We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Philippe de Commynes, veliki pisac ≫Memoara≪, želio je u XV. stoljeću pokazati ovim riječima da je dioba svijeta na države i narode Božja volja kako bi se osigurala politička ravnoteža u Europi. Povjesničar Commynes referirao se na Europu i slobodno upotrebljavao njezino ime. Uostalom, objasnio je, o Europi govori jer je poznaje.
More...
Die Stadtansicht von Bistritz wird von der Monumentalität der evangelischen Kirche und der ihr eigenen Silhouette geprägt. Ihr derzeitiges Äußeres ist größtenteils das Ergebnis der weitreichenden Bauarbeiten aus der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts unter der Leitung des Architekten Petrus Italus von Lugano; sie wurden 1563, vor 450 Jahren, abgeschlossen. Freilich hat das Bauwerk bis zu seiner (natürlich relativ) endgültigen Form verschiedene Bauphasen durchlaufen, die sich in seiner Bausubstanz wiederfinden. Die vorliegende Studie1 bezieht sich auf die Zeit vor dem Jahr 1563 und versucht, zwei künstlerische Momente aus der Perspektive des Stifters, in diesem Fall des Stadtpfarrers, zu klären. Im Mittelpunkt steht der bislang nicht vermerkte oder unzureichend untersuchte Beitrag zweier vorreformatorischer Stadtpfarrer der Stadt, verbunden mit ihrer Identifikation und damit der Ergänzung der Pfarrerliste der Stadt, die immer noch zahlreiche Lücken aufweist2.
More...
Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary and All Saints, or Saint Helen in Šenkovec near Čakovec was originally built in late 14th Century. Over time the monastery complex was largely rebuilt and transformed, and today it is mostly preserved in the archeological layer. A few preserved historical images are important to get a better idea about its appearance. This images can’t be basis for presentation of the site, but they give us an insight to a better understanding of spatial correlations and volumes within this valuable monastery complex.
More...
Akta Portine slavenske kancelarije prvi je kao posebnu zbirku prikazao Truhelka u Glasniku Zemaljskog muzeja 1911. godine. Proučavajući dubrovačke dokumente koji se specijalno odnose na povijest Bosne pažnju mu je privukao sultanski ferman gore ukrašen tugrom, a ispod napisan ćirilicom, koji je zajedno s još dva slična dokumenta našao u Dubrovniku u škrinji s oštećenim fragmentima iz Stonskog arhiva. Prije Truhelke Konstantin Jireček složio je i uredio u regestama jedan fascikl zanimljivih dokumenata među kojima je bilo nekoliko turskih akata pisanih ćirilicom, koja ipak nije objavio u časopisu Archiv für slavische Philologie 1899. Dokumenti su bili smješteni u ormar u kome se čuvaju Acta Sanctae Mariae Maioris. Miklocich je u zbirci Monumenta serbica (1858) objavio niz takvih dokumenata iz petnaestoga i šesnaestoga stoljeća, također Vučetić u časopisu Srđ.
More...
Based on a manuscript by St Maxim the Greek, this article explores his specific understanding of the relationship between language and biblical tradition. It gives some answers to questions concerning his theology, which are posed by his liturgical experience of the sacred time, which is based not on repeating the excerptions from the patristic authors, but is primarily founded on his accurate reading and in-depth perception of the Holy Bible. Maxim the Greek, who in his personal writings showed a detailed knowledge of both the Old Testament and Slavonic biblical texts, was thus not only able to separate the canonical from the non-canonical sacred texts, but also successfully classified the Christian teachings according to ethical value, from the Old Testament prophets to the apostles and the Church Fathers. With his hierarchy he also gave meaning to the ontological-eschatological dimension (three levels – appropriate to the Holy Trinity) of their spiritual efforts. His knowledge, which also reflects the precise understanding of dogmatic theological decisions of the first ecumenical church councils, ranks highest the learning that comes directly from the Son of God, which Maxim the Greek experienced through his theological-liturgical prayer practice. Maxim found theologically unambiguous formulations which most profoundly determined the specific nature of his personal theology in the Byzantine hymnography dedicated to the Mother of God. All the mentioned facts lead the author to the further explore his specific Old Church Slavonic language, in which he managed to preserve not only the early Christian mentality but also the theological-liturgical characteristics of the ascetic and later monastic discipline that he learned in the monastery of Vatopedi at the Holy Mount Athos. The article concludes with the proposition that only through detailed study of the personal language of St Maxim the Greek can we arrive at a definition of his Theology.
More...
The article presents the results of author's research of the origins of the general concept of contract in continental legal science in the Middle Ages and early Modern Times. This general concept marks one of the key features of the legal style in civil law countries, unknown to Roman jurisprudence, Muslim fiqh or Anglo-American common law. The formation of the general concept of contract proves to be the outcome of several generations of jurists archived through the combination of two models of contract in the medieval ius commune: agreement-based (in the commentaries on Roman law) and promise-based (in the church canons). It is argues that the synthesis of the two models in the 16th century is due to the efforts to reduce the Roman classical law to an art (as in the case of the French humanists) or to explain every rule of positive contract law through the ideal concepts of natural law and commutative justice (as in the case of Spanish legal thinkers). In arranging contract law the French jurists (such as François Connan and Ugo Donellus) followed the intended project of Cicero (ius in artem redigere) by means of the methodology of Petrus Ramus. The representatives of the Spanish late scholasticism (Domingo de Soto, Louis de Molina, Leonard Lessius) aimed at explaining all the provisions of the positive contract law in the sense of the higher moral and theological principles of natural law, as it was laid out in 'Summa Theologica' by Thomas Aquinas. The author looks into the relevant works of the French and the Spanish jurists to analyse the definition of contract, its criteria, and to trace their origins in the legal commentaries of the medieval civilians and canonists, as well as in the medieval and antique treatises on moral theology and philosophy. The analysis allows for critical assessment of the inconsistencies and contradictions of the general concept of contract in the doctrines at the beginning of Modernity.
More...
The question whether Eastern Europe is possible and necessary rarely arises among historians of idea. This problem does not play any significant role in various diagnoses related to the future of the world, either. Nevertheless, it seems that posing this question seems well-grounded. This article is an attempt to consider what created and determined the civilizational space of Eastern Europe in the period from the Middle Ages to the 19th century and what actions and ideas influenced the nature of this part of the Old Continent. Selected “polonica” have also been placed in the context of “easterness”.
More...
Review of: B. Valchev. The renaissance grammars of the Bulgarian language. Sofia, University Publishing House "St. Kliment Ohridski", [University Library, No. 477J, 2008, 554 p.
More...
Historian Muvakkit Salih Sıdkı is one of the most important people in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important work of Salih Sıdkı is Târih-i Bosna, which he wrote in Turkish. This work, contains information about history of Bosnia between the years 1414-1878. Volume I of this work includes the verse letter about the city of Mostar, written by Hüsam Çelebi, a poet from Mostar known by his pen name Adlî. In this work, aforementioned poem will be provided in transcribed form and by the interpretation of the poem, depiction of Mostar in the time period will be tried to be portrayed from the point of view of the poet.
More...
The gravestones from the old Cemetery and the cemetery next to the Nizam Mosque in Tuzi have a lot to do with Malisor steles, stećci and gravestones from Bosnia and Herzegovina that belong to the second half of the 15th and 16th centuries.As Bešlagić states, the Malisor stelae could belong to the 17th and 18th centuries, so the Muslim gravestones from Tuzi are not decorated like the gravestones from Vuksan Lekić, i.e. like the steles of Malisor.Due to the Islamic faith, the decorative art on the gravestones is poorer than these steles and stećci. On the other hand, the Bosnian- Herzegovinian oldest gravestones, who represented all the ornamentation from the stećci, received a slightly poorer decoration because of the Islamic faith, because Islam was against decorating gravestones. All these stories and explanations could chronologically place the Muslim gravestones from Tuzi in the 17th century, as well as the Malisor stelae, because the gravestones were carved from the same Maidan, and this is confirmed by the stelae and pillars that we see in both cemeteries (Old Cemetery and Malisors Cemetery). The connection with the Bosnian-Herzegovinian gravestones and the Tuzi gravestones is very close, but the Tuzi gravestones have a lot of decorative motifs similar to those on the Malisor stelae. Thus, we can say that these gravestones started to be erected when the Malisor women were also on the stelae, because the Malisorians transferred their culture as much as possible to Islam, and this can be seen on the graveoldstones of both religions.
More...
Although Regnum Albaniae was officially declared exactly 750 years ago, on February 21, 1272, its real significance started to be displayed in the second decade of the fourteenth century, long after the physical body of its king that had perished. The other body, according to Kantorowitz, the political body of the Regnum Albaniae, was used by the Holy See to create a union of all the Catholic-interested parties in the Western Balkans, in order to empower a political and religious stronghold in the Balkans, which would not allow the Eastern Rite of the “schismatics” take hold of the whole Balkans. This union was even more organic and long-lasting, when the Albanians understood it as an expression of their own identity and by combining their desire to be free from the Serbian kings with their desire to be recognised as an independent political power, they embraced the idea of being the representatives of the Regnum Albaniae in the international political and religious arena of the time. This led to long-lasting identity of the Albanians as the Catholics of the Balkans.
More...
In this paper, attempts are being made to present the fashion and dressing of different social stratums in XIV-XV century and to classify the various typologies during this period. For the first time, has been taken into consideration the myth of mourning found in various parts of the traditional costume. Based on written sources, the engravings of foreign travelers, as well as the older generation of Albanian photographers, we argue that the male felt pant (tight woolen pantstirqe) came into use in the second half of the XX century.
More...