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The authenticity of Milutinovic’s collection of folk poems — gathered at the end of the third decade of the 19th century, mostly during 1828, in the regions of the Old Montenegro and Old Herzegovina (among the Bjelopavlics, the Moracans, the Rovcis and the Pipers) — is proved by their comparison with the poems with the long and short verse from the so-called Bogišic’s corpus, which were recorded about a hundred years before in the neighbouring areas, and printed for the first time only in 1878, 41 years after the publication of Milutinovic’s Leipzig Pjevanija (Poetry).
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Even nowadays, folklorist studies compound one of the main disciplines in the post-communist countries. From a historical point of view, this is related with the process of national state building and as a consequence the study of folklore is instrumental zed and improved from the communist power to build its own strategy. Folkloric studies and traditional music especially, were taught in schools and universities as part of national culture. The way how are perceived and constructed these books emphasizes the idea of folklore as an ideological and political structure. We could say that the lessons of traditional music have influenced the culture of masses that was developed after the fall of communism. This article studies the period of communism when knowledge on folklore was instrumental zed in favor of the national state building.
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Kada je sakupljao snimke i tekstove koji danas čine srž zbirke što nosi njegovo ime, Milman Parry išao je za ciljevima koji su se razlikovali od ciljeva mnogih, ako ne i gotovo svih folklorista i sakupljača njegovog vremena. To je možda dijelom zato što on sam nije bio folklorist po profesiji. U godini njegove smrti, 1935., Milman Parry bio je docent na Harvardu, predavao je grčki i latinski, a specijalizirao se za proučavanje Ilijade i Odiseje. Kada je u ljeto 1933. krenuo u ono što se tada nazivalo Kraljevina Jugoslavija, prije svega ga je zanimalo da provjeri svoju hipotezu o načinu stvaranje homerskih spjevova – hipotezu koja je kasnije postala poznata kao “teorija usmene formulacije”.
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This article explores references to written culture in traditional Bosnian Muslim poetry and folklore as a means to understanding how people understood literacy and books in a predominantly oral culture. In particular, it aims to ask: what was the significance of possessing books in such a culture? While examining links between literacy and orality in pre-modern Bosnia in all their complexity falls outside the scope of the present study, the article aims to contribute to the topic by referring to two sources rooted in orality and folklore: oral poetry and beliefs and customs related to book-culture.
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Narodna tradicija čija je esencija očuvana u neformalnom, tzv. narodnom prakticiranju, a ne u formalnim institucijama – bilo političkim ili religijskim – nerijetko je bila žrtvom selektivnog gledanja na historiju, društveni razvoj, historiju jezika, ali i predmetom redukcionističkog ideološkog tumačenja, pa i manipulacije.
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Structural functionality is based on the positivist philosophy tradition which is represented by scientists such as Comte, Pareto, Durkheim, Spencer, Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown among others, in terms of its origins. According to this theoretical approach, social unity, balance and harmony are shaped by the functional relationships between the whole system and its components. The importance of structural functionality in culture and folklore studies comes from it lends itself to shedding an objective light on the social whole, understanding change and transformation of structures, and thus determines functions of each sub-part within the social system. According to Parsons’s sociologic analysis method, one of the most important characters of structural functionality, every action system has four basic functional imperatives. The system itself and its sub-components are obliged to perform these functional imperatives. These functional imperatives are adaptation, goal attainment, integration and latency and pattern maintenance. Any malfunction that occurs in one or more of these imperatives will stimulate change of the structure. In other words, if the functionality has decreased or disappeared in institutions, i.e. in sub-parts of the system, then one of four results will happen: 1. A total variation in the structure. 2. A partial variation in the structure. 3. Destruction of the structure. 4. The Substitution of another structure for the said structure. As well as this formulation being a basic hypothesis of our article, it is in fact also a reflection of the contribution which we wanted to make to structural-functional analysis relating to “change”. Examples, which we gave generally from ritual-based folklore frameworks upon the relationship between change and functional imperatives model, can be enriched with those in other areas.
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In this article, the relation between fear of the uncertainty and misogyny, the roots of which are rooted over thousands of years and continue to exist today as in every age, are discussed. The history of culture and civilization is the history of humankind controlling uncertainties by setting down boundaries and rules for themselves. Since the oldest states, where potency became abstract and institutional, potency and man have become identical. It is seen in myths and rituals, which are circulated as the instruments of legitimization of power, man is related with potency and social order whereas woman is encoded as a threat to the order, thus a potential danger. The representation of woman as disorderly and eerie in mythical and religious speeches reveals that misogyny has deeper roots, rather than being just a sexist and a moralistic reaction. Misogyny that we face today is the socio-psychological remnant of the primordial fear of uncertainty and the patriarchal domination that has lasted for thousands of years with its historical, imaginary and logical ties. These relationships can be shown via metaphoric, allegoric or symbolic items in the myths, fairy tales, practices of name giving. Water is often associated with women as the main metaphor of uncertainty due to its fluidity. Snakes, saying and some other symbols, which are occasionally encountered as metaphors for the woman, are the words that symbolize the danger, the fear of uncertainty.
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In the course of time, observations, experiences, and impressions about the general attitudes and behaviors of an individual become stereotyped and turn into the words which characterize a certain situation and/or events. These words reflect the viewpoint of one person against another, the world, and the society of which s/he is a member. From this perspective, proverbs and idioms contain the viewpoints, evaluations, and judgements about concepts, situations, and facts which societies develop within the context of socio-cultural issues. This research is based on the general screening model and emphasizes the perception of women in terms of gender in proverbs. The research analyzes how women are perceived in individual, domestic and social life or how they are made to be perceived by society. It is clearly seen from the research that proverbs and phrases about women are frequently evaluated within a domestic sphere and familial relationships. The perspective of a society toward women becomes integrated with the roles of women in social and domestic life. The gender perception of women in society has religious, economic, political, social, and cultural differences. There are also different perceptions about women’s sexuality, education, and familial bonds. Within this criteria, the thoughts and judgements about the concept of women in proverbs are either affirmative, negative, or a combination of the two. This research finds that the situation of women in proverbs is mostly determined by a brother, father and/or a husband in a male dominated family.
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Od młodszej generacji różni mnie i moich rówieśnikówsposób, w jaki zostaliśmy wychowani. Kiedy byliśmymali, kładło się nam do głowy, że tylko pracąi wysiłkiem można do czegoś dojść. Bez tego nie byłobymnie w miejscu, w którym jestem teraz.
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In diesem Artikel befassen wir uns mit Gruβformeln in der bosnischen/kroatischen/serbischen Sprache und in Deutschland bzw. Österreich. Wir behandeln Gruβformeln aus kultur-linguistischem und politischem Aspekt, und defi nieren sie als Teil der Identität eines Individuums. Die Begrüβung wird als Ergebnis und Bestandteil der nationalen Geschichte gesehen. Wir teilen Gruβformeln in drei Gruppen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer geselschaftlichen Funktion. Schlüsselworte: Begrüβung, Bosnien – Herzegowina, Deutschland, Identität, Österreich.
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Dva desetljeća djelovanja svakoga festivala koji tretira kazališne i scenske djelatnosti, a i mnoge druge kreativne i umjetničke aktivnosti ljudskog duha, pokazuju njegovu trajnost i stabilnost – na jednoj strani, a na drugoj – kreativnu pronicljivost i produkcijsku umješnost. Događanja u okviru Dana Matice hrvatske – Mostarskog proljeća, tijekom dva desetljeća postojanja, postala su nezaobilazna društvena i kulturološka činjenica. I to ne samo za grad Mostar i državu Bosnu i Hercegovinu, već i mnogo šire. Programski sadržaji u svojoj strukturnoj raznolikosti privlače pozornost – kako posjetitelja, tako i šire javnosti, nesmanjenim intenzitetom. S umjetničke točke gledišta, scenski sadržaji izvedeni u okviru Mostarskog proljeća pobuđuju pozornost vrhunskim ispoljavanjem kazališnog i drugog scenskog iskaza, što ovu kazališnu i scensku svetkovinu svrstava u red najprepoznatljivijih u regiji.
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The two decades of the work of each festival, which treats theatrical and stage activities, and many other creative and artistic activities of the human spirit, show its durability and stability on one side, and on the other creative perception and production craftsmanship. Events within the framework of Days of Matica hrvatska – Mostar Spring have become an inevitable social and cultural fact for over two decades of existence. And not only for the city of Mostar and the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but much wider. Program content in its structural diversity attracts attention both visitors and the wider public with uninterrupted intensity. From the artistic point of view, the scenic contents performed within the framework of Mostar Spring arouse attention to top level by displaying theatrical and other scene statements, which makes this theater and stage festivity one of the most recognizable in the region.
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The report presents results from field research that took place in the Catholic Church “St. Marry of Lourdes” (2016) in the city of Plovdiv. This article is focused mainly on the social and charity activities, per¬formed by the catholic organization, and more importantly by the five sisters from the order “Mother Teresa’s mercy”. Examined are two types of social activities- the first, related to the charity works for the poor, and the second-organized social work among gypsy children from Stolipi¬novo district. In the charity works that I joined, I had the opportunity to observe one specific case of religious conversion. Gypsies, which feel themselves as Turks and Muslims, who wear pendants with St. Marry of Lourdes, St. Teresa of Calcutta and crosses. Even though they barely understand the Bulgarian language, namely spoken, they pray to God un¬der the name of Allah, in Catholic Church in the presence of religious people- sisters, nuns and priest. That made me interested in researching the unusual situation as example of religious transformation, taking place in an urban environment. The present summary places the problem of the religious transformations in the urban habit, put in the context of the so¬cial factors that cause them. Presented is one possible approach towards the explanation and analysis of some problems that concern the socio-religious sphere. The main line of the analysis that concerns the factors, related with the cultural diversity, offered by the urban area, forming on specific, in confessional sense, identity. Presented are a few specific strategies of the city person that serve as transition beyond the confessional boundaries and connect with the social interactions and the survival in the urban environment. The social benefit (divident) puts the question for the religious transformations in urban environment, where the individual maneuvers between two religions and two realities, that is to say he is between the need and the social advantage, (that is to say between the penury and “to have in order to exist”), between your own and that of the other, between Allah and Christ.
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This article deals with the education of modern young people through traditions and beliefs of the Kyrgyz people on national pedagogical principles. The goal is to raise patriots who love their homeland. Another characteristic of Kyrgyz philosophy is that mother tongue, word art is valuable.
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Artykuł przedstawia źródła powstania pilotażowego projektu współpracy interdyscyplinarnej pomiędzy studentami Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej i Instytutu Kultury Polskiej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. W procesie współpracy studenci korzystali nawzajem z właściwych im narzędzi badawczych i projektowych w celu stworzenia spójnej koncepcji przekształcenia określonych przestrzeni miasta.Cel badań. Głównym celem tegorocznej edycji warsztatu jest spotkanie dwóch perspektyw patrzenia na miasto: antropologicznej i architektonicznej oraz wypracowanie metody współpracy przedstawicieli obu dyscyplin. Referat ma na celu przedstawienie założeń projektu oraz doświadczeń, które stoją u źródeł jego powstania.Metody badań. Autorki opierały się na materiałach zdobytych podczas prowadzenia zajęć warsztatowych. Kluczowa była analiza procesu powstawania projektu, podczas której najważniejszymi okazały się nie same metody prowadzenia badań, a wzajemny wpływ i sposoby współpracy pomiędzy studentami Politechniki Warszawskiej, a studentami Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Wnioski. Przeniesienie współpracy interdyscyplinarnej na grunt akademicki owocuje poszerzeniem możliwości wykorzystania antropologicznych metod badania miasta, jako narzędzia wspomagającego proces projektowy.
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