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This article examines the way people’s psychology influences the creation of TV news and its contents in terms of meaning and structure without disrupting its state of being authentic, factual and documentary. The analysis is based on people’s psychology factors which create particular models of human behavior related to the individual’s upbringing, intelligence, education and culture. How does this combination of characteristics influence different people’s perceptions evoked by the images on the TV screen and their psychological impact? How does people’s psychology determine the variety of rules in the sphere of information, including the ways it created and distributed? In the article, we are attempting to prove why journalists who work for TV companies should take into consideration the people’s psychology of the particular ethnic group in the process of transforming the events into news. We have examined the methods of creating and distributing TV information implemented by several TV media, such as CNN, BBC, AL-JAZEERA, etc.
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In the paper the author analyses and presents through practical examples the use of storytelling as the bearer of the persuasion and change ideology. The course of usage is presented through its inception in film industry, mass media to virtual reality. The author has explained how storytelling became part of the panoptic view and participation in the hegemony of power in such way that it assures the rules for behaviour as well as the pedagogy of change. In this paper storytelling is presented as the memory keeper and bearer of strategic project because it possesses the power which cannot be manifested in the control and discipline but in the collective story and memory.
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This article looks at selected examples of e-literature and related fields to explore strategies of creating communicative openness towards the reader. Przybyszewska focuses on two different approaches: the text’s programmed playability, which results in the work’s performative nature, and strategies of including readers’ actions or gestures (most often gestures that overlap with in the imagined universe) within the sphere of the work. This inclusion conditions the reader’s ongoing discovery of the story, or it even influences the work itself. These devices strategically open text to the reader (which mirrors expectations in cultures of participation); they help strengthen the literary mechanisms of immersion or projection-identification, and finally, they facilitate the audience’s entry into the imagined universe and they highlight specific literary values.
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The article presents a reconnaissance of the humanistic origins of postmodern interdisciplinary field called children studies. Szymborska identifies two opposing approaches within the mainstream of children’s research, namely the paedocentric and paedomorphic. The first is associated with the studies of Gertrud Lenzer, Sarane Boockock, William Corsaro, who have spurred on the recent transformation of child activism into children’s activist narratives in the field. Szymborska sees this phenomenon as an attempt to build a ‘child-story,’ i.e. a counter-history from child’s perspective. The second direction is rooted in Tyson Lewis and Richard Kahn’s posthumanist notions, influenced by Rosi Braidotti’s posthumanist theory. This movement proposes a non-anthropocentric, zoomorphic approach to childhood in the context of what is known as exopedagogy. These researchers’ paedomorphic annihilation of conceptual dualisms and of the hierarchy of species represents, for Szymborska, an adultocentric reduction of the child’s subjectivity to its hypostases, which are expressed in discourse through the symbiotic hybrid of the humanimal.
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Das Zusammenleben einer Vielzahl ethnischer und konfessioneller Gruppen auf engem Raum wurde seit der Frühen Neuzeit als eine Besonderheit Siebenbürgens sowohl von Reisenden als auch von den Bewohnern der Region selbst hervorgehoben1. Im Folgenden sollen die bisher nur punktuell beachteten visuellen Zeugnisse dieses Neben- und Miteinanders der Ethnien und Konfessionen in den Blick genommen werden. Die meisten Darstellungen der Bewohner dieser Region stammen aus dem 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bilden dabei gemalte Darstellungen, die zu sogenannten Trachten- oder Kostümbüchern zusammengefügt wurden. Zu diesem weit über Europa verteilten Quellenkorpus gehören größere Konvolute in Bologna, Bukarest, Debrecen, Graz, London und Hermannstadt sowie einige kleinere Folgen in Berlin und Budapest (siehe Anhang).
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In the current article, the living interiors of interwar Lithuania are discussed from the aspect of the relation between modern and conservative tendencies. The author seeks to reveal the discourse of the modernistic thought and find out how the new aesthetics was put into practice in a living space. Modernist propaganda in interior furnishing began to manifest itself in the 1920s and gained momentum in the 1930s, with the acceleration of the processes of the society’s modernization, the growth of cities, and the merging of traditional lifestyle with new forms of daily life. Modern culture in Lithuania was associated with progress and renewal. It was directed not only to introducing innovatory aesthetics, but also to overcoming backwardness. Lithuanian citizens were acquainted with the main features of modern architecture on the popular level. The authors of the articles ( Juozas Valentukonis, Mikalojus Vorobjovas, Halina Kairiūkštytė-Jacinienė) that appeared at that time were advanced specialists in their fields, well aware of the importance of the culture of daily life in forming a conscious society. However, the publications lacked deeper theoretical insights, and methodical advice based on practical logic – how to build and furnish a house in a more economical, simple and sanitary way – prevailed. With the aim to consolidate the professionalism of craftsmen, schools and courses of fine crafts were established. One of the important centres of training was the Evening Courses for Decorators established by the Ministry of Education in Kaunas in 1932, in which the creative abilities of apartment decorators were trained, their interests were expanded, and their taste was developed. An innovatory environment took root in Lithuania under the impact of local needs and traditions. Although the tendencies of functionalism and rationalism were reflected in interior furnishing, the conservativeness of the citizens, the limited financial possibilities of the state and individuals, the restrained attitude to the new aesthetics, and possibly the ideal of a cosy home became a hindrance to the radical development of innovations. The understanding of contemporariness did not clash with the traditional aesthetic norms and national features, which were adapted in the conditions of a new era.
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The article analyses the phenomenon of poverty and aims at assessing the culture of poverty among the households receiving social benefits in Lithuania. The concept of poverty is discussed as well as the main causes of poverty are analysed in the first part of the article. In this context, a special focus is placed on the theory of poverty culture. Macro and micro-level analysis of poverty situation in Lithuania is carried out in the second part of the article: on a macro level – poverty and social exclusion indicators in Lithuania are analysed in the context of EU Member States; on a micro level – the analysis of data obtained from the survey of recipients of social benefits in Lithuania is carried out. The survey demonstrated some signs of poverty culture in the households receiving social benefits in Lithuania. Manifestations of the poverty culture in the mentioned social group were mainly evidenced by blaming external environment for poverty of their households, fatalism as well as frustration with government and employers. This article is based on the findings of the research which was commissioned by the non-governmental organisation Caritas Lithuania and conducted by the authors of the article in 2014.
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The article deals with the accessibility of education as one of the most important human well-being transformed society principles. Access to education for transformed society guarantees the personal social mobility, career and income, the key indicators that affect the welfare state index. Empirical research on the education availability of various social groups is also presented in the article.
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The article presents results of a study aimed at exploring social concepts associated with bodily ‘normativity’ and ‘passability’: the notion of normative body weight and attitude towards over- and underweight individuals. We were particularly interested in the common concepts and notions associated with normative body weight as well as possible reasons for rejection of people whose bodies do not fall within the socially shared knowledge of what the ‘right’ body is. The article presents results of a qualitative, interview-based research study conducted with the use of visual materials.
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CEE countries are experiencing post-socialist transformations. The new ideas that are coming from the Western part of Europe or USA are kindly welcomed in the former socialist countries. With these new ideas, in the CEE countries has appeared a new phenomenon – gated communities (GC) – as the new-style residential settlements that become the symbols of territorial segregation. This phenomenon in Lithuania is not so often, but during the last years the number of such neighbourhoods has increased and currently we count around 30 GCs in our country. In public and academic literature that is analysed and presented in this article, the appearance of such territorial structures in the cities and their regions is considered controversially. On the one hand, it is pointed out that these settlements create a positive atmosphere, economic value, social infrastructure for both: settlement residents and also for the neighbourhoods where they are located. On the other side stand the opponents of GCs who underline that these settlements segregate the society and they provide with the list of negative effects of these gated settlements again for both: GC residents and the ones who are left “outside the wall”. The main questions that are raised in our research are the following: does the emergence of gated communities influence the segregation in the cities/city regions? How do the GCs affect the residents of these settlements and the society that is left “beyond the wall”?
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The article discusses the notion of ex libris and their dissemination in Šiauliai and Šiauliai University, the first ex libris in Lithuania, the activity of their collectors and the first creators in Šiauliai, Artist Gerardas Bagdonavičius, a creator, promoter of ex libris and a pedagogue, artists’ exhibitions, competitions, awards.
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Way of life of Slovaks in the Low Land was and remains a continually evolving socio-cultural system which is very vividly and naturally responsive to the surrounding environment and circumstances that have been brought about in different historical periods. The important question is not just which elements of their way of life are typically "Slovak" , but rather to what extent and how can the Slovak community maintain ethnic consciousness, mother tongue and communication links with Slovaks during the entire period of the separation. The paper presents characteristics of current Slovak minority in Romania in the context of historical development, and also presents selected aspects of empirical research of the Slovaks living in Romania.
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On the basis of documents of Central state historical archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), Department of manuscripts and textual studies of T. Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Manuscripts of V. Vernadskyi National library of Ukraine this article deals with the significance of Kharkov, St.Vladymyr (Kyiv), Novorossiya (Odessa) Universities’ scientists’ activities for development of Ukrainian-Czech-Slovak relations in the second half of the 19th century. The article notes that Ukrainian-Czech-Slovak scientific and educational links strengthened cultural unity of the Slavonic peoples, enriched inter-Slavic cooperation. National rebirth of the Slavonic peoples, based on French Revolution (1789) ideology and Romanticism, accompanied by the deepening of interest in the history, folklore, ethnography, national languages and literatures, the growth of Slavs’ national consciousness, eventually – the flowering of science, education, art and centuries-old traditions of inter-Slavonic ties.
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This article deals with two independent cultural centres in Slovakia – the Stanica Žilina-Záriečie (Žilina-Záriečie Station) cultural node and the Záhrada (Garden) independent cultural centre, a non-profit organization which is based in Banská Bystrica. Particular attention is paid to certain dramaturgical tendencies, functions and associations made with a particular spatial location as well as the cultural centres’ influence on the specific regional cultural climate and overall location. The article maps the background to particular activities in the development of theatre culture and covers the special arrangements put in place for the emergence and existence of individual works from a perspective asserting that the physical realization of particular residencies is of unequivocal benefit to the laboratory-like cultivation of the contemporary poetics of independent theatre and dance.
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In this article, we demonstrate the size of family background effects in various regions of Russia and Estonia, concentrating on urban and rural differences, addressing the idea that the family background effect is moderated by school level admission policies. Having common path-dependent educational institutions from the communist period, the countries differ in both the extensiveness of the welfare state and system level school choice policies. However, we see many commonalities in both systems, especially at the urban school level. The family background effect is defined as the dependence of student achievement on family background characteristics, such as parental education, income and social status. In operationalising family background, the number of books at home and parental education are used as proxies, and its effect is measured as a percentage of the individual level PISA 2012 score. We contribute to the literature by studying school choice, its key characteristics and moderating effects by school level admission policy in an urban environment.
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The paper takes into consideration the problem of confession as a particular case of a technique of the self in the area of university discourse. The article consists of two parts. It opens with a brief description of the Foucauldian concept of governmentality as a theoretical background for the discussion. The main part of the text includes an attempt to justify the thesis that the philosophical concept of confession adequately describes the relationship of knowledge-power that has become popular in discursive practices at contemporary university. In the conditions of “audit culture” and “convergence culture”, the questions of the techniques of confession, that is about the obligatory language and the figure of the Other to whom we confess, have become the key issues.
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The paper scrutinizes the process of spatial emancipation of Ukrainian women. It analyses the role of fashion in spatial deprivation of women and their exclusion from the public sphere as well as the role of fiction in the formation of the image of a specially emancipated female. It traces the impact of spatial freedom and geographic mobility on gender identities of Ukrainian women.
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The actuality of a paper is stipulated by nessesity to study the sources of Soviet identity and gender ideals of post Soviet society on the material of film, literature and songs as forms of culture which are the best representations of the gender ideals. The aim of the studies is to analyze the evolution of gender politics and myths, owing by to socio-political changes in the Soviet and post-Soviet societies. The methods of research are gender critics, psychoanalysis, poststructuralist deconstruction, semiotics. The sources of Soviet identity and gender ideals are typologized in the conclusion.
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