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Wpływ wybranych czynników społecznych na międzynarodowy łańcuch dostaw zwierząt przeznaczenia rzeźnego

Author(s): Marta Wincewicz-Bosy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 406/2015

International supply chains of animals for slaughter destination is the area of multivariate analyzes. This article attempts to characterize the supply chain with the identification of parameters which it creates in the areas of international exchange, manifesting themselves mainly in the analyzes of export and import volumes. The values of these turnovers demonstrate its importance. Therefore, the aim of this article is not only to identify those values, but also to present the supply chain of animals for slaughter destination, and to indicate the influence of selected social factors on their location. The article presents the figures for turnover in live animals and meat based on the analysis of statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). On the other hand the selected social factors allowed for the identification of three models of location change of the supply chains of cells, the most typical for this area.

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Around the Bloc: Lithuanian Elves Do Battle With Russian Trolls

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Around the Bloc: Lithuanian Elves Do Battle With Russian Trolls

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 03/29/2016

Now in the hundreds, the elves try to turn the tide in the comment sections of the country's websites.

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Securitatea statelor europene: anomie vs asimetrie in strategii

Author(s): Iova Titel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2015

The summary analysis of the security programmatic documents reveals the presence of some new elements of the security environment called asymmetric risks, unconventional risks or new type risks. All these don't offer clues about their nature and impact on the stability states.

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Environment protection in the legal system of Albania:

Author(s): Shkelzen Selimi,Xhezair Zaganjori / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2016

The scope of this article is twofold, on one hand; it makes an analysis of the current situation of the environment protection through the criminal law in the Albania, by proving a legal landscape on the current criminal conducts as are foreseen by the Criminal Code of Albania. It starts with an introduction which aims to highlight the status play of the increased attention that is being shown for the environmental protection in the global arena. Then it makes an assessment on the definition of the environmental harm, and the technical-legal approaches utilised for the protection of the environment. After that, this article makes a description of the legal concept of environment in Albania and analyses the existing criminal offences as they are foreseen by the Criminal Code. On the other hand, the article makes a preliminary assessment of the new coming reform on the environmental crime in Albania, by trying to identify the problematic issues and their address by the draft-law. The conclusions reached at the end shows the evolution of the concept of environment and its protection, welcomes the new reform by noting the need of the judicial authorities to be trained in order to be fully implemented.

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WHY THE CULTURAL IDENTITIES OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE ARCTIC ARE MORE ENDANGERED THAN THEY SEEM

Author(s): Krzysztof Kaczmarek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Global warming is a fact. The reason for this can only be a guess. There are hypotheses claiming that the climate changes are consequences of human activities. Other hypotheses say that such occurrences appear regularly every few thousand years. As early as the beginning of the twentieth century some scientists noticed indicators of the growth of the global average temperature. Regardless of the reason global warming is observable mostly in polar areas. Nowadays about four million people live in the Arctic including native inhabitants. Global warming impacts on all of these including indigenous peoples of the Arctic whose cultural identities have always been related to nature. They have always lived in harmony together with nature, they have been a part of it and have never tried to fight against it. A changing climate can make them give up the way their ancestors used to live. Afterwards it can cause the disappearance of their languages and cultures that languages are parts of. Besides for many decades all indigenous people had been thought to be at a lower development level than new arrivals so today almost all languages spoken by indigenous peoples of the Arctic are endangered. All indigenous peoples of the Arctic have common points in their histories like deprivation of lands and suppression of languages and traditions. Most of their ancient customs and religions are forgotten but there are many material marks that are important for future generations. It is very important to preserve the marks and the knowledge of their languages because the value of them is priceless. Today native inhabitants of the Arctic live in countries with various law regulations so their situation is different in each country. Some of them have some autonomy, but others still seek it.

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Marginal Islands and Sustainability: 2,000 Years of Human Settlement in Eastern Micronesia

Author(s): Frank Thomas / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

Low coral islands in the Pacific are often perceived as marginal habitats for human settlement. This view is supported by the small and fragmented islet landmass, poor soils, lack of perennial surface fresh water, and extreme vulnerability to flooding by storm waves, and more recently, rising sea-level attributed to global warming. The atolls and table reefs of Kiribati and the Marshall Islands have produced some of the earliest dates for human settlement of eastern Micronesia. Sustainability for the last 2,000 years was just as likely the result of relatively low population densities, low impact extractive technologies, and efficient use of limited resources, as the application of intentional and unintentional conservation practices.

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History and Environmental Crisis

Author(s): Alice Bullard / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

The earth has existed for 4.54 billion years; biologically modern humans have been around for only 200,000 years. 99.9% of the entire time earth has existed, it existed without modern humans. In the mere 200 years of industrialized capitalism our species has developed into a threat to the life-sustaining systems of our planet. Writing law and forming governing institutions adequate to confront this crisis is a daunting task that demands international legal regimes based in an emergent theory of human species-governance that acknowledges the rights of the living earth. This essay examines how existing environmental governance is plagued by weaknesses and coopted by neo-liberalism. A number of environmentally dedicated individuals have charted pathways forward, but we do not yet have a coherent edifice of policy and practices that will solve the environmental crisis. The promising emergent link between environmental law and human rights requires leverage from a richer conceptualization of the environment to deliver effective environmental governance. The difficult task ahead of us is to develop law that recognizes the rights of evolved life on earth and that vests humans with the responsibility to respect and protect the evolved world.

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»Wuai, Kesiazheh, Nyengui:« History and Livelihood Challenges in a Cameroon’s Montane Forest Reserve

Author(s): Henry Kam Kah / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2015

This paper examines the challenges Laimbwe people face in utilizing resources in the Kom/Wum Forest Reserve in Cameroon for their livelihood. The reserve was created in 1951 and since then movement into and exploitation of resources therein was regulated by forest guards and those who went ahead to do so were punished. The increase in the population of the villages in and around the reserve has forced many to venture into the forest to sustain life. This illegal encroachment for food and shelter has led to rapid deforestation and created more conflicts between the users of the forest and officials of the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife in Cameroon. The government seeks sustainable use of the forest and its resources for the benefit of the nation, the local population, and other stakeholders in the forest sector.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL THOUGHT IN SLOVENIA: A SHORT OVERVIEW

Author(s): Katarina Polajnar,Aleš Smrekar,Matija Zorn / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2014

In the paper, we are shedding light on the course of development of environmental thought in Slovenia. The first nature protection (but not environmental protection) programme in Slovenia was written by the Museum Society in 1920. It is considered one of the most well-founded nature protection documents of that time in international context. Direct effects on the environment were not felt yet, with the exception of certain industrial plants. First aspirations for concerted environmental protection efforts occurred in early 1970’s. This was the consequence of increasingly deteriorating state of the environment. In the 80’s, concerted efforts were put into raising awareness among the people and the responsible state authorities about the importance of environmental protection. At that time, civil society movements started to emerge, pointing to the problems related to pollution of the Krupa river, operation of the Krško nuclear power plant, locations of nuclear waste disposal sites and pollution caused by the Šoštanj thermal power plant. Individual activists had been fostering the idea of becoming formally associated, which led to the establishment of the party Greens of Slovenia. In the first multy-party elections after the World War II in 1990, the party won as much as 8.8 % of votes which made it relatively the strongest green party in Europe. Significant shift in environmental protection in Slovenia occurred after the country became independent in 1991. Two years later, the first framework Environmental Protection Act was adopted, which was aimed at addressing environmental issues from the perspective of sustainability. Although the issue of the environment and its protection became somewhat marginal in the society until the outbreak of crisis, we have been witnessing significant positive changes also in this area, in legislation as well as in actual behaviour.

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CIVILNO DRUŠTVO I UDRUGE NA PODRUČJU ZAŠTITE OKOLIŠA U HRVATSKOJ 1989. - 2014.

Author(s): Vladimir Lay,Jelena Puđak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

In this paper we will outline three time periods through which we will describe the main developmental processes in formation of civil society and environmental movement in Croatia. In the first part of paper we will describe beginnings of civil society formation in Croatia still being a member of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Awareness of environmental problems in Croatia and Yugoslavia appeared relatively early, during ‘70 (last century), not lagging much behind the developed countries, but still in a quite smaller extent. Reactions of the system regarding warnings about environmental deterioration and pollution coming from below have been restricting and civil society had limited impact. As the political system changed, and as Croatia gained independence, new processes are appearing on the civil society scene. In second part of paper we will describe development and change of non-governmental organizations / environmental movement in the period from 1990 till today. Over past 25 years number and profile of environmental NGOs in Croatia has changed constantly in number and character, but in last couple of years the civil society ‘scene’ has stabilized and matured. In third part of paper we will outline the state and profile of environmental non-governmental organizations in Croatia in 2014. Then we will adress most recent relevant surveys, Sustainability Index of civil society orgnizations and Civil society index, and we will outline the part of qualitative research that refers to the sectoral perception of environmetal NGO-s. Finally we will concludeabout the state and direction of environmental organizations development in Croatia.Regarding the later we can speak of well-formed and developed environmental movement in Croatia, although not mass and large-scaled. The state of environmental organizations is improved in almost every aspect, except in financial segment regard in the economic crisis. Nontheless, dispite the improvments in public perception, environmental organizations are still not recognized as equal partner by the policy and private sector.

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»KAKO TO NIJE ZAŽIVJELO ? ZAŠTO TO NIJE ZANIMLJIVO ?« – SNAGA I OBEĆANJE EKOFEMINIZMA U HRVATSKOJ

Author(s): Marija Geiger Zeman,Mirela Holy / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

The article elaborates the position and the role of ecofeminism in the Republic of Croatia whereat ecofeminism is being analysed as holistic and layered context, circuit that is composed of different theoretical positions, forms of activism and different ways of life, oriented by specific life philosophies and spirituality forms. For the purpose of better and complex insight in ‘The Power and Promise’ of ecofeminism (Karen Warren), the author of the article has organized two focus groups which displayed that ecofeminism is not visible in the Croatian academic society as well as there is no existence of ecofeminist movement in the Republic of Croatia. It was also revealed that individuals with academic, activist and personal affinity for ecofeminist idea are trying to apply these ideas in daily life, which for some participants include spiritual practices close to ecofeminism as well. The ecofeminist dialogue have opened and set out a various issues concerning: an academic attitude toward critical theories and alternative knowledge; the position of feminism and its different variations that have been articulated on the activist scene; contemporary and future problems on the Croatian activist scene; issues regarding identity strategies; alternative religiosity and, ultimately, the future of ecofeminism itself within Croatia.

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POKRET ZA PRAVA ŽIVOTINJA U RH: POKUŠAJ PREGLEDA

Author(s): Suzana Marjanić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

The article stems from a review of the animal rights movement in the Republic of Croatia, in both its theoretical and activist orientation. Namely, as far as theoretical animal studies is concerned the key role has been played by Nikola Visković – university professor of Law at the Faculty of Law in Split who introduced the multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary concept of cultural zoology and/or cultural animal studies into our community in 1996. In relation to the activist orientation of the animal rights movement, here the emphasis must certainly be on Croatia’s first animal rights organisation – Prijatelji životinja [Animal Friends Croatia] founded in 2001, to be followed by another a year later, by Glas životinja [Animal Voice], which has Christian, or more precisely, pre-Christian inspiration. We have, of course, singled out the distinct role of individuals, such as Hrvoje Nežić and Domagoj Pintarić, who founded Kolektiv Obrana istine [the Truth Defence Collective] at the end of the 1990s, conducting the first anti-speciesism actions in Zagreb and its environs. We include four conversations in the article (with Hrvoje Nežić, Domagoj Pintarić, and representatives of Animal Friends Croatia and Stop Speciesism), hoping also to record directly the activist voice. However, I was unable to speak with members of the Oslobođenje životinja [Animal Liberation] and Veseli vegani [Merry Vegans] organisations, since they are no longer active; or with Animal Voice since I spoke with them in 2007 about the issues encountered by that otherwise unique organisation with its pre-Christian orientation, with outlines of that conversation given in this article.

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Razvoj i suvremena preobrazba krajolika naselja Danilskog polja kod Šibenika

Author(s): Ante Blaće / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

The paper discusses development and transformation of the landscape influenced by contemporary modernization in three settlements of the Šibenik hinterland – Danilo Biranj, Danilo and Danilo Kraljice. At first, basic demographic features were analyzed that show gradual population decline and abandonment of agriculture in the second half of 20th century. Afterwards, the development and transformation of settlements affected by the construction of basic communal infrastructure and other objects was examined. The second segment of the transformation that is related to changes in the use of agricultural land was researched according to data from four periods; half of the 19th century, early and mid-20th century, and the beginning of the 21st century. Analysis showed that the land was most intensively used in the first half of the 20th century and the least intensively at the beginning of the 21st century. Conclusively, the current landscape of Danilsko polje settlements is mostly rural landscape with a sub-sample of the agrarian landscape and a smaller number of technical (industrial) landscape samples.

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ODABRANE TEME IZ PAŠKE POVIJESNE TOPONIMIJE . SOL , DRVO , VJETAR I VODA : GLAVNE ZNAČAJKE PAŠKOGA POVIJESNOG OKOLIŠA U SREDNJEM I RANOME NOVOM VIJEKU

Author(s): Branimir Brgles / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2014

Analisyng the historical attestations of toponyms on the island of Pag, and using a interdisciplinary approach, the author is concerned with historical relations of the islanders with their environment. By using a wide variety of interdisciplinary methods and approaches of history, onomastics, archeology, geography and other related sciencies and humanities concerned with the historical environment, it is possible to satisfactingly explore how the inhabitants relate to and interact with the natural world around them. The main purpose of the research is to point out the environmental features of the island of Pag in medieval and early modern times. The methodology used involved historical attestations of Pag’s toponymy aswell as closely analised historical kontext and relations between the people of Pag and their environment. Mostly by using the histotrical sources, and (on a smaller scale) fieldwork, the author has allocated several important environmental features which had immense impact on the historical development of the island of Pag. Firstly, one must mention sea salt, the most important medieval and early modern export product. Shipbuilding, seamanship and maritime trade are very important economic activities in the history and economy of every island. The historical sources and attestations of toponyms validate these assumptions. In historical sources one can find numerous toponyms whose motivation for naming we can relate to woods, forest, or shrubs. The question is: was the island of Pag in medieval and early modern times covered with rich forests, or do the numerous toponyms whose naming motivation we connect to woods and forests prove otherwise? Another important feature of the island of Pag is bura. Bura is a cold, northernly wind which often bring salty rain and even snow. Many toponyms on the island of Pag were motivated by it. Doubtlesly, bura is the most important natural facilitator of deforestation. The last feature that is being depicted in the article is water. Modern geographical and geological research showed us that one could fing fresh water springs, puddles, and other refferents connected with water all over Pag. Once again the historical attestations confirmed the hypothesis, together with geological data, forcing us to conclude that the island of Pag had always been rich with fresh water.

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CONFLICT AND CONSENSUS REGARDING RESOURCE POLICIES IN A BORDERLAND OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE: PERSPECTIVES ON AND PERCEPTIONS OF FORESTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN TRANSYLVANIA AT THE END OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AND IN THE NINETEEN-CENTURY

Author(s): Dorin-Ioan Rus / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2014

In general, conflicts between the official-scientific and traditional knowledge were generated by unfamiliarity with resources, lack of forestry education and illiteracy. Traditional knowledge is more typical of the rural Romanian population, while Saxons and Hungarians proved more receptive to innovations and ready to adapt to new realities. From a historical perspective, the research can provide new examples of the management, surveillance, conservation as well as the rational exploitation of forest resources by means of juridical measures and their application in forestry; it can critically analyze these measures and propose the adaptation of certain solutions to the changing requirements of contemporary life; it can follow the geographical extent of these measures in other parts of Europe from a diachronic perspective, by analyzing the jurisdiction of forest ranges in the Habsburg Empire. The research findings can progressively and regressively indicate the way in which the centrally-imposed forest management measures influenced the periphery in terms of monitoring the exploitation of forest resources and ensuring the conservation of forests through direct and indirect measures.

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Шуме без трауме

Author(s): Vaso Davidović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2016

Човјек је од искона био везан за шуму. Шума је колијевка и прапостојбина човјека, његово склониште, складиште хране. Лов и риболов су били прве привредне гране с којима је остајао и опстајао. Сојенице, прве прављене куће, су грађене од дрвета, као и прва оружја (копља) и оруђа (дрвено рало и дрвени точак). Укупно вредновање шума није нигдје, нико никада извршио и тешко ће ико игдје икада то учинити, због сложених и огромних, видљивих и невидљивих улога које шума има. Ради лакшег схватања вриједности шуме се дијеле у пет основних група: еколошке, економске, заштитне, здравствене, естетске и педагошке. Еколошки значај шуме је њен примарни значај. Шуме су најбогатији екосистеми животом који у њој буја, бруји и струји као у кош- ници. Шумска простирка (шушањ или стеља) веома је богата бактеријама, гљивама, праживотињама, лишајевима, маховинама, глистама које органску материју претварају у неорганску. Шума ја највећа ризница биолошке разно- врсности (биодиверзитета).

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Zgodovinski razvoj okoljske diplomacije v Sloveniji 1991-2012

Author(s): Miha Pongrac,Boštjan Udovič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2013

The article analyses the development of environmental diplomacy in Slovenia between 1991 and 2012. The basic goal of the article is to present how the environmental diplomacy (diplomacy dealing with ecological issues) has developed in Slovenia, what its importance among other matters in the field of environmental politics and diplomacy has been, and who have been the propagators of the development of environmental diplomacy in Slovenia. The results established by the authors are not very encouraging: they show that the development of environmental diplomacy in Slovenia has been an exceedingly »marginal phenomenon«, gaining momentum mostly under external pressure (e.g. environmental conferences, membership in the European Union, etc.) rather then due to internal efforts. A slight change in the development of environmental diplomacy in Slovenia can be noted in the time of the so-called Pahor's Government (2008–2011), when the Minister of Foreign Affairs was Samuel Žbogar, who introduced a different – more proactive – view into environmental diplomacy because of his own personal principles. However, due to the end of Žbogar's term and in light of the current economic crisis, this view has not been maintained.

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THE COENOTIC AFFINITY OF SOME SPECIES OF BIRDS OBSERVED ON SEVERAL DAM BASINS FROM THE ARGEŞ RIVER IN THE AUTUMN MIGRATORY SEASON

Author(s): Adrian Mestecăneanu,Radu Gava / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

We purposed in this paper to show the coenotic affinities established between the species of birds directly dependent on waters, observed on some dam basins from ROSPA0062 - The dam basins from the Argeş River during the autumn migratory season of 2013, which correspond to the serotinal and autumnal ecologically seasons, when the majority of the migratory birds appear through the area. Aythya ferina and Anas platyrhynchos were the most characteristic species from the coenotic affinity point of view for the whole series of the researched reservoirs, while Larus ridibundus and Podiceps cristatus were the most characteristic species for Vâlcele Dam Basin, Anas platyrhynchos and Aythya ferina, for the Budeasa Dam Basin, Anas platyrhynchos and Phalacrocorax carbo, for the Bascov Dam Basin, Aythya ferina and Cygnus olor, for the Piteşti Dam Basin, and, again, Aythya ferina and Anas platyrhynchos, for the Goleşti Dam Basin. The generally different pairs of characteristic species highlight once more the different life conditions for the birds from every dam basin, that are influenced by the succession of these reservoirs on the river course, the type of habitats, the human pressure, etc. Also, other considerations about the phenology of the species and the similarity between the avicoenoses of the taken into study dam basins are done in the paper.

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BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA) OBSERVED IN THE TINCA AREA (BIHOR COUNTY, ROMANIA) DURING 2023

Author(s): Aurelian Leonardo Ilie,Mariana Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

In this work are presented taxonomical and ecological data about the butterflies and the moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Tinca area, Bihor county during 2023. There were identified 195 species belonging to 33 families and 168 genera, the dominant ones being those belonging to Noctuidae, Geometridae, Crambidae and Nymphalidae families. Eleven species were mentioned for the first time in the Bihor county and two species for the second time in the Bihor county. Data were obtained on the feeding behavior of two species, unpublished in the scientific literature.

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FAUNISTICAL RESEARCHES FROM THE WESTERN HALF OF ROMANIA DURING 2023

Author(s): Aurelian Leonardo Ilie,Mariana Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

In this paper there were presented faunistical data recorded from different areas of the western half of Romania during 2023. There were recorded 112 species belonging to five classes, 26 orders and 99 genera. Some species are rare or protected in Romanian fauna. Perillus bioculatus Fabr is mentioned for the first time in the northwestern Romania. Isodontia mexicana Saus and Pseudeuophrys lanigera Sim are mentioned for the first time in the Bihor county and probably in the northwestern Romania.

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