Типологічні особливості формування парків України
Features and problems of forming of parks of Ukraine, creations of park environment, classification of parks are investigated in the article.
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Features and problems of forming of parks of Ukraine, creations of park environment, classification of parks are investigated in the article.
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On database of the numerous studies of the complex of the stone buildings and monumental Rock Art in the region of Dnister Reservoir (Mezolith-Neolith-Bronze Age), which were conducted with specialists of the NGO West-regional scientific centre of Ukrainian Academy of the Informatics (Lviv) under guide of USPMIC (Kiev).
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Some problems like rapidly developing industrialization, irregular population growth, environmental pollution and to feel the impact of global warming as seriously, has been giving significant damage to the earth. People has realized that, after polluting to clean is harder than polluting of the measures to be taken before. And again people showed the sensitivity to the environment through different reactions and sanctions took measures and created the new concepts about the environment. "Ethical Fashion" concept was created by the conscious and responsible individuals in the last two decades. However, that are being implemented as a concept is noticeable. Textile and fashion industry cover "Ethical Fashion"; ecological product, working conditions, fair trade and sustainable product are all in that concept. "Ethical Fashion" appeared and developed especially in United Kingdom, the USA and the other European countries. Nowadays, we may see a lot of textile and fashion designers, fabric and clothing collections, fairs and some specific courses at the universities about "Ethical Fashion". In this research contains "Ethical Fashion" concept, it's development processes and fashion designers who is working for this concept at the present time, also the main target is in this research, semtinizing "Ethical Fashion" concept.
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The aim of the paper is to determine the scale of agricultural land conversion in gmina (municipalities) located in selected metropolitan areas of Poland. Analyses were conducted taking into account the location of agricultural land in relation to the core of metropolitan area and its suitability for agricultural production. The research has shown that in the metropolitan areas selected for analysis, agricultural land conversion in the period 1996–2014 was over twice as fast as the average for Poland, with the most land converted in the core of a metropolitan area, little less in the first zone of gmina around the core, and the least in gmina located on the outskirts of a metropolitan area. The hypothesis saying that the distance of a gmina from the core of the metropolitan area is a significant factor in the differences in conversion processes, and high quality of environmental conditions of agricultural production does not limit (in a significant way) the process of farmland abandonment has been positively verified.
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The basis of the advancement of contemporary society comprises the development of science and technology, intensified by the globalization processes. The tendency to progress further and produce more in order to improve the living conditions of people has also led to certain adverse consequences reflected in the ecological crisis, that is, the disturbance of the ecological balance. In an effort to come up with a solution, the model of sustainable development was created on the basis of harmonizing the economic needs with the preservation of the ecological balance both at the global and the local level. A healthy and high-quality living environment is not only the basic condition for economic wealth, but clean air, healthy water and healthy soil and food also present the fundamental preconditions for the good health of people. The concept of sustainable development is a relatively new notion, particularly in Serbia. However, it has neither been developed nor implemented sufficiently in our country. The reasons behind this are numerous, among which the unfavourable economic situation certainly occupies an important position, along with the fact that the concept of sustainable development still does not represent a widely accepted development paradigm in Serbia. For Serbia, as a developing country, it is of particular importance to preserve its ecological balance and ensure sustainable development, which is possible, among other things, by cooperating internationally in the sphere of environmental protection
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In her novel Through the Arc of the Rainforest (1990) Karen Tei Yamashita deploys magical realist narrative technique to offer a globally-embracing ecocritical criticism that unfolds global connectivity of peoples, places, and their destinies. As such, she uses a deterritorialized environmental approach, which favors eco-cosmopolitanism over bioregionalism, drawing our attention to the shortcomings of locally-based ecocritical studies that overlook the inextricable political, social, and cultural connections between the local and the global in an age of unprecedented mobility and global modernity. Another environmental issue Yamashati sheds light upon is the fact of slow violence, a violence, as Rob Nixon argues, appears out of sight, and over time. To render this invisible violence visible, she employs magical realism. The intersection between magical realism and ecocriticism in Through the Arc fuels a representational void by giving shape not only to the insidious workings of global capitalism masquerading as “scientific development,” and/or “progress” but also to the slow, invisible environmental violence whose long-term effects bring about human and environmental cost.
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The environmental assessment of facilities and equipment used for the exploitation of renewable energy sources constitutes a major challenge of the environmental scientific community. Studies conducted in this field aim to define manufacturing alternatives which could mitigate the negative environmental impacts. The purpose of this study is the implementation of a comprehensive life cycle assessment for the definition of the environmental performance of flat plate solar thermal collectors. In terms of this study four alternative manufacturing scenarios are examined and a comparative assessment of the findings of the individual analyses is performed. The interpretation of the LCA findings leads to some useful conclusions concerning the improvement of the environmental performance of flat plate solar thermal collectors manufacturing.
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The quality of a concrete parking lots, floors or slabs is highly dependent on achieving a hard and durable surface that is flat, relatively free of cracks and at the proper grade and elevation. The properties are determined by the aggregate characteristics, cementitious materials and the mixture proportions. Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. This study addressed, the issues of environmental and economic concern through the use of saw dust ash and egg shell powder mixture as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Hydraulic Cement was replaced by the mixture of Saw Dust Ash and egg shell powder at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by weight. The cylindrical concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, slump and density .The compressive strength of the specimens was evaluated at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th and 56th days of age. The flexural strength and the splitting tensile strengths were evaluated at 14th and 28 days of age. The results obtained satisfied the minimum specifications of relevant standards and manuals. The study concluded that mixture of saw dust ash and egg shell powder is a suitable supplementary cementitious material and can satisfactorily replace hydraulic cement up to 20% by weight in the construction and maintenance of concrete parking lot placed on the ground.
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Plaster is a widely adopted material in buildings. However, since the manufacturing of cement, a common component material in plaster, involves heating limestone and emits a lot of carbon dioxide, there is inherent problem pertaining to plaster that it is associated with a large amount of embodied energy and carbon footprint. One strategy to solve the problem is to employ quartz sand, an economic and abundant natural resource, to partially replace cement for plaster production to directly reduce the embodied energy and carbon footprint. To investigate the feasibility of practical use of quartz sand in plaster and quantify the effect on reducing the embodied energy and carbon footprint, a total of 30 plaster mixes with quartz sand content varying from 0% to 20% at various water/solid ratios were produced for laboratory testing, and the embodied energy and carbon footprint of each plaster mix were quantitatively estimated. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of suitable quartz sand in plaster could improve the workability for mixing and trowelling and reduce the embodied energy and carbon footprint as well as the cost at the same time.
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In this paper I would like to describe the function and changes of family ties after a traumatic experience. In my analysis I compared life story interviews, which have been recorded in two periods: one and a half month after the Hungarian red sludge disaster in 2010 and three years later. As I placed this case in Ulrich Beck’s theoretical framework, named ‘risk society’, I had three main questions about 1) the changing of family ties after the disaster, 2) family’s role in trauma procession and 3) individuals’ future prospects regarding family life. This paper points out that there are definite gender differences in the individuals’ family perception, and the importance of distinguishing the perceptions about immediate and distant family. Generally, no long-term changes caused by the disaster could be observed in the analysed type of family ties. I would like to point at the possibilities in family life and family ties, which can help the trauma recovery procession and which debase it. The most important result of this paper is the main role of the entire and operable family ties in coping with trauma.
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Artikkel analüüsib avalikke kunstilisi aktsioone nende toimumise koha kontekstis. Teoreetiline raamistik tugineb valdavalt Michel de Certeau ja Henri Lefebvre’i ruumikäsitlustele. Empiiria moodustavad ühes konkreetses paigas, Tallinna Vabaduse väljakul aastatel 2001–2010 aset leidnud kunstilised sekkumised. Juhtumianalüüside ning teoreetilise arutelu kokkuvõttena pakun välja üldistusele pretendeeriva loetelu seaduspäradest, mis iseloomustavad sekkuva avaliku kunsti ja sekkumispaiga vastastikust koosmõju.
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Environmental crime leaves broad consequences for environment and sustainable development. Because of the growing presence and danger of environmental crime, it requires an adequate reaction of the society (the state). This paper will point out the possibility of unifying these efforts by applying community policing. This concept is based on the problem oriented policing, it means identifying and analyzing problems and finding of adequate prevention that would be realized through partnership of actors of social reaction with citizens. The main obstacle for higher results is the lack of police officers specialized in this type of crime, as well as the lack of awareness among police officers and citizens about the dangers of environmental pollution. Identified directions of countering environmental crime should be supported by appropriate normative and educational framework, with appropriate material and technical basis, which would create a suitable setting for action within the framework of community policing. Regarding environmental issues, the scientific and professional public should certainly be included. Community policing should be part of a comprehensive, coherent strategy to combat environmental crime.
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The population that uses sewers and the sewer systems rate of municipalities and agglomerations have been developed. The hypothesis has been verified that the sewer systems indicators, calculated for agglomerations by the Central Statistical Office, are generally overestimated and therefore more agglomerations, than are generally assumed, do not meet the requirements of the waste directive. According to the Base Building Method, RLM using sewers higher than 90% were reported only in every ninth agglomeration, and in more than one quarter it did not exceed 30%. The relatively low sewer system rate of agglomerations is connected with the desire to cover as much of the population as possible, thus with an inadequate delimitation of the agglomeration. It is therefore recommended that the boundaries of agglomerations should be defined in GIS and the Base of Buildings and the population balances should be used as the sources of data on the number of dwellings equipped with sewerage and the population living there.
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Seasonal variation in mortality has long been recognized and confirmed in diverse studies by demographers, climatologists, medics, sociologists etc. Existing research suggests that most world regions experience increase in mortality during winter period and that countries and regions in temperate climate have higher winter mortality than regions in colder climate. As well, numerous studies have so far demonstrated temperature-related mortality associations with increased risk due to both heat-related and cold-related death. The objective of this paper is to research seasonal variations in mortality due to seasonal changes in average air temperature among urban population of Novi Sad (Serbia). The analysis covered the period between 1953 and 2013 for both total and old population (65 and over) by gender and for all-cause mortality, while causes of death were observed only for the 1998-2013 period. This paper considers only cardiovascular diseases I00-I99 (CVD) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD, version 10). Sea-sonal changes in mortality were observed using the coefficient of seasonal variation in mortality (CSVM) while the data were split into five periods in order to research temporal changes. Results for CSVM indicated that mortality in winter period was higher than mortality in non-winter periods, whilst the analysis of the temperature-related mortality suggests that low temperature caused an increase in mortality over the entire year. Despite the confirmed seasonal changes in mortality and the evidence for temperature-related mortality, this research has recognized a declining trend in population vulnerability over time.
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Positive thinking is associated with a certain state of well-being, which is desirable for all of us. The way we manage to maintain it, the way some individuals creates illusions based on this type of thinking, as well as the general impact on life quality has been and is still being discussed. Just as biblical verses have the power to become life beliefs for some, and positive thinking has the power to turn into faith.We want to discover through this research how the approach of positive thinking as life philosophy, influences personal autonomy. Another aspect that we wanted to observe through this research is the element of support for positive thinking, which is faith. It was the reason why we introduced a questionnaire to evaluate the intensity of religious sentiment, and then we correlated with the level of positive thinking.
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Questions regarding the water have a specific position in the context of environmental challenges. The possibility of escalating tensions between individuals, social groups, states or groups of states may even be higher for water-related issues than with other environmental problems. According to many pessimistic forecasts in the course of the 21st century water conflicts occur, which can have tragic consequences. Even though such conflicts have not yet reached a significant regional or global dimension, the risk of such a conflict cannot be ruled out. The aim of the research is to identify other potential risk areas where the water situation will most likely worsen, which may result in a threat of violence, conflict. At the same time, we were comparing the state of renewable water resources in individual countries of the world.
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Energy efficiency is crucial to ensuring a safe, affordable, reliable and sustainable energy system and is an important component of all efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GGE). It is also the fastest and cheapest way to solve energy, environmental and economic problems and challenges. In the context of facing increasing demand for energy, unstable prices, energy supply disruptions and environmental issues, the European Union (EU) has set ambitious energy saving targets of 20% by 2020 and of 30% by 2030, by directing its energy efficiency measures towards those sectors where there is the greatest potential for savings. The energy sector is one of the areas of strategic importance for the future development of the Republic of Serbia (RS). Bearing in mind that Serbia is a candidate country for EU membership, the strategic direction of its energy sector development is largely determined by the undertaken international obligations, with a special emphasis on the Energy Community membership and the EU accession process. In this sense, the country has accepted the obligations related to increasing energy efficiency. The paper analyses the relative and absolute energy intensity trends in order to determine the general trend and dynamics of energy efficiency in Serbia in the period from 1990 to 2015. The paper points out that Serbia, in terms of energy intensity, is lagging behind many EU countries, as well as for some in the region, and gives recommendations for taking measures that would increase energy efficiency in the country.
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The paper presents the research framework of questions, models and possible solutions that should be taken into account in order to define and establish an integrated system for managing industrial hazardous and inert waste generated in the process of industrial production of facilitiesproducts, processing and techno-metallurgical treatment of materials. Here, a specific case was analyzed regarding the IHP “Prva petoletka” HCO - Trstenik (PPT), in the period when the company operated according to market principles and generated revenues and profits. So, everything has been real here, at the level of perceiving the concrete situation of a company that operates and exists in a real environment. The established ecological policy and ecological goals had been evidenced. Process algorithms are presented with appropriate activities at the level of management of solid hazardous and inert waste, wastewater and management of used oils that represent hazardous waste - a valuable raw material. Reporting of the waste to the Recycling Agency is the significant thing at implementation of waste management in the Republic of Serbia in order to protect the environment and implement the provisions of the Basel Convention in our country. An industrial landfill in a sanitary-utility landfill in Trstenik is a dumped waste that could not be recycled and reused. Waste management in the PPT has been carried out yet as responsibly 25 years ago according to the specifics of the company and the requirements of the legislation. In the meantime, the system has maintained and upgraded in line with observed irregularities and changes in legal acts.
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Danube River Basin has been frequently affected by floods in the last decades which often gained historical meanings, the latest being recorded in 2006 and 2013. The material losses were very high and on the Cetate-Dabuleni sector of the Danube river, after the floods of 2006 the dikes have been damaged and partially destroyed. In the end the Rast locality was almost total relocated. Following these events, we need to rebuild the flood defense infrastructure in the Lower Danube, but after the first assessment the costs are very high. With this paper we propose the ways of funding the flood protection works on the Lower Danube, research being done on the Cetate-Dabuleni Danube's sector.
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Recent studies by cognitive scientists demonstrate that people’s choices are more complex than the image provided by rational choice theory, and consistency of choice is not a characteristic to be expected in real-life situations. This exploratory paper attempts to isolate three variables in relation to decision making. Working with a sample (N=70) of university students in the U.S, and using the three variants of the Trolley Problem, the subjects’ responses are used to identify the similarities and differences based on the three dimensions. The participants were asked to respond to three hypothetical situations regarding a runaway trolley. Their decision in the first scenario could save a person’s life or let him be run over by the trolley. In the second scenario, their decision could either let one person die and save five lives or save one life and let five people be killed. These two scenarios require pulling a lever to switch the trolley from one track to another. The third scenario requires pushing an obese person in front of the runaway trolley to stop it from killing five persons. The paper presents the findings on the three variables: gender, age, and relational status.
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