Timpul și cultura

Author(s): Liliana Trinca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2015

The conceptualization of time is directly related to people’s culture since it is formed as a result of practical cognitive activity and has national specific traits determined by historical, religious, natural, geographical and social peculiarities. Time is measured and used totally differently on different continents and in different countries. Depending on this, nations are classified into monochronic and polychronic. To determine the place of Romanian people in this classification, we conducted a survey involving 242 young people of Romanian origin. While punctuality is self-evident in Western society, in Romanian society, in which the Oriental influences are felt, punctuality and discipline are not so rigid. As for the attitude to the value of time, Romanians are pluri-active, i.e. time is interpreted by them as goods that can be manipulated, shaped, expanded or as something you can do without, no matter what the clock shows

Krajobrazy sieci. Kosmografia Zbigniewa Blukacza

Author(s): Marek Pacukiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

Zbigniew Blukacz’s paintings fit in the contemporary considerations about the form and content of the cultural landscape. The work of the artist documents the mediation between the nature and culture. It brings back the contextuality of the landscape, but it also presents the landscape as an effect of the interpretative work of culture. Nevertheless, the central point of this work is still a human: creator of the culture placed in the space.

Соотношение знания и информации в развитии современных социальных практик

Author(s): Nikolay Alekseevich Knyazev,Rimma Gennadievna Buyankina,Ruslan Aleksandrovich Zukov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

Introduction. The article presents an overview of the analytical material on the significant problem of relations between knowledge and information and their impact on the innovative changes in social practices. The article aims to explore a fundamental change in the cultural interaction sphere of scientific knowledge and information, and the impact of this interaction on the innovative development of social practices in the fields of higher education and improving quality of life. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on the theory of post-neoclassical type of society and its key concept of "knowledge society". The authors used interdisciplinary and systematic structural approaches to disclosing the nature of modern science and its importance in addressing current social, cultural and educational tasks of innovative development. Results. The authors have analyzed the impact of the integration processes in the modern science on the development of social practices and the relationship between knowledge and information. Scientific knowledge is considered as a basis of production and consumption of in-formation. The impact of science as a special branch of social production on the mechanism of interaction of knowledge and information has been analyzed. The article shows how the regional innovative policy is connected with the flagship University, involved in improving the quality of life. The authors demonstrate the attitude of scholars to the concepts of "knowledge" and "information" as key categories of science, which contribute to understanding the complex processes of transformation in modern society. In solving significant problems of improving the education system, the authors emphasize specialized training and degree programs, which enable users to create editable content in a variety of search results of required information from large databases. It is emphasized that in the period of transition to a "knowledge society", development of its major sides determines entirely new opportunities for social forecasting. From a his-torical point of view, one of the main prerequisites for the development of contemporary interdisciplinary processes is the transformation of science to a special branch of social production which took place in the mid-twentieth century. In this regard, three main features are revealed: science is characterized as a direct productive force; mechanisms of interaction with the main branches of social production are established; science is considered as one of social spheres involved in active relationship with other aspects of society, especially, with education and improving quality of life. Conclusions. In accordance with the aim of the article the authors disclosed the modern structure of scientific relations determining the development of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary interactions in conditions of increasing information flows. These interactions are included into the processes of innovative convergence of society, authorities and businesses, where the flagship university plays a key role. In the framework of science as a holistic social system, the authors identified three characteristics which play an important role in the development of social practices aimed at improving the degree programmes and quality of life.

Twitter jako przedmiot badań socjologicznych i źródło danych społecznych: perspektywa konstruktywistyczna

Author(s): Olga Rodak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Twitter received special attention of social scientists for at least two reasons. Firstly, this social networking site is a social phenomenon, influencing communication and organizational practices. Secondly, Twitter is a repository of structured data, which may be used in order to study phenomena either related or not directly related with social impact of this medium. The purpose of the following paper is to summarize knowledge, which, in the author’s opinion, is necessary to smoothly and fruitfully use Twitter for conducting sociological inquiry: either this, in which Twitter is an object of analysis, or the one in which the service only delivers analytical data. As technology reconfigures social practices, being at the same time shaped by those practices, sociology of Twitter demands first of all understanding of the character of this technology as well as the influence of this technology on research practices, which are here understood as social practices. The article shows transformative character of Twitter in these two aspects. Constructivist perspective enables to understand the medium itself, as well as the character and limitations of data produced through it.

Применение обучающих программ на игровых платформах для повышения эффективности образования

Author(s): Elena Vitalievna Soboleva,Anna Nikolaevna Sokolova,Natalya Ivanovna Isupova,Tatiana Nikolaevna Suvorova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

Introduction. The article is devoted to solving the problem of improving the methodology of learning gamification in the context of the state, society and education demands. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the inadequacy of available methods and game technologies based on the analysis and generalization of scientific and theoretical sources and methodologi-cal developments for the computer games use in teaching, taking into account new challenges to the education system, the needs and interests of students. Materials and Methods. The methodology of the study is composed by the analysis of psychological, pedagogical, methodological and technical literature, computer educational games of foreign and native authors whose authority and scientific reputation are recognized by the scientific community. Observation methods (structured, unstructured, participant observation) were also used, in particular observation of the educational process and observation of the students’ activities. The methods of research are determined by its goals, tasks of a particular stage, conceptual approaches implemented in the study, which provide the necessary depth of studying the main aspects of the problem. Results. On the base of the history of informatization of Russian education, the practice of introducing computer games into the learning process and the methodological conception of gamification of educational process, the opportunities provided by the inclusion of a computer and other IT tools in the learning process are analyzed. The necessarily of improving the meth-odology of computer games using is substantiated by the analysis of the positive and negative aspects of including computer games in the educational process as a whole and, in particular, in the process of teaching computer science in the conditions of changing the paradigm of cognition, where the priority attention is paid to the formation of unique skills of distributed (fore-sight) intellection. The article suggests recommendations for improving the efficiency of the educational process when computer games are included in training, finding the best balance between two differently directed positions and preserving ergonomics in the framework of the system-activity and personality-oriented approach to learning. Conclusions. The article proves the expediency of a new approach to the gamification of the educational process, aimed to form a new game style of thinking prepared not only for finding non-standard solutions, but for strategically verified solutions, suitable for use in the real world.

VIRTUALICS: WHERE DID THE DIALECTIC?

Author(s): Stasys Paulauskas / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In this article author presents created and used in practice formalised development modelling theory Virtualics, which was applied for recognition of historic path of human world outlook from Physics, Metaphysics to Dialectics and Virtualics. It named on rhetoric question “Where did the dialectics?”, which means the lack of existing methodological knowledge to give opportunities to forecast future of societal life. In the article are presenting Humanity’s mental innovation virtual model, main trichotomies of the form and the content of World outlook change. Author shows how dialectical quality leap was transited to logical element 0-1, 1-0 of computing system, cybernetics used dialectical approach for virtualisation of World’ relations in computers and internet. Developing from 1980th years Virtualics is successfully applied for recognition, modelling and innovation of large scale macro and micro transition processes. Author shows how it could be useful in recognition, positioning and sustaining of nowadays scientific, political, economic, and other challenges.

Активната комуникация при дигиталните технологии

Author(s): Kyril Gotzev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

WSPÓŁCZESNE TECHNOLOGIE INFORMATYCZNE – SZANSE I ZAGROŻENIA

Author(s): Zbigniew Ciekanowski,Henryk Wyrębek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The dynamic development of information technology has caused that man is becoming more and more dependent on computers and related devices. At the beginning of the 1980's computer was only a tool which main purpose was to perform complex scientific calculations or use in military purposes. Currently, the telecommunication devices accompany man in almost every aspect of life, starting with performing the work tasks, relaxation and maintaining contacts with friends. Information technology dominated the state management with its key elements, one of which is, among others, critical infrastructure. With the growing addiction of society from information technology, also threats from the attacks in cyberspace grow. This fact is used by terrorist organizations, which results in the emergence of a new, dangerous for the world, threat – cyber-terrorism.

Исследование функционирования трофических сетей методами имитационного моделирования

Author(s): V. V. Brygadyrenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2005

The algorithm of simulating the trophic net in a system consisted of 1 producer and 8 consumer species, which linked by 14 trophic relations, using Microsoft Excel is presented. Dynamics of productivity and biomass consumption in the model system are analyzed. Regularities of consortium nets functioning are stated.

Mental files. Triggering mechanisms, metadata and ‘discernibility of identicals’

Author(s): Mieszko Tałasiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper initially follows the final part of the debate between singularism and descriptivism to the point of convergence, and discusses the notion of acquaintance less singular thought (such that there is a compromise available between hitherto competing parties). Then a sketch of a mental files model is presented. Firstly, the triggering mechanisms for opening files are discussed. Two kinds of discourse situations, acquaintance-situations (A-situations) and decoding-situations (D-situations), are identified and different triggering mechanisms are postulated for each. Secondly, a bipartite structure of a file is introduced, combining an objectual part, encompassing what traditionally has been associated with the notion of a mental file, serving the purpose of storing information about the referent of the file, and a metadata part, serving the purpose of storing information about the file itself. Being capable of encoding a variety of types of mental files, this structure is then employed to illustrate how singularity/descriptivity of the files can be manipulated (as in the case of descriptive names) and how we can account for the cognitive discernibility of files containing identical objectual information and grounded with the same acquaintance relations.

New games criticism

Author(s): Tomáš Farkaš / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1/2017

The main goal of this article is to bring a closer look at a phenomenon of new games journalism, which is then compared with so-ca lled „new journalism“. This was developed between 1960 and 1970 and was characteristic for its pure subjective approach and shift from standard journalism that was usually keeping the author in the background for the sake of objectivity. Even though this term was discussed as early as in 19.century, the term „new journalism“ was first codified by a journalist Tom Wolfe in 1973. Even if there is not a clear and explicit definition of this term, one of its characteristic features was an approach typical for literary fiction. Author of this article seeks an answer for a question whether aspects of a new journalism, generally perceived as negative (“truth” over facts, subjectivity, formal and stylistic ambiguity, occasional as saultiveness…) has the same effect in the context of a critique of digital games. Digital games are works of fiction per se, their primary goal is to concentrate all of their auditive, visual and narrative features onto a specific, individual player (or gamer). At the same time, the relationship between a game and a player is one of the primary concerns of the new games journalism, which we further focus on, and which was first defined by comic book writer and former game journalist Kieron Gillen in 2004. Simultaneously, author of this article contemplates the function of a review in this specific context and compares it to modern formats of gameplay or let´s play video. One of the objectives of this article is also a further definition of specific features of new games journalism (mainly in its audio-visual form) and description of its abstract and hybrid shape. The objective is not to list all of these features, but rather creating a space for further examination of this topic. Also, this article is not about a school of literary critique called “new criticism” (founded by J. C. Ransom). For a further understanding of some of the features of new games journalism, the author decided to utilize a work of a youtuber Jason Gastrow, better known as “Videogamedunkey”. In this context, the author also examines the role of big videogame webs like IGN or Gamespot and explores the new ways how the form itself can be perceived.

Infotainment Journalism in Times of Crisis: A Case Study in the Greek-Cypriot Press

Author(s): Irene Photiou,Theodora Maniou,Nikleia Eteokleous,Elena Ketteni / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

This study examines the characteristics of Infotainment Journalism in a society under crisis. Using the Greek-Cypriot press as a case study, we contrast news reporting during 2013 (after the onset of the banking crisis) to the preceding year. In the course of the study, both quantitative and qualitative analytical methods are employed; formal content analysis used to investigate the occurrence of various infotainment features in news stories, and framing analysis to explore how these are established. This study shows a significant rise of infotainment characteristics in the news during times of crisis, while in new items/reportages where infotainment characteristics are present, stories seem to be presented in predominantly humanitarian frames, indicating an effort to present hard and soft news in a socially relevant manner. Although a significant increase in its occurrence is observed after the onset of the banking crisis, infotainment does not become a dominant, or even a major, journalistic type.

ПРАВО ПРИВАТНОСТИ НА ИНТЕРНЕТУ (позитивноправни оквир)

Author(s): Predrag Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 52/2008

Internet is a global cybernetic information network in which many subjects participate as users of different information. In that global virtual communication space different information are exchanged and that creates a question of security and integrity of the data, authenticity,user's identity, as well as confirmation of receipt and sending of data.Data found in the cybernetic space can be endangered by various individuals or legal entities, institutions and government bodies. To protect the data, states make various laws and legislation that provides data protection, but at the same time they legalize control of data, and not controlled collection and processing of data on Internet by state authorities. The question is, which authorities can control private data,which are cases when the law allows electronic control, how individual scan protect their privacy from e-surveillance or monitoring in the“situations allowed by law”. In particular, the question is whether the laws on the protection of privacy bring in the opposite order to legalize the administrative control of privacy. It is a sensitive issue of boundaries of state control and privacy in virtual reality.

Nałogowe korzystanie z gier komputerowych a funkcjonowanie interpersonalne i intrapersonalne młodzieży – badania pilotażowe

Author(s): Andrzej Cudo,Mateusz Dobosz,Łukasz Basaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Introduction. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between young people’s beliefs about the their interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, self-image and the world and their compulsive tendency to use of computer games. Material and methods. The study involved 270 high school student, from which 142 computer games players were selected for further analysis. The study used The Problem Video Game Playing Questionnaire (Tejeiro Salguero, Bersabé Morán 2002) and The Questionnaire on Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Attitudes and those Towards the World (Wysocka 2011). Results. Boys exhibited more symptoms of compulsive use of computer games than girls. In addition, in their population there were groups who demonstrated varying severity of compulsive use of computer games with visible differences in their self-esteem, beliefs about interpersonal relations and attitudes towards life. Conclusions. The problematic use of computer games concerned, to a greater extent, male adolescents. Therefore, they should be the group to which preventive measures should be directed. In addition, some further research on the specifics of females playing computer games is needed.

Pokolenie Alpha – nowy wymiar tożsamości?

Author(s): Małgorzata Gruchoła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Living in society is inherently connected with the processes of identification, classification and self-classification. This combined with the multiplicity of goods creates patchy and sometimes surprising manifestations of identity and lifestyles. One of such manifestations may be “immersion” in information and communication technologies, which becomes a source and a tool of shaping identity. The article examines the question of whether and, to what extent, media technologies determine man’s life and his/her identity. Generation Alpha is analyzed in detail in the context of the Internet of Things. This analysis is preceded by a synthesis of Generation Y and Z, with Generation X deliberately omitted. The discussion of the features characterizing representatives of these generations is preceded by theoretical considerations on the following terms: identity, generation and the Internet of Things. It has been assumed that media users are not a homogeneous group; they differ in terms of their first and subsequent contacts with media technologies, their sensitivity and competence. These differences are mainly dependent on in the generation they represent. The identity and lifestyle of customers/media users are mostly determined by when they were born. An analytical and descriptive method is employed in the article.

Zagrożenia w cyberprzestrzeni a bezpieczeństwo jednostki

Author(s): Jadwiga Żuk,Monika Żuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The dynamic development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) contributed to the emergence of a new field of activity; that is cyberspace. It is one of the most important changes in the safety environment that carries a completely new security threat and, therefore, requires new regulations, protection and information to assure security of the institutions and people who use cyberspace. In the era of globalisation, cyberspace does not have any barriers, which can lead to many conflicts between hostile states, gangs, terrorists, extremist groups, hackers, the frauds or even paedophiles. Thus, as one can see, the stakes are high when it comes to securing critical infrastructure or financial companies’ results as well as citizens’ safety, including children.

New Patterns of Media Consumption. TV Series on Demand as a Form of Virtualizing the Social Space

Author(s): Antonio Sandu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The thesis “Producţia şi consumul filmelor seriale în era digitală” [The Production and Consumption of TV series in the Digital Era], presented at the Babeş Bolyai University of Cluj, under the coordination of Professor PhD Elena Abdrudan, is remarkable through its exceptional documentary on the use of TV series and the peculiarities of this social phenomenon, correlated with the development and widespread access to the Internet.The results obtained are of particular importance for the understanding of the social phenomenon studied from a transdisciplinary perspective, based on the specifics of the communication sciences, as well as on a pertinent sociological research, also involving a number of specific elements of marketing research. The amount of work involved in preparing the paper is impressive, and the results are in line with it, the paper reaching its research objectives.

Professional and Career Consulting as a Factor of Professional Self-determination of the Youth

Author(s): Olga V. Galustyan,Lyudmila E. Solyankina,Oleg N. Slobotchikov,Sergey M. Kuleshov,Alexey V. Solyankin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

This paper presents the essential characteristics of professional and career consulting, its features and the role for effective professional self-determination of the youth, and the choice regarding future profession. The concept of professional self-determination of the young person is described. The authors conclude that professional and career consulting should be carried out throughout the entire period of the person’s professional development within three stages. The essential characteristics of the stages of consulting are indicated.

MEĐUGENERACIJSKA POKRETLJIVOST PREMA MESTU ROĐENJA

Author(s): Slobodan Vuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/1997

The author analyses the intergenerational mobility according to the results of several empirical researches and specially according to the results of the research carried out by the Consortium of sociological institutes. All these researches unequivocally indicate that the mobility of the population born in the city is larger then the mobility of those born in the village. Mobility towards the higher social groups is specially shown to be dependent on the place of the birth. The ways of social promotion are appreciably less passable for the individuals from almost all social groups who are born in the village, then for those born in the city.

DRUŠTVENA ORGANIZACIJA SAZNAJNIH DELATNOSTI (I)

Author(s): Vojin Milić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/1983

The paper is divided in two main parts: in the first part (the introduction and the following two sections) are discussed the theoretical problems of the social organization of cognitive activities, while in the remaining sections are briefly analysed its specific traits in different epochs of the Europe's history.