSAL AND REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISMS

Author(s): Marija Mladenov,Nenad Stefanović,Svetlana Marković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Despite that the right to an adequate environment is an integral part of international law for more than 50 years, there are still numerous challenges to its effective judicial protection. Among the issues affecting the right is proper entitlement to raise a claim with respect to the right, as well as those relating to justiciability, procedure, interpretation and effective remedies. In light of the aforementioned, the paper will contribute to the ongoing discussion by providing analysis and insights into the main features, admissibility criteria, and compliance procedures related to the right to an adequate environment before international and regional judicial and quasi-judicial entities. The scope of the paper is to clarify how the right to an adequate environment can be assessed in regard to effective judicial protection, legal remedies applied and, consequently, the coherence that the judicial brings to the global legal order.

URBANIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE: ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) AND STIRPAT ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY

Author(s): Mortaza Ojaghlou,Erginbay Uğurlu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Urbanization and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The goal of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, urbanization, and achieving sustainable development in Turkey from 1990 to 2020. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis are employed in the article. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the variables of the STIRPAT model: the coefficient of economic activities and urbanization affects CO2 emission positively. This means that urbanization and the expansion of economic activity have a significant impact on environmental degradation. These results are also confirmed by the N-shaped Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) that is detected for Turkey.

The Influence of Parenting Styles on Adolescent Development

Author(s): Daniela Maria Boșca,Daniela Cojocaru / Language(s): English Issue: 82/2023

If we talk about parenting, it can be said that there is a great diversity among families, due to the fact that cultural aspects have a major impact on how children are raised. Several researchers have analysed over time the relationship between parenting styles and various developmental disorders of adolescents, but also the relationship between parenting styles and children’s school results were considered. Many of these researches drew attention to the fact that there are consequences that affect public health, namely the health status of adolescents (Lahey, 2009). A large part of the research looks at the four parenting styles described by Carlson, Laczniak Wertley (2011) based on the research of Baumrind (1991). They created a matrix with 2 x 2 axis, in which permissiveness and restrictiveness are on the vertical axis, and warmth and hostility on the horizontal axis. Between these two axes are located the four parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative or democratic, indulgent or permissive and neglectful. This article analyses the characteristics of the four parenting styles and how they influence the child’s development. Parental control, children’s responsibility, parental warmth, parental responsiveness are just some of the factors that have been examined in relation to the development of children’s autonomy in general and in adolescent’s autonomy in particular, school results, socialization, including social behaviour of adolescents as well as consumers in the marketplace.

Concept of Sustainable Development in Local Philosophies of Scandinavian Countries

Author(s): Magnus Borre Bragdo,Ligia Tuszyńska,Ilona Żeber-Dzikowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article was inspired by the cooperation between two university teams implementing a Polish-Norwegian project Green Schoolbag for the Earth Climate. The project was aimed at preparing early school pedagogy teachers and students for the implementation of education for sustainable development (SD). A study trip to Norway and sharing experience gave rise to studying Norwegian curricula and educational literature. The study findings revealed that local educational philosophies and SD in the four Scandinavian countries differ in social, cultural and educational terms. The article presents the historical background to introducing SD into social and cultural habits in each of the countries and, consequently, lifestyles typical of the inhabitants of these countries. Four types of lifestyles are compared: Finish sisu, Norwegian friluftsliv, Danish hygge and Swedish lagom. The analysis proved that Scandinavian countries have similar climate and values as regards their attitudes to nature. However, differences in local philosophies are visible and their inhabitants present specific lifestyles, different behaviours and social and cultural principles behind their attitudes to the SD concept. The conclusion of the article puts an open question about Polish people’s local philosophy, lifestyle and SD education.

Idea miasta zielonego – analiza porównawcza miast Europy Środkowej (przykład Warszawy, Pragi i Budapesztu)

Author(s): Anna Hulicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2022

The main aim of the article is to compare the implementation of the green city concept in capital cities above 1 million population in Central Europe, i.e. Warsaw, Prague and Budapest in order to evaluate the degree to which each of these cities implement the assumptions of the abovementioned concept to achieve urban sustainability. An analysis of strategic documents on urban planning as well as data bases of the three cities was carried out. The results allowed for measuring the progress and effectiveness of the environmental policies of these cities and determining their achievements and shortcomings when it comes to realizing the green city model. Additionally, for the purpose of this research, an attempt at elaborating the definition of a ‘green city,’through determining four phases of its development, was made. Thus, the article is solution-specific, in that it points at possibilities of the development of Central European cities as regards the implementation of the green city concept.

Социоаналитическо просвещение: една възможност

Author(s): Miglena Nikolchina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

Ekofeminizm ve Ekososyalizm Yaklaşımlarıyla Çevre Sorunları ve Ekoloji

Author(s): Elif Ekinci Özyardimci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

As ecological problems reach a global dimension and threaten all living things, these problems have been on the world agenda especially in the last period of the 20th century and the attention of feminists has turned to ecology movements. This process brought a new dimension to women's studies in the western societies of the 1980s: Ecofeminism. Global ecological problems, which started to make itself felt in the 1970s and enveloping the world, started to be of interest in ideologies as well as in many areas of social life. At this point, ecosocialism came to the fore with the ecology discussions within the Marxist framework, and it started with the determination that the capitalist mode of production in Marxist thought exploits both labor and nature. In the first part of the study, the concept of ecofeminism, environmental ecofeminist approaches from the perspective of ecofeminism, and criticisms of ecofeminism will take place. In the second part, the ecosocialism approach will be discussed; The concepts of ecocentrism and technocentrism will be explained. Marxist approaches to nature and environment will be discussed. In the conclusion part, a general evaluation will be made about these two approaches.

Effects of National Easing Monetary Policy on Chinese Enterprises’ Investment

Author(s): Xing WANG,Ximing SUN / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2023

Enterprise investment is closely related to cost of capital, and cost of capital is affected by lending rate driven by national monetary policy. For instance, the retail interest rate (including deposit, loan interest rates) of a bank would rise during the practice of tight national monetary policy. Excessively high loan interest rate would reduce enterprises’ investment due to increasing cost of capital. In this case, corporate investment behavior could be understood from national monetary policy. Taking listed companies publicly offered by Shanghai Stock Exchange and Taipei Exchange as the research samples, the open annual information from the database are acquired. Industry peculiarities, financial, securities, and insurance industries applicable to special accounting standards, as well as construction industry are excluded, and samples with incomplete or omitted data are deleted. The research results show that 1.the practice of easing policy in national monetary policy allows Chinese enterprises holding higher free cash flow, 2.Chinese enterprises with positive free cash flow appear higher investment behavior, and 3.the practice of easing policy in national monetary policy results in higher investment behavior of Chinese enterprises. According to the results, it is proposed to discuss the evaluation basis for impacts on industrial development during monetary policy. The results could assist policy makers in better understanding impacts of national monetary policy adjustment on enterprise investment effect as well as provide business managers for evaluating the effectiveness of national monetary policy.

Інвестиційна складова розвитку туристичних дестинацій

Author(s): Olena Sushchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8 (41)/2022

The article presents principled approaches to the development of tourist destinations, primarily due to the investment component. The need for the development of rural and green tourism destinations in order to solve the problem of disproportions in the socio-economic development of rural areas and diversification of the rural economy is justified. It is shown that the development of rural and green tourism destinations is closely interrelated with environmental issues, to which attention is focused not only at the state, but also at the global level. Popularization of the development of rural and green tourism in Ukraine will allow not only to solve the environmental problems of the regions, but also to become one of the directions of diversification of the rural economy, since tourism, according to the statistics of the World Council on Tourism and Excursions and the World Tourism Organization, is the largest dynamic industry in the world. The suspension of business activity of a large number of tourism business entities led to the loss of their competitive positions, and for some to further exit from the market. To restore their functioning, it is necessary to attract investment resources, as well as to develop appropriate support programs at both the regional and national levels. Investments in tourism activities will contribute to the further effective development, first of all, of the Ukraine regions. The specifics have been analyzed and the main directions of investment attraction in the field of tourism have been determined. Considering the rather low investment activity in the tourism sector, and especially capital investments in the development of the tourism sector in rural areas, it is advisable to intensify the cooperation of business entities with specialized funds, venture capital companies and other institutions, in particular with the Fund for the Development of Rural Areas. The possibilities of solving the problem of attracting financial resources for the financing of tourism projects have been determined. The main factors influencing the development of rural and green tourism are highlighted. A generalized action plan for the development of rural and green tourism is proposed. According to it, it is necessary to solve the tasks set in the direction of investment support for the development of rural and green tourism, increase the efficiency of management, organize partnerships with state authorities, develop quality standards for rural estates of Ukraine, improve the qualifications of subjects of tourist activity and create a marketing plan for the development of rural and green tourism.

„Člověk pokouší krajinu“

Author(s): Mariana Machová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2023

This study explores the possibilities of an ecocritical reading of the work of the Czech poet Jiřina Hauková (1919–2005). Despite the position of Jiřina Hauková’s poetry in the canon of modern Czech poetry, her poetry has not yet been analysed from this perspective. The starting point for the study is contemporary Anglo-American thinking on “ecopoetry” and “ecopoetics”, which emphasizes the exploration and systematic revision of our intimate yet ambiguous relationship with the natural world and a complex grasp of the otherness of this world.

Myšlení a psaní jsou vždy vtělené

Author(s): Tereza Dědinová,Petr Bubeníček,Timothy Morton / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2023

Female activists in environmental movements on Instagram: An ecofeminism perspective in the Indonesian context

Author(s): Bruce Dame Laoera / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Social media has become an essential instrument for activists and organisations to campaign and share their activism in the digital sphere. In Indonesia, many activists utilise social media to create and interact with the audience; and expand their networks, including in environmental activism. Numerous studies have analysed the importance of environmental organisations and activists in combating the climate issue; however, only a few have examined how female activists depict and discuss environmental activism on social media from an ecofeminist viewpoint, particularly on Instagram. The contributions of female activists may provide broader and more critical views that link environmental challenges with other issues. Therefore, the growth of online networks not only opens the chance to participate in transnational activism and movements but also may lead to a rise in the number of female activists who can voice their opinions and campaign on environmental concerns, particularly in the Indonesian context.